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Developments in nanotechnology approaches for the treatment of solid tumors.

Nanotechnology has revolutionized cancer therapy by introducing advanced drug delivery systems that enhance therapeutic efficacy while reducing adverse effects. By leveraging various nanoparticle platforms-including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and inorganic nanoparticles-researchers have improved drug solubility, stability, and bioavailability. Additionally, new nanodevices are being engineered to respond to specific physiological conditions like temperature and pH variations, enabling controlled drug release and optimizing therapeutic outcomes. Beyond drug delivery, nanotechnology pla

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… (b) Polymeric systems lack synthesis reproducibility due to structural diversities, which require distinct production protocols; micelles may disassemble upon dilution (i.e., low critical micelle concentration) and according to environmental conditions (pH, temperature), leading to premature drug release … Finally, polymeric nanoparticles can be further categorized into different types of polymer combinations: polymersomes, dendrimers, and micelles. …

Pediatric Drug Development: Reviewing Challenges and Opportunities by Tracking Innovative Therapies.

The paradigm of pediatric drug development has been evolving in a "carrot-and-stick"-based tactic to address population-specific issues. However, the off-label prescription of adult medicines to pediatric patients remains a feature of clinical practice, which may compromise the age-appropriate evaluation of treatments. Therefore, the United States and the European Pediatric Formulation Initiative have recommended applying nanotechnology-based delivery systems to tackle some of these challenges, particularly applying inorganic, polymeric, and lipid-based nanoparticles. Connected with these, adv

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… The following sections will give a brief overview of the use of polymeric micelles and dendrimers in pediatric nanomedicine. 4.2.1. Polymeric Micelles Polymeric micelles ( Figure 7 ) exhibit versatile features as drug carriers and as active ingredients [ 194 , 195 ]. … To date, some polymeric micelles-based nanomedicines have reached the market, such as Genexol-PM ® , Nanoxel-PM TM , and Paclical ® [ 199 , 200 ]. …

Engineering precision nanoparticles for drug delivery.

In recent years, the development of nanoparticles has expanded into a broad range of clinical applications. Nanoparticles have been developed to overcome the limitations of free therapeutics and navigate biological barriers - systemic, microenvironmental and cellular - that are heterogeneous across patient populations and diseases. Overcoming this patient heterogeneity has also been accomplished through precision therapeutics, in which personalized interventions have enhanced therapeutic efficacy. However, nanoparticle development continues to focus on optimizing delivery platforms with a one-

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… Polymeric micelles can load various therapeutic types — from small molecules to proteins 35 — and have been used for the delivery of cancer therapeutics in clinical trials 42 . … For example, micelles deliver NPs more effectively to the nucleus, and thus the cell has fewer opportunities to acquire drug resistance 187 , 188 . …

Understanding DMG: current treatment options and prospective solutions using nanoparticles.

Diffuse Midline Gliomas (DMGs), which include the subset formerly known as Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG), are associated with an extremely poor prognosis and a five-year survival rate below 2-3%. The devastating prognosis stems from an inherently invasive nature, a deep, anatomically restricted location, rapid cellular drug efflux mediated by transporters such as P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2), and an immunologically "cold" microenvironment. Coupled with limited Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) permeability, these biological factors render conventio

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… This category includes micelles, liposomes, polymeric NPs, and dendrimers [ 137 ]. They are noted for their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ability to enable controlled drug release making them ideal for neuro-oncologic applications like drug delivery [ 138 ]. … Polymeric micelles are self-assembled amphiphilic copolymers that show significant promise—and in certain preclinical contexts, superior performance to other nanocarriers—due to their small size and structural stability. …

Plant-Derived Natural Products in Cancer Research: Extraction, Mechanism of Action, and Drug Formulation.

Cancer is one of the main causes of death globally and considered as a major challenge for the public health system. The high toxicity and the lack of selectivity of conventional anticancer therapies make the search for alternative treatments a priority. In this review, we describe the main plant-derived natural products used as anticancer agents. Natural sources, extraction methods, anticancer mechanisms, clinical studies, and pharmaceutical formulation are discussed in this review. Studies covered by this review should provide a solid foundation for researchers and physicians to enhance basi

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… Polymeric micelles of curcumin (Cur-M) introduced by Liu and co-workers were successful in halting the growth of breast tumors and spontaneous pulmonary metastasis [ 426 ]. Curcumin-poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (MPEG-PCL) micelles were useful in pulmonary carcinoma treatment [ 427 ]. … In another study, small sized curcumin loaded micelles were suggested to have better cytotoxic effect on the human colon carcinoma cells compared to larger micelles [ 428 ]. …

Revisiting Curcumin in Cancer Therapy: Recent Insights into Molecular Mechanisms, Nanoformulations, and Synergistic Combinations.

