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Mapping of host-parasite-microbiome interactions reveals metabolic determinants of tropism and tolerance in Chagas disease.

Chagas disease (CD) is a parasitic disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi protozoa, presenting with cardiomyopathy, megaesophagus, and/or megacolon. To determine the mechanisms of gastrointestinal (GI) CD tissue tropism, we systematically characterized the spatial localization of infection-induced metabolic and microbiome alterations, in a mouse model of CD. Notably, the impact of the transition between acute and persistent infection differed between tissue sites, with sustained large-scale effects of infection in the esophagus and large intestine, providing a potential mechanism for the tropism …

HIV-1 subtype C predicted co-receptor tropism in Africa: an individual sequence level meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Entry inhibitors, such as Maraviroc, hold promise as components of HIV treatment and/or pre-exposure prophylaxis in Africa. Mara … l sequences were phylogenetically confirmed as HIV-1-C and clustered according to their co-receptor tropism. In Africa, Maraviroc is registered only in South Africa and Uganda. CONCLUSIONS: Our analyses illustrate that X4 viruses are present in significantly similar proportions in early and early chronic HIV-1 subtype C infected individuals across Africa …

Parameters Influencing Baseline HIV-1 Genotypic Tropism Testing Related to Clinical Outcome in Patients on Maraviroc.

OBJECTIVES: We analysed the impact of different parameters on genotypic tropism testing related to clinical outcome prediction in 108 patients on maraviroc (MVC) treatment. METHODS: 87 RNA and 60 DNA samples were used. The viral tropism was predicted using the geno2pheno[coreceptor] and T-CUP tools with FPR cut-offs ranging from 1%-20%. Additionally, 27 RNA and 28 DNA samples were analysed in triplicate, 43 samples with the ESTA assay and 45 with next-generation sequencing. The influence of the genotypic susceptibility score (GSS) and 16 MVC-resistance mutations on clinical outcome was also s…

Clinical value of ultradeep HIV-1 genotyping and tropism testing in late presenters with advanced disease.

OBJECTIVE: This article aims to investigate if the detection of preexisting drug-resistant minority variant (DRMV) and/or X4 HIV-1 variants … ted with impaired CD4 T-cell count recovery over 2 years (214 vs. 315 cells/μl with X4 vs. R5 HIV-1 tropism, respectively, P = 0.017). CONCLUSION: Accounting for preexisting DRMVs may improve the outcomes of first-line nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based ART in late presenters with advanced immune suppression. Presence of X4 HIV-1 at diag …

Amniotic mesenchymal stem cells display neurovascular tropism and aid in the recovery of injured peripheral nerves.

Recently, we reported that human amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMMs) possess great angiogenic potential. In this study, we determined whether local injection of AMMs ameliorates peripheral neuropathy. AMMs were transplanted into injured sciatic nerves. AMM injection promoted significant recovery of motor nerve conduction velocity and voltage amplitude compared to human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. AMM implantation also augmented blood perfusion and increased intraneural vascularity. Whole-mount fluorescent imaging analysis demonstrated that AMMs exhibited higher

Tropism of dengue virus in mice and humans defined by viral nonstructural protein 3-specific immunostaining.

Previous attempts to define dengue virus (DENV) tropism in human autopsy tissues have detected DENV antigens that are abundant in circulation during severe dengue, and thus may be present in uninfected cells. To better define DENV tropism, we performed immunostaining for the DENV2 nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) in humans and in a mouse model of DENV infection. In mice, NS3 was detected in phagocytes of the spleen and lymph node, hepatocytes in liver, and myeloid cells in bone marrow. In human autopsy tissues, NS3 was present in phagocytes in lymph node and spleen, alveolar macrophages in lung, …

[Immunohistochemical studies on organ tropism of different biotypes of BVD virus in experimentally infected sheep fetuses].

Paraffin sections from various organs of sheep fetuses following transplacental infection with non-cytopathogenic (ncp) bovine viral diarrho … e cp BVDV used in experiment B and that the two virus biotypes differ considerably concerning their tropism for fetal ovine organs.

