Результаты поиска

Categorization of aggressive acts committed by chronically assaultive state hospital patients.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined factors motivating inpatient aggression in a sample of chronically assaultive state hospital patients. METHODS: Inpatients who had committed three or more assaults over a one-year period were identified by using an incident report database. Aggressive episodes were categorized as impulsive, organized, or psychotic by using a procedure for classifying assaultive acts based on record review. Each assault type was further subcategorized. The relationship between assault type, victim (staff or patient), and legal status of the assaulter was also assessed. RESULTS:

Overt and covert aggression in college women with bulimia nervosa.

OBJECTIVE: This study examines the prevalence of overt and covert aggression in women with bulimia nervosa (BN) as well as the relationship between the severity of BN and the frequency of aggressive acts. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 20 female college students with BN and 20 control subjects completed self-report measures of aggressive behavior and eating disorder pathology. They also completed the Juvenile Health and Wellness Survey-76 to assess general risk taking and indices of sexual behavior and mental health. RESULTS: BN subjects reported higher levels of both overt and covert aggression (p <

Self-reported impulsivity in Huntington's disease patients and relationship to executive dysfunction and reward responsiveness.

INTRODUCTION: Few studies have directly investigated impulsivity in Huntington's disease (HD) despite known changes in dopaminergic and frontal functioning, changes that have been associated with impulsivity in other disorders and in the normal population. This study sought to further categorize impulsivity in HD through examining differences in self-reported impulsivity between community controls and HD patients, the relationship between executive dysfunction and impulsivity, and the relationship of a reward/punishment behavioral inhibition task in relation to these self-report measures. It w

Narrative strategies in live-streaming commerce: host storytelling, immersion, and impulse buying.

Live-streaming hosts play a pivotal role in e-commerce, yet their narration strategies remain underexplored. This study develops a framework to examine how host narration strategies influence consumers' impulsive buying behavior. The exploratory phase involved textual analysis of host narration, which informed the conceptual model grounded in Narrative Transportation Theory. In the confirmatory phase, 398 user responses were examined using structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the path model and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to identify sufficient configurations of in

Writing Abilities in Compulsive Prisoners.

Research has found links between academic failure and criminal offending and suggest that many incarcerated young people have experienced significant behavioral and learning problems in school, which could result in criminal outcomes and poor academic performance. The objective of this study was to analyse writing disorders in impulsive and compulsive prisoners. The sample was composed of 194 male prisoners, of which 81 had been diagnosed with Antisocial Personality Disorder and 113 with Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder. Male participants were recruited at the Granada Prison Center. T

Neural representations of dynamical state and trait impulsivity in individuals at risk for internet gaming disorder.

Impulsivity is a core symptom across multiple addictive disorders, including internet gaming disorder (IGD), yet its multidimensional nature-particularly the neural basis of state and trait impulsivity in IGD-remains poorly understood. We aimed to elucidate the neural correlates of both impulsivity dimensions and uncover how IGD interacts with the heightened impulsive tendencies. Here we conducted a fMRI study with 87 college students at risk for IGD, employing a modified card-guessing task to capture state impulsivity under a loss decision framework. Modified card-guessing paradigm was applie

Chronic pramipexole treatment induces compulsive behavior in rats with 6-OHDA lesions of the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area.

Dopamine replacement therapy (DRT) reduces motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD), but also induces impulsive-compulsive behavior (ICB) in up to 25% of PD patients. These non-motor side effects of DRT generally follow a gradual transition from impulsive to compulsive-like-i.e. repetitive, compelled, and non-pleasurable-behavior. Here, we investigated the effect of chronic pramipexole (PPX) treatment on the onset of compulsive-like behavior, measured via the post-training signal attenuation (PTSA) procedure, in rats with dopaminergic lesions. Accordingly, we aimed to mimic chronic DRT in a

Dopamine-induced changes to thalamic GABA concentration in impulsive Parkinson disease patients.

Impulsivity is inherent to behavioral disorders such as substance abuse and binge eating. While the role of dopamine in impulse behavior is well established, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) therapies have promise for the treatment of maladaptive behaviors. In Parkinson disease (PD), dopaminergic therapies can result in the development of impulsive and compulsive behaviors, and this clinical syndrome shares similar pathophysiology to that seen in addiction, substance abuse, and binge-eating disorders. We hypothesized that impulsive PD patients have a reduced thalamic GABAergic response to dopamine t

Platelet serotonin concentration and trait aggression in veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder: a preliminary study.

Animal and human studies suggest that aggressive behavior may be modulated by brain serotonergic system. Serotonergic (5-HT) dysfunction is associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but also with increased aggression and impulsivity, hallmarks of PTSD. The aim of the study was to investigate the association of platelet 5-HT concentration and various types of aggression and impulsivity in veterans with PTSD. A group of 42 male combat-related PTSD subjects entered the study. Four different aggression facets were measured by the Buss and Perry's Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ). Verba

Links between sexuality, impulsivity, compulsivity, and addiction in a large sample of university students.

OBJECTIVE: Non-heterosexual populations experience poorer mental health outcomes than their heterosexual counterparts. Few studies, however, have examined how mental health varies across the continuum of sexual orientation. Nor has any study examined possible links between sexual orientation and traits of impulsivity and compulsivity, which contribute to functional impairment across a broad spectrum of psychiatric disorders. To address these limitations, the present study sought to identify addictive and impulsive/compulsive problems associated with sexuality in a university sample. METHODS:

Schizophrenia and impulsive aggression: a heuristic inquiry with forensic and clinical implications.

