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Dynamic thiol-disulfide homeostasis in hyperemesis gravidarum.

OBJECTIVE: To determine serum thiol-disulfide homeostasis in hyperemesis gravidarum. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty-six pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum and 37 healthy pregnant women were included in the study. Native thiol, disulfide and total thiol concentrations were measured with a novel automated method. RESULTS: Serum disulfide levels were 15.68±4.41 μmol l(-1) in the hyperemesis gravidarum group and 13.49±2.81 μmol l(-1) in the healthy group (P=0.031). Native thiol levels were 213.86±26.29 μmol l(-1) in the hyperemesis gravidarum group and 232.18±19.21 μmol l(-1) in healthy group (P=0…

Bone morphogenetic protein signaling in bone homeostasis.

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are cytokines belonging to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily. They play multiple functions during development and tissue homeostasis, including regulation of the bone homeostasis. The BMP signaling pathway consists in a well-orchestrated manner of ligands, membrane receptors, co-receptors and intracellular mediators, that regulate the expression of genes controlling the normal functioning of the bone tissues. Interestingly, BMP signaling perturbation is associated to a variety of low and high bone mass diseases, including osteoporosis, bone…

Activity-dependent FUS dysregulation disrupts synaptic homeostasis.

The RNA-binding protein fused-in-sarcoma (FUS) has been associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), two neurodegenerative disorders that share similar clinical and pathological features. Both missense mutations and overexpression of wild-type FUS protein can be pathogenic in human patients. To study the molecular and cellular basis by which FUS mutations and overexpression cause disease, we generated novel transgenic mice globally expressing low levels of human wild-type protein (FUS(WT)) and a pathological mutation (FUS(R521G)). FUS(WT) an

Thyroid hormone signaling and homeostasis during aging.

Studies in humans and in animal models show negative correlations between thyroid hormone (TH) levels and longevity. TH signaling is implicated in maintaining and integrating metabolic homeostasis at multiple levels, notably centrally in the hypothalamus but also in peripheral tissues. The question is thus raised of how TH signaling is modulated during aging in different tissues. Classically, TH actions on mitochondria and heat production are obvious candidates to link negative effects of TH to aging. Mitochondrial effects of excess TH include reactive oxygen species and DNA damage, 2 factors …

Insights from genetic disorders of phosphate homeostasis.

The molecular identification and characterization of genetic defects leading to a number of rare inherited or acquired disorders affecting phosphate homeostasis has added tremendous detail to our understanding of the regulation of phosphate balance. The identification of the key phosphate-regulating hormone, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), as well as other molecules that control its production, such as the N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 3 GALNT3, the endopeptidase phosphate-regulating protein with homologies to endopeptidases on the X chromosome, and the matrix protein dentin matrix pr…

mTOR regulates cellular iron homeostasis through tristetraprolin.

Iron is an essential cofactor with unique redox properties. Iron-regulatory proteins 1 and 2 (IRP1/2) have been established as important regulators of cellular iron homeostasis, but little is known about the role of other pathways in this process. Here we report that the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulates iron homeostasis by modulating transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) stability and altering cellular iron flux. Mechanistic studies identify tristetraprolin (TTP), a protein involved in anti-inflammatory response, as the downstream target of mTOR that binds to and enhances degradation of …

Gastrointestinal factors influencing zinc absorption and homeostasis.

Diet-derived luminal factors have a major influence on zinc available for uptake across the apical membrane of enterocytes. Malabsorption and possibly intestinal microbiota limit this zinc availability. The transporter ZIP4 is expressed along the entire gastrointestinal tract and acts as a major processor of dietary zinc for loading into enterocytes from the apical membrane. Zip4 and other Zip family genes expressed in the gastrointestinal tract are up-regulated in periods of dietary zinc restriction. This provides for powerful homeostatic control. The transporter ZIP14 is up-regulated along t

Intravenous iron sucrose changes the intraperitoneal homeostasis.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Intravenous iron infusion is the accepted way of supplementation of that compound in uremic patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether this treatment affects intraperitoneal homeostasis in patients on peritoneal dialysis. METHODS: Blood and peritoneal dialysate samples were collected from 10 patients treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis who were given 100 mg iron sucrose (IS) intravenously. Systemic and peritoneal permeability as well as transperitoneal transport were studied. The effect of spent dialysate was tested in vitro on human peritoneal …

Phosphatonins: new hormones that control phosphorus homeostasis.

Phosphorus (Pi) plays an important role in nucleic acid synthesis, energy metabolism, bone mineralization and cell signaling, and is also present in sugars, phospholipids and phosphoproteins. Phosphate homeostasis is controlled by processes that regulate the intestinal absorption and renal excretion of Pi, and bone turnover. These processes are influenced by peptide and sterol hormones, such as parathyroid hormone and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1α,25[OH]2D3). Recently, a new class of phosphate-regulating peptides has been discovered: phosphatonins. These factors, such as FGF-23, secreted frizzl…

Renal osteodystrophy, phosphate homeostasis, and vascular calcification.

New advances in the pathogenesis of renal osteodystrophy (ROD) change the perspective from which many of its features and treatment are viewed. Calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and vitamin D have been shown to be important determinants of survival associated with kidney diseases. Now ROD dependent and independent of these factors is linked to survival more than just skeletal frailty. This review focuses on recent discoveries that renal injury impairs skeletal anabolism decreasing the osteoblast compartment of the skeleton and consequent bone formation. This discovery and the disc

Arterial homeostasis, inflammation, and erythropoietic growth factors.

