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Phylogeny of the genus flavivirus using complete coding sequences of arthropod-borne viruses and viruses with no known vector.

Attempts to define the evolutionary relationships and origins of viruses in the genus Flavivirus are hampered by the lack of genetic information particularly amongst the non-vectored flaviviruses. Using a novel protocol for sequence determination, the first complete coding sequence of St Louis encephalitis virus and those of two representative non-vectored flaviviruses, Rio Bravo (isolated from bat) and Apoi (isolated from rodent), are reported. The encoded polyproteins of Rio Bravo and Apoi virus are the smallest described to date within the genus FLAVIVIRUS: The highest similarities with oth…

Myositis in mice following intramuscular injection of viruses of the mouse encephalomyelitis group and of certain other neurotropic viruses.

A study has been made of the local effects following intramuscular injection of various neurotropic viruses. Early massive necrosis of muscle fibers accompanied by edema and acute inflammatory reaction is produced by Jungeblut's SK virus even in low concentrations. Similar but more slowly developing lesions follow the introduction of mouse encephalomyelitis GD-VII and FA strains. Strain 4727 (TO type) produces inflammatory changes with fibrosis in the intermuscular septa and necrosis of scattered individual fibers. The relatively avirulent FV strain (TO type) was not pathogenic for skeletal mu…

Elimination of viruses (human immunodeficiency, hepatitis B, vesicular stomatitis and Sindbis viruses) from an intravenous immunoglobulin preparation.

More than 10(4) plaque-forming units (pfu)/ml of HIV are inactivated during the alcohol fractionation step from plasma to fraction (Fr)-II+I … w ionic strength was found to be effective for the elimination of greater than 10(5) units of other viruses, including hepatitis B, vesicular stomatitis and Sindbis viruses.

[Analysis of cultures infected by vaccinal strains of viruses for detecting in them the integrated genome of these viruses (author's transl)].

White mice of 10-12 g were immunized with one of the three virus vaccines (vaccines against poliomyelitis, measles, smallpox) at various intervals. Poliovirus type II and measles virus, Edmonston strain, were labeled in tissue culture with 3H-uridine (30/uCi/ml). Smallpox virus (rabbit strain) was labeled with 3H-thymidine (30/uCi per ml) also in tissue culture. After purification and concentration of labeled poliomyelitis and measles viruses, viral RNA was isolated by double extraction with phenol, and precipitation with alcohol to which a yeast RNA-carrier was added. Isolation of 3H-thymidin…

Non-coding RNA-mediated tug-of-war between emerging viruses and host antiviral defense: lessons from animal viruses.

Emerging animal viruses pose persistent threats to livestock breeding and public health, underscoring the need for a deeper understanding of virus-host interactions. Nevertheless, the regulatory roles and conserved mechanisms of host non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) during animal virus infections remain fragmented, and ncRNA-mediated mechanisms for emerging animal viruses are particularly poorly characterized, with no systematic collation or theoretical summarization available. Studies indicate that ncRNAs, including miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, have emerged as important regulators of the interplay …

Temporal proteomic analyses of human lung cells distinguish high pathogenicity influenza viruses and coronaviruses from low pathogenicity viruses.

Newly re-emerging viruses are of significant global concern. In late 2019, a new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, emerged in China and soon spread worldwide, causing the COVID-19 pandemic, which to date has caused >6 M deaths. There has been a wealth of studies on this new virus since its emergence. The coronaviruses consist of many animal and human pathogens, with some of the human coronavirus, such as strain OC43, normally causing only mild cold-like symptoms. Viruses usurp host cellular processes to successfully replicate. We used tandem mass tag mass spectrometry-based proteomic analyses of human …

Oncolytic Viruses for Cancer Therapy in Dogs.

Cancer remains the leading cause of death in domestic dogs. Conventional therapeutic approaches, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, frequently fail to achieve sustained remission or stabilization. Oncolytic virotherapy, a rapidly advancing therapeutic modality in human oncology, is emerging as a novel strategy in veterinary medicine. This systematic review summarizes current knowledge on the application of oncolytic viruses (OVs) in canine cancer treatment, focusing on their mechanisms of action, safety profiles, and clinical efficacy. We evaluate diverse OV platforms, includin…

The first RNA viruses detected in a trypanosome.

