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LAMP5 modulates IRF4 stability and nuclear transport: a critical mechanism in myeloma progression and therapy.

Multiple myeloma is a malignant hematopoietic neoplasm characterized by unclear molecular mechanisms and lack of highly effective targeted therapies for clinical application. Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) is a well-known core transcription factor that regulates the progression of myeloma, but the molecular mechanisms underlying its protein homeostasis regulation are unknown. Our research shows that lysosomal-associated membrane protein 5 (LAMP5) interacts with IRF4 and prevents its degradation through the autophagy-lysosome pathway, thereby facilitating the progression of myeloma. Addi

Protein-Based Adjuvants for Vaccines as Immunomodulators of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Response: Current Knowledge, Challenges, and Future Opportunities.

New-generation vaccines, formulated with subunits or nucleic acids, are less immunogenic than classical vaccines formulated with live-attenuated or inactivated pathogens. This difference has led to an intensified search for additional potent vaccine adjuvants that meet safety and efficacy criteria and confer long-term protection. This review provides an overview of protein-based adjuvants (PBAs) obtained from different organisms, including bacteria, mollusks, plants, and humans. Notably, despite structural differences, all PBAs show significant immunostimulatory properties, eliciting B-cell- a

FDA-Approved Small Molecule Compounds as Drugs for Solid Cancers from Early 2011 to the End of 2021.

Solid cancers are the most common types of cancers diagnosed globally and comprise a large number of deaths each year. The main challenge currently in drug development for tumors raised from solid organs is to find more selective compounds, which exploit specific molecular targets. In this work, the small molecule drugs registered by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for solid cancers treatment between 2011 and 2022 were identified and analyzed by investigating a type of therapy they are used for, as well as their structures and mechanisms of action. On average, 4 new small molecule agent

mRNA vaccine development and applications: A special focus on tumors (Review).

Cancer is characterized by unlimited proliferation and metastasis, and traditional therapeutic strategies usually result in the acquisition of drug resistance, thus highlighting the need for more personalized treatment. mRNA vaccines transfer the gene sequences of exogenous target antigens into human cells through transcription and translation to stimulate the body to produce specific immune responses against the encoded proteins, so as to enable the body to obtain immune protection against said antigens; this approach may be adopted for personalized cancer therapy. Since the recent coronaviru

Osteoporosis Drug Treatment Update.

The Brazilian population is aging and the prevalence of chronic degenerative diseases, including osteoporosis, is increasing. The diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis have made significant advances in the last decade. The orthopedist and traumatologist can no longer be detained only in the surgical treatment of osteoporotic fracture. It is extremely important that we know: 1) what risk factors to evaluate, and the Fracture Risk Assesment Tool (FRAX) can be used; 2) which complementary tests should be requested, such as densitometry, radiography of the spine and pelvis, blood and urine tests

Genome Editing Approaches with CRISPR/Cas9 for Cancer Treatment: Critical Appraisal of Preclinical and Clinical Utility, Challenges, and Future Research.

The increasing burden on human malignant diseases became a major concern for healthcare practitioners, that must deal with tumor relapse and the inability to efficiently treat metastasis, in addition to side effects. Throughout the decades, many therapeutic strategies have been employed to improve the clinical outcomes of cancer patients and great efforts have been made to develop more efficient and targeted medicines. The malignant cell is characterized by genetic and epigenetic modifications, therefore targeting those specific drivers of carcinogenesis is highly desirable. Among the genome e

Myeloperoxidase creates a permissive microenvironmental niche for the progression of multiple myeloma.

Expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO), a key inflammatory enzyme restricted to myeloid cells, is negatively associated with the development of solid tumours. Activated myeloid cell populations are increased in multiple myeloma (MM); however, the functional consequences of myeloid-derived MPO within the myeloma microenvironment are unknown. Here, the role of MPO in MM pathogenesis was investigated, and the capacity for pharmacological inhibition of MPO to impede MM progression was evaluated. In the 5TGM1-KaLwRij mouse model of myeloma, the early stages of tumour development were associated with a

Real-world use of pegylated erythropoietin in CKD-related anemia: an Indian modified Delphi consensus.