Curcumin has been extensively investigated as an anticancer agent, yet its clinical application remains constrained by low bioavailability, incomplete mechanistic understanding, and limited therapeutic optimization. In light of growing resistance to conventional chemotherapies and the demand for safer, multi-targeted agents, this review revisits curcumin with a contemporary lens. We critically evaluate the literature published since 2020, focusing on newly elucidated molecular mechanisms by which curcumin regulates tumor progression, including modulation of oncogenic signaling pathways (Wnt/β-

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… Block copolymers, which are composed of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic monomer units, are used to form polymeric micelles. Hydrophobic medications can be effectively incorporated into polymeric micelles, which have a core–shell structure. … The shell, made of hydrophilic polymers, provides steric protection to the micelles, preventing protein adsorption and the attachment of other adhesive cells. …

Anti-Cancer Research Progress of Triptolide: Mechanisms of Action, Structural Modifications, Nanodelivery Systems and Clinical Challenges.

Triptolide is a bioactive diterpenoid lactone from traditional Chinese medicine with notable anti-tumor, immunosuppressive, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its clinical utility is hampered by poor solubility, a narrow therapeutic index, and multi-organ toxicity. In response, extensive efforts have been made to improve its efficacy and safety profile. This review critically examines recent progress in Triptolide research, covering its mechanisms of action, derivative design, drug delivery systems, and cancer-specific applications. It also evaluates its clinical potential against panc

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… Polymeric Micelle Zhao et al developed a long-acting sustained release hydrogel, termed C16-N/DIR ( Figure 9A ), via a co-assembly strategy. The gel provided sustained drug release over 14 days without any sudden release. … Acute and subacute toxicity studies on triptolide and triptolide-loaded polymeric micelles following intravenous administration in rodents. Food Chem Toxicol. 2013;57:371–379. 75. Cheng YL, Ye JR, Lin DJ. Some toxicities of triptolide in mice and dogs (author’s transl). …

Эффективность Куркумина в нейродегенеративных болезнях: от фармакокинетических барьеров до передовых систем доставки.

Предыстория и цели: Основные нейродегенеративные заболевания (НД) - болезнь Альцгеймера (AD), болезнь Паркинсона (PD), множественный склероз (MS) и амиотропический боковой склероз (ALS) - создают растущее бремя для здоровья людей во всем мире при отсутствии доступных методов лечения, позволяющих вести борьбу с заболеваниями. Куркумин, полифенол из Curcuma longa, является многообещающим кандидатом из-за его плейотропного антиоксиданта, антивоспалительного и нейрозащитного профиля, наблюдаемого главным образом в доклинических моделях, но плохой оральной биодоступности ().<1%) и незначительное пр

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… Polymeric micelles, formed by the self-assembly of amphiphilic copolymers in aqueous solution, feature a hydrophobic core that solubilizes curcumin and a hydrophilic shell that confers steric stability and prolongs the blood circulation time. … Micelles composed of Pluronic ® , PEG-PLA, PEG-PCL, and mPEG-PLGA are the most extensively studied in the context of curcumin delivery, with documented increases in oral bioavailability, half-life, and brain distribution of curcumin compared to the native compound in animal models [ 11 , 34 ]. 4.3. …

Liposomes for the Treatment of Brain Cancer-A Review.