BACKGROUND: Trypanosomatids are parasitic flagellates best known for human pathogens causing sleeping sickness, Chagas disease, and leishmaniasis. RNA viruses infecting these protists have recently gained attention for their role in disease severity. While numerous such viruses have been described in Leishmania and several other trypanosomatid genera, none has previously been documented in the iconic genus Trypanosoma. RESULTS: We report the first discovery and molecular characterization of RNA viruses in trypanosomes, identifying a leishmaniavirus and two narnaviruses in a single strain of T…

Revealing Reassortment in Influenza A Viruses with TreeSort.

Reassortment among influenza A viruses (IAV) facilitates evolution and has been associated with interspecies transmission and pandemics. We introduce a novel tool called TreeSort that accurately identifies recent and ancestral reassortment events on datasets with thousands of IAV whole genomes. TreeSort uses the phylogeny of a selected IAV segment as a reference and finds the branches on the phylogeny where reassortment has occurred with high probability. The tool reports the particular gene segments that were involved in reassortment and how different they are from prior gene pairings. Using …

Antiviral effects of flavonoids on animal viruses.

Flavonoids, plant-derived compounds widely recognized for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties, also exhibit significant antiviral effects against various animal viruses. This review highlights the promising antiviral mechanisms of flavonoids, which include disrupting viral replication, blocking cell entry, and modulating immune responses. Notably, flavonoids like quercetin, kaempferol, and genistein have been shown to effectively inhibit viruses of veterinary importance, such as African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV), Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV), and Infectious…

Вирусы и "Мозг-отношение к беде".

Неврологические расстройства, некоторые из которых связаны с вирусными инфекциями, растут из-за старения и увеличения численности населения. Несмотря на крепкую защиту центральной нервной системы, некоторые вирусы эволюционировали, чтобы пробить их, что часто приводит к ужасным последствиям. В этом обзоре мы рассказываем о различных способах проникновения различных вирусов в ЦНС и о последствиях таких вторжений. Последствия могут проявляться в виде острых заболеваний, таких, как энцефалит, менингит, или приводить к долгосрочным последствиям, таким, как нервно - мышечная дисфункция, как это име

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Neurological disorders, some of which are associated with viral infections, are growing due to the aging and expanding population. Despite strong defenses of the central nervous system, some viruses have evolved ways to breach them, which often result in dire consequences. In this review, we recount the various ways by which different viruses can enter the C…

The impact of arthritogenic viruses in oral tissues.

Arthritis and periodontitis are inflammatory diseases that share several immunopathogenic features. The expansion in the study of virus-induced arthritis has shed light on how this condition could impact other parts of the human body, including the mouth. Viral arthritis is an inflammatory joint disease caused by several viruses, most notably the alphaviruses Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Sindbis virus (SINV), Ross River virus (RRV), Mayaro virus (MAYV), and O'nyong'nyong virus (ONNV). These viruses can induce an upsurge of matrix metalloproteinases and immune-inflammatory mediators such as Inter…

Zoonosis and zooanthroponosis of emerging respiratory viruses.

Lung infections in Influenza-Like Illness (ILI) are triggered by a variety of respiratory viruses. All human pandemics have been caused by the members of two major virus families, namely Orthomyxoviridae (influenza A viruses (IAVs); subtypes H1N1, H2N2, and H3N2) and Coronaviridae (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2). These viruses acquired some adaptive changes in a known intermediate host including domestic birds (IAVs) or unknown intermediate host (SARS-CoV-2) following transmission from their natural reservoirs (e.g. migratory birds or bats, respectively). Verily, …

Ecology and evolution of avian influenza viruses.

Four types of influenza virus have been identified in nature: influenza A, B, and C viruses are capable of infecting humans, and influenzas A and B cause annual epidemics (seasonal flu) in humans; however, influenza D is currently known to infect only pigs and cattle. The influenza A viruses (IAVs) are of greatest importance to humans, causing widespread significant morbidity and mortality, and have been responsible for at least five pandemics documented since the beginning of the 20th century (Table 1). The H1N1 and H3N2 IAVs continue to circulate in humans as seasonal influenza. In addition …

Vaccines for Respiratory Viruses-COVID and Beyond.

The COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic had an extensive impact on global morbidity and mortality. Several other common respiratory viruses, such as the influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), are endemic or epidemic agents causing acute respiratory infections that are easily transmissible and pose a significant threat to communities due to efficient person-to-person transmission. These viruses can undergo antigenic variation through genetic mutations, resulting in the emergence of novel strains or variants, thereby diminishing the effectiveness of current vaccines, and…