Anemia is a common and clinically significant complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD), contributing to impaired quality of life, increased cardiovascular risk, and higher mortality. Although erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) remain the cornerstone of anemia management, conventional short- and intermediate-acting ESAs are associated with frequent dosing requirements, treatment burden, and variability in haemoglobin (Hb) control. Methoxy polyethylene glycol epoetin beta (MPG-EPO; PegEPO), a long-acting ESA with an extended half-life, enables less frequent administration and may offer

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… In ESAs, one of the most common adverse effects is injection site reactions. Adherence to subcutaneously administered therapies may be adversely affected by frequent injections and injection-site reactions, such as pain. Decreasing the frequency of administration improves adherence. …

Nanomedicine: Principles, Properties, and Regulatory Issues.

Several scientific areas have benefited significantly from the introduction of nanotechnology and the respective evolution. This is especially noteworthy in the development of new drug substances and products. This review focuses on the introduction of nanomedicines in the pharmaceutical market, and all the controversy associated to basic concepts related to these nanosystems, and the numerous methodologies applied for enhanced knowledge. Due to the properties conferred by the nanoscale, the challenges for nanotechnology implementation, specifically in the pharmaceutical development of new dru

Assessing Efgartigimod (VYVGART™) Social Media Posts in Generalized Myasthenia Gravis to Understand Patient, Caregiver, and Health Care Professional Sentiments.

INTRODUCTION: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by fluctuating muscle weakness (ocular, bulbar, limb, and respiratory). Efgartigimod (VYVGART), a first-in-class neonatal Fc receptor antagonist, was approved for treatment of generalized MG (gMG). This study aimed to explore real-world sentiments, wherein in sentiments refer to real-world perceptions expressed by patients, caregivers, and healthcare professionals (HCPs) on VYVGART and VYVGART Hytrulo, through structured social media analysis. METHODS: This social media listening study was design

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… For VYVGART Hytrulo, injection site reactions 1% (9 posts) were the most frequently reported side effect. …

Rhabdomyolysis secondary to COVID-19 infection and vaccination: a review of literature.

Rhabdomyolysis (RML), characterized by the breakdown of skeletal muscle fibers and the release of muscle contents into the bloodstream, has emerged as a notable complication associated with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and vaccination. Studies have reported an increased incidence of RML in individuals with severe COVID-19 infection. However, the exact mechanisms remain unclear and are believed to involve the host's immune response to the virus. Furthermore, RML has been documented as a rare adverse event following COVID-19 vaccination, particularly with mRNA vaccines. Proposed

Неинвазивный визуальный тета модифицирует связанные с миэлином и функциональные результаты в модели демиэлирования, вызванной LPC.

Демиелинация является отличительной чертой различных нейродегенеративных заболеваний, включая множественный склероз (MS), приводящий к поврежденной нейронной трансмиссии и дефициту двигателя. Модель демиелинации, вызванная лизофоспатидилхолином (LPC), широко используется, поскольку она отражает многие аспекты демиелинизирующей патологии. В ходе этого исследования было изучено, как неинвазивное воздействие 4 Гц на визуальную осцилляцию тета, вызванную ЛПК, влияет на обезвоживание в оптическом хиазме самцов мышей C57BL/6J. Мыши ежедневно получали одночасовые сеансы стимуляции 4 Гц в течение двух

Cutting edge of immune response and immunosuppressants in allogeneic and xenogeneic islet transplantation.

As an effective treatment for diabetes, islet transplantation has garnered significant attention and research in recent years. However, immune rejection and the toxicity of immunosuppressive drugs remain critical factors influencing the success of islet transplantation. While immunosuppressants are essential in reducing immune rejection reactions and can significantly improve the survival rate of islet transplants, improper use of these drugs can markedly increase mortality rates following transplantation. Additionally, the current availability of islet organ donations fails to meet the demand

Antibodies to watch in 2026.