Role of VP2 amino acid 141 in tropism of Theiler's virus within the central nervous system.

Following intracranial inoculation, Theiler's virus causes either an acute encephalitis (strain GDVII) or a chronic demyelinating disease (strain DA). The DA strain sequentially infects the grey matter of the brain, the grey matter of the spinal cord, and, finally, the white matter of the spinal cord, where it persists in glial cells and causes demyelinating lesions. Analysis of the phenotype of recombinant viruses has shown that the viral capsid contains determinants for persistence and demyelination. Our previous studies showed that a Lys at position 141 of the VP2 capsid protein (VP2-141) c

Влияние белков до мембраны и конвертов на структуру, патогенность и трпизм вируса энцефалита, переносимого клещами.

Вирус энцефалита (TBEV) — нейротропический аромат, который ежегодно вызывает тысячи человеческих инфекций. Вирусный тропизм в мозгу определяется наличием необходимых рецепторов, вводными факторами и способностью вируса преодолевать защиту хост-компьютера. Виртуальные структурные белки, предмембран (prM) и конверт (E) играют важную роль в связывании рецепторов, синтезе мембраны, созревании частиц и нейтрализации антител. Чтобы понять, как эти белки влияют на распространение вируса и тропизм в мозгу, мы создали химериковый вирус, прикрывающий ПРМ и эктодомен Е от ТБЭВ на фоне низкопатогенного ви

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
UNLABELLED: Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a neurotropic flavivirus that causes thousands of human infections annually. Viral tropism in the brain is determined by the presence of necessary receptors, entry factors, and the ability of the virus to overcome host defenses. The viral structural proteins, pre-membrane (prM), and envelope (E) play an imp…

Rectal Tropism: An Extremely Rare Case of Prostate Cancer Recurrence With Metastasis to the Rectum Postradical Prostatectomy.

Prostate cancer is the most common noncutaneous cancer affecting men in the United States. It is a slow-growing tumor that can be missed during the nascent phase. Prostate cancer commonly metastasizes to the bones and nearby lymph nodes. However, cases of metastatic prostate cancer to the rectum are exceptionally rare. Such metastases may cause obstructive or malabsorption symptoms similar to those observed in primary rectal carcinoma. We present a very rare case of prostate cancer recurrence with rectal metastasis in an elderly male with a history of castration-resistant prostate carcinoma st

Deciphering the Tissue Tropism of the RNA Viromes Harbored by Field-Collected Anopheles sinensis and Culex quinquefasciatus.

Arboviruses and insect-specific viruses (ISVs) are two major types of viruses harbored by mosquitoes that are distinguished by the involvement of vertebrate hosts in their transmission cycles. While intensive studies have focused on the transmission, tissue tropism, and evolution of arboviruses, these characteristics are poorly investigated in ISVs, which dominate the mosquito virome. Therefore, in this study, we collected two mosquito species, Anopheles sinensis and Culex quinquefasciatus, in the field and used a metatranscriptomics approach to characterize their RNA viromes in different tiss…

Tissue Tropisms and Transstadial Transmission of a Rickettsia Endosymbiont in the Highland Midge, Culicoides impunctatus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae).

Rickettsia is a genus of intracellular bacteria which can manipulate host reproduction and alter sensitivity to natural enemy attack in a di … on electron microscopy (TEM) screening, this study describes the pattern of Torix Rickettsia tissue tropisms in the highland midge, Culicoides impunctatus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Of note is the high intensity of infection of the ovarian suspensory ligament, suggestive of a novel germ line targeting strategy. Additionally, localization of the symbiont …

Tracking Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara in the Chicken Embryo: In Vivo Tropism and Pathogenesis of Egg Infections.

The Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is a highly attenuated vaccinia virus serving as a promising vector vaccine platform to develop vaccines against infectious diseases. In contrast to the well-established replication deficiency and safety of MVA in mammals, much less is known about MVA infection in avian hosts. Here, we used a recombinant MVA expressing fluorescent reporter proteins under transcriptional control of specific viral early and late promoters to study in vivo tropism, distribution, and pathogenesis of MVA infections in embryonated chicken eggs. The chorioallantoic membrane (C…

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense Infections in Mice Lead to Tropism to the Reproductive Organs, and Horizontal and Vertical Transmission.

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, transmitted by the tsetse fly, is the main causative agent of Human African trypanosomosis in West Africa and poses a significant health risk to 70 million people. Disease progression varies depending on host immunity, but usually begins with a haemo-lymphatic phase, followed by parasite invasion of the central nervous system. In the current study, the tropism of T. b. gambiense 1135, causing a low level chronic 'silent' infection, was monitored in a murine model using bioluminescence imaging and PCR. A tropism to the reproductive organs, in addition to the centra…

Tissue invasion by Entamoeba histolytica: evidence of genetic selection and/or DNA reorganization events in organ tropism.

Entamoeba histolytica infection may have various clinical manifestations. Nine out of ten E. histolytica infections remain asymptomatic, whi … results suggest either that E. histolytica subpopulations in the same infection show varying organ tropism, or that a DNA reorganization event takes place prior to or during metastasis from intestine to liver.

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Tropism Mediated Targeting of Breast Cancer Stem Cells via Alteration of Tumor Immune-Microenvironment.

The ontogenic development of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) occurs across diverse niches, with HSCs migrating from the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) to the fetal liver and finally residing in the bone marrow after birth, where adult HSCs replenish the hematopoietic system. The HSC niche critically regulates tropism and proliferation via factors secreted by the microenvironment interaction. Here, we hypothesized that HSCs display tropism toward the aggressive cancer stem cell (CSC) niches of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and MCF-7 cells breast cancer, which exhibit high relapse rates an…

Circulating monocytes from aseptic loosening patients exhibit enhanced tropism toward periprosthetic tissues in NOD-SCID mouse model.

Aseptic loosening (AL) remains the leading cause of implant failure after arthroplasty and is driven by chronic periprosthetic inflammation induced by particulate wear debris. Circulating monocytes contribute to this process by homing to inflamed periprosthetic tissues and propagating osteolytic inflammation. However, it remains unclear whether their enhanced recruitment reflects local chemoattractant signals alone or a state of systemic immune priming. To investigate the homing and migratory capacity of circulating monocytes from patients with aseptic loosening toward inflammatory periprosthe

Divergent tissue tropism and pathogenicity of novel recombinant GI-19 and GI-22 infectious bronchitis virus strains.

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a highly contagious pathogen in poultry that causes significant economic losses worldwide. In this stud … assessment in specific-pathogen-free chickens showed that CK/CH/MY/24053 primarily exhibited kidney tropism, resulting in pronounced renal lesions and high viral loads in the kidneys, whereas CK/CH/SC/25605 predominantly targeted the respiratory tract, causing severe tracheal and pulmonary lesions and a higher mortality rate compared with typical QX strai …

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm: ontogeny, immunophenotype, genetics and epigenetics, immune dysregulation, skin tropism and therapeutic implications.

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare, highly aggressive hematologic malignancy characterized by frequent cutaneous … tabilize malignant identity. A defining clinical and biological feature of BPDCN is its marked skin tropism, mediated by aberrant expression of adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors and shaped by ultraviolet light-associated mutational selection within the cutaneous microenvironment. This review integrates the current knowledge of BPDCN ontogeny, mor …

Mammary Gland Tropism and Milk-Mediated Transmission of H5N1 in Dairy Cattle: Implications for One Health Surveillance.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus (H5N1 HPAIV) has long circulated in wild waterfowl and poultry and continues to cross species b … shedding, and transmission remains to be established. Future priorities include clarifying mammary tropism and transmission dynamics, while strengthening diagnostics, farm biosecurity, vaccination, evaluating cattle vaccination strategies, and integrated One Health surveillance.