Assessment of a violent act committed by an offender with schizophrenia typically focuses on whether the act was due to distortions in thought or perception, i.e., delusions or hallucination. An important but less appreciated feature is the impulsivity of the act, which can have forensic and therapeutic implications. Here a modification of Barratt's classification of aggressive behavior is presented that includes premeditated (instrumental), medical (secondary), impulsive (expressive), and compulsive (instrumental and expressive) aggression. Violence due to a mental condition such as schizophr

The effects of early life stress on impulsivity.

Elevated impulsivity is a symptom shared by various psychiatric disorders such as substance use disorder, bipolar disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. However, impulsivity is not a unitary construct and impulsive behaviors fall into two subcategories: impulsive action and impulsive choice. Impulsive choice refers to the tendency to prefer immediate, small rewards over delayed, large rewards, whereas impulsive action involves difficulty inhibiting rash, premature, or mistimed behaviors. These behaviors are mediated by the mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA) system, which consists…

Multidimensional assessments of impulsivity in women with bulimia nervosa, bipolar disorders, and comorbidity.

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the shared and distinct features of emotional dysregulation and impulsivity in women with bulimia nervos … pulsivity, sensitivity to punishment, negative urgency, and both internally and externally directed impulsive behaviors compared with the control group. Comorbidity with BN-BD was further associated with increased severity in anger, attentional impulsivity, reward sensitivity (fun seeking), and externally directed impulsive behaviors relative to the BN-only group. A …

Screening for impulse control symptoms in patients with de novo Parkinson disease: a case-control study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency and correlates of impulse control and related behavior symptoms in patients with de novo, untreated Parkinson disease (PD) and healthy controls (HCs). METHODS: The Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative is an international, multisite, case-control clinical study conducted at 21 academic movement disorders centers. Participants were recently diagnosed, untreated PD patients (n = 168) and HCs (n = 143). The outcome measures were presence of current impulse control and related behavior symptoms based on recommended cutoff points for the Questionnaire for

Повторение повторяющихся поведенческих паттернов: серия случаев с компульсивным поведением, трicho-тillomania, ненужной саморазрушительной поведенческой активностью и синдромом жаждущего еды.

Заболевание вынужденного сексуального поведения (CSBD), трichoэпилепсия (TTM), расстройство жор (BED) и ненужное самоповреждение (NSSI) классифицируются в отдельных категориях в Межправительственной классификации болезней, 11-е издание (ICD-11). В этом серийном случае旨在 explore общие импульсивные и вынужденные черты этих расстройств, несмотря на их общую феноменологию и сопутствующие расстройства. Также обсуждается инсайт, механизмы вознаграждения и связанные нейробиологические понимания повторяющихся действий. В конце также подчеркивается потенциальная роль глиаминергических препаратов в их л

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… The patient’s compulsive and impulsive behavior required a diagnosis of OCRD and CSBD with a comprehensive treatment plan. Case-2 A 20-year-old female presented with noticeable bald patches across her scalp, eventually extending to involve the entire scalp area [ Figure 1 ]. … NAC 1200 mg per day was added, which has been shown to reduce impulsive behaviors by modulating glutamate levels. …

The Impact of Compulsivity and Impulsivity in Cerebellar Ataxia: A Case Series.

BACKGROUND: The cerebellum has recently been identified to have a key role in reward processing, and individuals with ataxia have been found to be more impulsive and compulsive as part of cerebellum-related cognitive and behavioral disturbances. CASE REPORT: We reported five individuals with cerebellar ataxia who demonstrate impulsive and compulsive behaviors, including hobbyism, gambling, and compulsive medication use, to illustrate that these symptoms can be highly disabling. DISCUSSION: These five cases provide examples of behavioral symptoms in cerebellar ataxia. Further investigations o

The factorial structure of pathological gambling.

Pathological gambling has been characterised by DSM-III-R and DSM-IV as a disorder of impulse control with a proportion of gamblers identified as meeting criteria for a co-morbid diagnosis of Antisocial Personality Disorder. To date, empirical evidence in support of the notion that pathological gamblers as a group manifest elevated traits of impulsivity remains equivocal. Principal components analysis was used to investigate relationships between the constructs of impulsivity, psychopathy, DSM-III-R criteria for Antisocial Personality Disorder, psychological distress, criminal offending behavi

Impulsivity, neural deficits, and the addictions: the "oops" factor in relapse.

Impulsive behaviors are observed in a wide range of psychiatric disorders, including substance use, bipolar, attention-deficit hyperactivity, antisocial and borderline personality, gambling, and eating disorders. The shared phenotype of impulsivity is thought to significantly contribute to both the etiology and perpetuation of these disorders. In this review, we focus upon the relevance of impulsivity to the addictive disorders, particularly substance use disorders. First, the literature supporting the presence of impulsive behaviors prior to the onset of drug use and addiction is discussed. T…

An investigation of delay and probability discounting in hoarding disorder.

Behavioral impulsivity may be a mechanism of hoarding disorder (HD). A commonly used and well-validated measure of impulsivity is the delay and probability discounting task, which consists of making decisions about receiving monetary rewards after varying delay intervals and delivery probabilities. We compared delay and probability discounting and self-reported behavioral impulsivity in 81 patients with a primary diagnosis of HD and 45 nonclinical controls. HD participants completed the impulsivity measures before and after 16 weekly sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), whereas cont

A ventral hippocampus to nucleus accumbens pathway regulates impulsivity in male but not female rats.

Heightened impulsivity is associated with substance abuse disorders, gambling, and obesity. The ventral hippocampus (vHPC) has recently been linked with impulse control, yet the neurobiological and behavioral mechanisms through which this occurs are unknown. A subset of vHPC neurons projects to the nucleus accumbens shell (ACBsh), a brain region known for regulating reward and motivation. Here, we evaluated the role of vHPC-ACBsh signaling in food-directed impulsivity using fiber photometry and transsynaptic chemogenetic and behavioral approaches. Male and female rats were trained in the diffe