The Antibodies to Watch article series provides annual updates on commercial late-stage clinical development, regulatory review, and marketing approvals of antibody therapeutics. Since the first article was published in 2010, the late-stage pipeline has grown from 26 antibody therapeutics to over 200, while during the same time numerous molecules in late-stage studies either transitioned to regulatory review and were approved or were terminated. In this installment of the series, we recap first marketing approvals granted to 19 antibody therapeutics in 2025, discuss 26 molecules currently in r

Harnessing the Potential of Enzymes as Inhaled Therapeutics in Respiratory Tract Diseases: A Review of the Literature.

Respiratory tract diseases (RTDs) are a global cause of mortality and affect patient well-being and quality of life. Specifically, there is a high unmet need concerning respiratory tract infections (RTIs) due to limitations of vaccines and increased antibiotic resistance. Enzyme therapeutics, and in particular plant-based enzymes, represent an underutilised resource in drug development warranting further attention. This literature review aims to summarise the current state of enzyme therapeutics in medical applications, with a focus on their potential to improve outcomes in RTDs, including RTI

Hematopoietic stem cell mobilization for allogeneic stem cell transplantation by motixafortide, a novel CXCR4 inhibitor.

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… Twenty-five of 25 donors reported at least 1 AE, with the most common nonhematologic AEs being transient grade 1 injection site reactions (20/25), including pain, erythema, and hives. …

Targeted Delivery Strategies for Multiple Myeloma and Their Adverse Drug Reactions.

Currently, multiple myeloma (MM) is a prevalent hematopoietic system malignancy, known for its insidious onset and unfavorable prognosis. Recently developed chemotherapy drugs for MM have exhibited promising therapeutic outcomes. Nevertheless, to overcome the shortcomings of traditional clinical drug treatment, such as off-target effects, multiple drug resistance, and systemic toxicity, targeted drug delivery systems are optimizing the conventional pharmaceuticals for precise delivery to designated sites at controlled rates, striving for maximal efficacy and safety, presenting a promising appr

Уникальные диагностические и терапевтические функции порфиринов и фтальокянинов в области фотодинамической терапии, визуализации и термостимы.

Порфиринические молекулы играют уникальную тераностическую роль в лечении болезней; они используются для отображения, обнаружения и лечения различных форм заболевших тканей, в том числе в связи с возрастной маркулярной дегенерацией и рядом различных видов рака. В настоящее время основное внимание уделяется клинической съемке опухолей; целенаправленной доставке фотосенитеров и потенциалу фотоэнцедентов в мультимодальных биомедицинских наноплатформах. В настоящем Обзоре подчеркиваются роли порфириновых молекул в области съемки и пдта, а также исследования по совершенствованию их селективного пог

Ведомые АПРЕЛЬ БКМА/ТАКИ двойные целевые лиганды-наркотики для селективной и мощной терапии множественной миеломы.

Антиген созревания клеток B (BCMA) в значительной степени проявляется в злокачественных плазменных клетках и является идеальной терапевтической целью в множестве миеломы (MM). Однако эффективность лечения, ориентированного на BCMA, часто ограничивается регулированием деградации антигенов и выходом из опухоли. В этой связи мы представляем информацию о разработке двухцелевого лиганда-наркотика (НРС), использующего подпитывающий распространение лиган (АПРИЛ), естественного лиганда как для BCMA, так и для трансмембранового активатора, а также кальция-модулятора и циклофилина лиганда (TACI). Такая

European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

UnlabelledGuidance is provided in a European setting on the assessment and treatment of postmenopausal women at risk of fractures due to osteoporosis.IntroductionThe International Osteoporosis Foundation and European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis published guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in 2008. This manuscript updates these in a European setting.MethodsSystematic literature reviews.ResultsThe following areas are reviewed: the role of bone mineral density measurement for the diagnosis of osteoporosis and assessment of fr