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Isolation of Bacillus subtilis NJ01 and in silico evaluation of its antimicrobial metabolites as potential inhibitors of the CRN8 effector protein of Phytophthorainfestans.

Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is one of the most destructive oomycete diseases affecting global potato and tomato production, leading to annual economic losses exceeding $6 billion. Overreliance on synthetic fungicides has raised serious environmental and resistance-related concerns, highlighting the need for sustainable biological alternatives. This study aimed to isolate and characterize antagonistic rhizobacteria and evaluate their bioactive metabolites as potential inhibitors of the CRN8 effector protein of P. infestans using computational approaches. Six bacterial isolate

Biological Control of Chili Damping-Off Disease, Caused by Pythium myriotylum.

Pythium myriotylum is a notorious soil-borne oomycete that causes post-emergence damping-off in chili pepper. Of various disease management strategies, utilization of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in disease suppression and plant growth promotion is an interesting strategy. The present study was performed to isolate and characterize PGPR indigenous to the chili rhizosphere in Pakistan, and to test the potential to suppress the damping-off and plant growth promotion in chili. Out of a total of 28 antagonists, eight bacterial isolates (4a2, JHL-8, JHL-12, 1C2, RH-24, 1D, 5C, and RH

The drought response of Theobroma cacao (cacao) and the regulation of genes involved in polyamine biosynthesis by drought and other stresses.

Drought can negatively impact pod production despite the fact that cacao production usually occurs in tropical areas having high rainfall. Polyamines (PAs) have been associated with the response of plants to drought in addition to their roles in responses to many other stresses. The constitutive and drought inducible expression patterns of genes encoding enzymes involved in PA biosynthesis were determined: an ornithine decarboxylase (TcODC), an arginine decarboxylase (TcADC), an S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (TcSAMDC), a spermidine synthase (TcSPDS), and a spermine synthase (TcSPMS). Expr

Diversity and distribution of Aphanomyces astaci in a European hotspot of ornamental crayfish introductions.

Ornamental trade has become an important introduction pathway of non-native aquatic species worldwide. Correspondingly, there has been an alarming increase in the number of established crayfish of aquarium origin in Europe over the previous decade. The oomycete Aphanomyces astaci, the pathogen causing crayfish plague responsible for serious declines of European crayfish populations, is dispersed with introduced North American crayfish. The role of ornamental taxa in introducing and spreading different genotypes of this pathogen in open waters remains unclear. We investigated the distribution,

Analyses of wrky18 wrky40 plants reveal critical roles of SA/EDS1 signaling and indole-glucosinolate biosynthesis for Golovinomyces orontii resistance and a loss-of resistance towards Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato AvrRPS4.

Simultaneous mutation of two WRKY-type transcription factors, WRKY18 and WRKY40, renders otherwise susceptible wild-type Arabidopsis plants resistant towards the biotrophic powdery mildew fungus Golovinomyces orontii. Resistance in wrky18 wrky40 double mutant plants is accompanied by massive transcriptional reprogramming, imbalance in salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling, altered ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY1 (EDS1) expression, and accumulation of the phytoalexin camalexin. Genetic analyses identified SA biosynthesis and EDS1 signaling as well as biosynthesis of the indole-g

Reduced soil microbial diversity and altered co-occurrence networks associated with Phytophthora nicotianae infection in flue-cured tobacco fields.

Phytophthora nicotianae is a persistent and highly destructive soilborne oomycete that causes black shank of tobacco and continues to threaten its production despite integrated management. Although soil microbiomes are increasingly recognized as important components of disease outcomes, little is known about how soil microbial communities vary with P. nicotianae DNA concentrations and black shank pressure under field conditions. We examined relationships among 17 soil physicochemical properties, microbial community features, P. nicotianae DNA levels, and black shank outcomes in three flue-cure

Antifungal and other bioactive properties of the volatilome of Streptomyces scabiei.

UNLABELLED: Volatile compounds (VCs) produced by most host-associated bacteria remain largely unexplored despite their potential roles in suppressing microbial competitors and facilitating host colonization. This study investigated the volatilome of Streptomyces scabiei 87-22, the model species for causative agents of common scab in root and tuber crops, under culture conditions that completely inhibited fungal growth, including the phytopathogens Alternaria solani and Gibberella zeae. Bicameral assays confirmed that these effects were partially due to VCs. Using gas chromatography coupled wit

Inhibition of Three Potato Pathogens by Phenazine-Producing Pseudomonas spp. Is Associated with Multiple Biocontrol-Related Traits.

Phenazine-producing Pseudomonas spp. are effective biocontrol agents that aggressively colonize the rhizosphere and suppress numerous plant diseases. In this study, we compared the ability of 63 plant-beneficial phenazine-producing Pseudomonas strains representative of the worldwide diversity to inhibit the growth of three major potato pathogens: the oomycete Phytophthora infestans, the Gram-positive bacterium Streptomyces scabies, and the ascomycete Verticillium dahliae. The 63 Pseudomonas strains are distributed among four different subgroups within the P. fluorescens species complex and pro

Pseudo-nitzschia, Nitzschia, and domoic acid: New research since 2011.