A neurohumoral link between kidneys and the heart has been established, particularly in the context of hypertension and cardiomyopathy. Beyond this neuro-endocrine pathway, another connecting system theoretically recruits growth factors that are selectively produced by the kidneys and have the ability to promote a distant reaction at the level of bone marrow. This reaction differentiates and circulates vascular progenitor cells capable of repairing the injured cardiovascular system. Reducing injuries (prevention) stabilizes disease processes by reducing tissue damage and destruction but the gr

Abnormal intracellular ca(2+)homeostasis and disease.

A whole range of cell functions are regulated by the free cytosolic Ca(2+)concentration. Activator Ca(2+)from the extracellular space enters the cell through various types of Ca(2+)channels and sometimes the Na(+)/Ca(2+)-exchanger, and is actively extruded from the cell by Ca(2+)pumps and Na(+)/Ca(2+)-exchangers. Activator Ca(2+)can also be released from internal Ca(2+)stores through inositol trisphosphate or ryanodine receptors and is taken up into these organelles by means of Ca(2+)pumps. The resulting Ca(2+)signal is highly organized in space, frequency and amplitude because the localizatio

PAC1 Receptor Knockout Mice Revereal Critical Cвязи между стрессом ER, Myelin Homeostasis и нейродегенерацией.

Гипофизный аденилат, активирующий полипептид-рецептор 1 (PAC1), играет ключевую роль в развитии центральной нервной системы и гомеостазиса. Сопоставление мышей PAC1 (PAC1-/-), гетероцигов (PAC1+/-) и мышей диких типов (PAC1+/+) показывает, что недостаток PAC1 серьезно ухудшает предплечье выживаемости и приводит к заметному дефициту развития, включая снижение послеродового веса и изменение поведения локомодвигателя. PAC1-/- мыши продемонстрировали гиперлокацию, снижение уровня тревожного поведения и переходные недостатки в координации двигателей. Анализ экспрессии Gene выявил широкое регулирова

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor 1 (PAC1) plays a pivotal role in central nervous system development and homeostasis. Comparisons of PAC1 knockout (PAC1-/-), heterozygous (PAC1+/-) and wild-type (PAC1+/+) mice demonstrate that PAC1 deficiency severely impairs pre-weaning survival and results in marked developmental deficits, in…

Labelfree mapping and profiling of altered lipid homeostasis in the rat hippocampus after traumatic stress: Role of oxidative homeostasis.

Oxidative and lipid homeostasis are altered by stress and trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with alterations to lipid species in plasma. Stress-induced alterations to lipid oxidative and homeostasis may exacerbate PTSD pathology, but few preclinical investigations of stress-induced lipidomic changes in the brain exist. Currently available techniques for the quantification of lipid species in biological samples require tissue extraction and are limited in their ability to retrieve spatial information. Raman imaging can overcome this limitation through the quantifica…

Systematic mining and characterization of metal transporter families regulating zinc homeostasis provide insights into metal homeostasis in Camellia sinensis.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Zinc is essential for tea plant growth and quality formation, yet its homeostatic mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study identified metal transporter families regulating zinc homeostasis, analyzed their evolution, structure, and expression, and clarified zinc uptake, transport, detoxification networks, and their links to metabolism. METHODS: This study identified zinc homeostasis-related metal transporter families in the tea plant genome, characterized their structural features and expression profiles across tissues and developmental stages through integrative bi…

Interrelationship of dietary Mg intake and electrolyte homeostasis in hamsters: I. Severe Mg deficiency, electrolyte homeostasis, and myocardial necrosis.

Epidemiological studies indicate a strong relationship between dietary Mg intake and the incidence of sudden cardiac death. The mechanism by which dietary Mg leads to an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease is unknown but may involve alteration of electrolyte balance. In the present study, tissue electrolyte levels and myocardial pathology were investigated in adult hamsters fed a diet containing no added Mg. Control animals were fed the same diet supplemented with Mg or standard laboratory chow. Hamsters were killed after 4, 8, 12, or 18 days on the test diet, and levels of Na, K, Ca

VPS13C regulates triglyceride homeostasis and adipocyte differentiation.

BACKGROUND: Hypertriglyceridemia is a major risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases. VPS13C is a genome-wide significant locus for triglyceride with an incomplete understanding of its functional role in triglyceride biology. In this study, we investigated the transcriptomic associations and functional roles of VPS13C in triglyceride metabolism. METHODS: We analyzed VPS13C expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue and assessed fasting serum lipid levels (including total cholesterol and triglycerides) in participants from the Africa America Diabetes Mellitus (AADM) study. In parallel, we condu

Caspase noncanonical roles in mediating lipid homeostasis.

Caspases are well recognized and studied as the central executioners of apoptosis, while recent studies have unraveled their diverse roles beyond cell apoptotic function. One emerging area of interest is nonapoptotic caspase activity as a potential regulator in lipid metabolism. This review explores the differential nonapoptotic role of caspases in lipid metabolic process, encompassing the influence of caspases on lipid reprogramming, lipid synthesis, degradation, transport, and signaling. We discuss the mechanisms underlying these interactions, their relevance to physiological processes, and

Ampelopsin preserves glutamate homeostasis against cerebral ischemia.

The glutamate (Glu)-glutamine (Gln) cycle between astrocytes and neurons plays a crucial role in maintaining extracellular Glu levels during … to suppress tumorigenesis. However, the influence of this effect on neuroprotective effects and Glu homeostasis remains unclear. This study aimed to construct a middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model to assess the effects of Amp and CB-839 on Glu-induced ischemic injury in vivo. Herein, Glu and Gln levels within the Glu-Gln metabolic cycl …