Some diatoms of the genera Pseudo-nitzschia and Nitzschia produce the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA), a compound that caused amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) in humans just over 30 years ago (December 1987) in eastern Canada. This review covers new information since two previous reviews in 2012. Nitzschia bizertensis was subsequently discovered to be toxigenic in Tunisian waters. The known distribution of N. navis-varingica has expanded from Vietnam to Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines and Australia. Furthermore, 15 new species (and one new variety) of Pseudo-nitzschia have been discovered, b

Metalaxyl: persistence, degradation, metabolism, and analytical methods.

Metalaxyl is a systemic fungicide used to control plant diseases caused by Oomycete fungi. Its formulations include granules, wettable powders, dusts, and emulsifiable concentrates. Application may be by foliar or soil incorporation, surface spraying (broadcast or band), drenching, and seed treatment. Metalaxyl registered products either contain metalaxyl as the sole active ingredient or are combined with other active ingredients (e.g., captan, mancozeb, copper compounds, carboxin). Due to its broad-spectrum activity, metalaxyl is used world-wide on a variety of fruit and vegetable crops. Its

Iron overload is associated with increased susceptibility to pulmonary Pythium insidiosum infection in mice.

BACKGROUND: Pythium insidiosum is a fungus-like oomycete capable of causing disease with high mortality rates. Although pulmonary Pythium insidiosum infections are rare, they are associated with an extremely high fatality rate. The mechanisms underlying Pythium insidiosum infection remain unclear and may be associated with immune dysregulation or iron overload. Existing animal models do not adequately replicate the pathophysiological process of pulmonary invasive infection by Pythium insidiosum in humans. Therefore, this study aims to establish a murine model of pulmonary Pythium insidiosum in

Salicylic acid and NIM1/NPR1-independent gene induction by incompatible Peronospora parasitica in arabidopsis.

To identify pathogen-induced genes distinct from those involved in systemic acquired resistance, we used cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism to examine RNA levels in Arabidopsis thaliana wild type, nim1-1, and salicylate hydroxylase-expressing plants after inoculation with an incompatible isolate of the downy mildew pathogen Peronospora parasitica. Fifteen genes are described, which define three response profiles on the basis of whether their induction requires salicylic acid (SA) accumulation and NIM1/NPR1 activity, SA alone, or neither. Sequence analysis shows that the genes include

Root and Stem Rot of Begonia Caused by Phytopythium helicoides in Virginia.

In the summer of 2011, severe root and stem rot of begonia (Begonia × semperflorens-cultorum cv. Vodka Dark Red) was observed during a field trial. Seventy-eight percent of the plants had symptoms included foliar blight, blackened and rotting roots, rotting stems, and collapsing crown, often leading to plant death. Isolation from the diseased plant roots consistently recovered a Pythium-like species and 41 isolates were subcultured for identification. These isolates produced very similar single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) fingerprints (2), which were distinct from those of other oo

First Report of Albugo ipomoeae-panduratae Causing White Rust on Ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea) in Iowa.

Ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea L.) is a prevalent weed in Iowa. This weed was found in corn field with approx. >50% incidence and from 10-40% severity of white pustules in Boone County during summer 2022, 2023, and 2024. The weed was observed with irregularly yellow-necrotic spots on the adaxial surface of leaves with white pustules on the abaxial side. Initially, the adaxial surface of the infected leaf exhibited yellow irregular spots that gradually turned brown and necrotic (Fig. S1A). On the yellow irregular spots of the abaxial surface, tiny, powdery, and chalky-white-cream sori

Advanced Diagnostic Techniques

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Integrating CRISPR/Cas technology with clinical trials: Principles, progress and challenges.

CRISPR represent a groundbreaking genome-editing technology that has revolutionized genetic modification. This innovative tool offers an unparalleled revolution in the future treatment of genetic disorders, neurological diseases, infectious diseases and cancer. Despite the rapid expansion of CRISPR applications, its clinical use in humans is still relatively limited, with only 69 active clinical trials and 6 completed studies reported so far. This review examined current clinical trials and their processes in addressing various diseases via the CRISPR/Cas system. While earlier literatures have

Capsaicin: Current Understanding of Its Mechanisms and Therapy of Pain and Other Pre-Clinical and Clinical Uses.

In this review, we discuss the importance of capsaicin to the current understanding of neuronal modulation of pain and explore the mechanisms of capsaicin-induced pain. We will focus on the analgesic effects of capsaicin and its clinical applicability in treating pain. Furthermore, we will draw attention to the rationale for other clinical therapeutic uses and implications of capsaicin in diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular conditions, cancer, airway diseases, itch, gastric, and urological disorders.

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… Properties of capsaicinoids for the control of fungi and oomycetes pathogenic to pepper Plant Biol. 2014 16 177 185 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00717.x 23452049 8. Ziglio A.C. Gonçalves D. …

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10th Trends in Medical Mycology Held on 8 to 11 October 2021, Aberdeen, Scotland, Organized by the European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM).

Plenary Sessions: [...].

2020 ACVIM Forum On Demand Research Abstract Program.

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