Due to their biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and surface-conjugation capabilities, liposomes are effective nanocarriers that can encapsulate chemotherapeutic drugs and facilitate targeted delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Additionally, strategies have been explored to synthesize liposomes that respond to internal and/or external stimuli to release their payload controllably. Although research into liposomes for brain cancer treatment is still in its infancy, these systems have great potential to fundamentally change the drug delivery landscape. This review paper attempts to consol

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… The loading of drugs into micelles can occur during their formation or at a later stage using methods such as dialysis or film hydration. Like liposomes, micelles can respond to both intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli [ 79 ]. … Liposomes have a high drug-loading capacity, unlike micelles and other nanocarriers, which have a lower drug capacity [ 126 ]. …

Controlled Drug Delivery Systems for Oral Cancer Treatment-Current Status and Future Perspectives.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which encompasses the oral cavity-derived malignancies, is a devastating disease causing substantial morbidity and mortality in both men and women. It is the most common subtype of the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), which is ranked the sixth most common malignancy worldwide. Despite promising advancements in the conventional therapeutic approaches currently available for patients with oral cancer, many drawbacks are still to be addressed; surgical resection leads to permanent disfigurement, altered sense of self and debilitating physiologica

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… Cisplatin was integrated into polymeric micelles through the polymer-metal complex formation between poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(glutamic acid) block copolymers and CDDP (NC-6004). The mean particle size of polymeric micelles (NC-6004) was 30 nm. … Also, static light scattering (SLS) measurement exhibited that there is no dissociation of cisplatin-loaded micelles upon dilution and the critical micelles concentration (CMC) was less than 5 × 10 −7 [ 100 , 103 ]. …

From Innate Immunity to Cancer Therapy: Antimicrobial Peptides as Emerging Anticancer Agents.

The potential for the use of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as anticancer agents has garnered much interest because of their selective cytotoxicity to tumor cells and ability to evade multidrug resistance mechanisms. AMPs are shorter cationic amphiphilic molecules, part of our innate immune system, with direct membrane-disruptive activity and immunomodulatory effects. Anticancer peptides (ACPs) can be derived from natural biophysical sources or synthetically engineered, taking advantage of the unique biophysical properties of cancer cell membranes to exert their anti-tumor activities rapidly an

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… Polymeric Micelles Polymeric micelles self-assemble from amphiphilic block copolymers into a core–shell nanostructure, where the hydrophobic core solubilizes lipophilic drugs and the hydrophilic shell prolongs systemic circulation; this architecture enhances the delivery of poorly soluble AMPs and strengthens … Micelles fabricated utilizing smart biomaterials have enabled the delivery of drugs in precise and programmable quantities and locations. …

Targeted Hybrid Nanocarriers as Co-Delivery Systems for Enhanced Cancer Therapy.

Hybrid nanocarriers have realized a growing interest in drug delivery research because of the potential of being able to treat, manage or cure diseases that previously had limited therapy or cure. Cancer is currently considered the second leading cause of death globally. This makes cancer therapy a major focus in terms of the need for efficacious and safe drug formulations that can be used to reduce the rate of morbidity and mortality globally. The major challenge encountered over the years with cancer chemotherapy is the non-selectivity of anticancer drugs, leading to severe adverse effects i

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… Synergistic antitumor efficacy mediated by liposomal co-delivery of polymeric micelles of vinorelbine and cisplatin in non-small cell lung cancer. Int J Nanomedicine. 2021;16:2357–72. doi: 10.2147/ijn.s290263. 21. Lin L, Fan Y, Gao F, Jin L, Li D, Sun W, et al. … Micelle-contained and PEGylated hybrid liposomes of combined gemcitabine and cisplatin delivery for enhancing antitumor activity. Int J Pharm. 2021;602:120619. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120619. 96. Kuroda S, Kagawa S, Fujiwara T. …

Recent advances in the bench-to-bedside translation of cancer nanomedicines.

Cancer remains a complex and challenging medical problem, driving extensive research efforts. Despite significant progress in understanding its genetic and molecular aspects, the quest for effective treatments continues. Nanomedicines have shown great potential for revolutionizing cancer treatment by offering targeted and controlled drug delivery, reducing side effects, and improving patient outcomes. Accordingly, nanomedicines have been the focus of extensive research and development for clinical translation. As of September 2024, a search on the ClinicalTrials.gov website using the term "nan

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… This advancement led to further innovations like polymeric NPs, dendrimers, and micelles, enhancing drug solubility, stability, and targeting 9 . Over the past few decades, research in cancer nanomedicine has achieved significant milestones ( Fig. 1 ). … For instance, a study on polymeric micelles in chemotherapy-resistant ovarian cancer reported increased drug accumulation in tumor tissues, effectively overcoming MDR and improving therapeutic outcomes 190 . …

Novel Strategies for Tumor Treatment: Harnessing ROS-Inducing Active Ingredients from Traditional Chinese Medicine Through Multifunctional Nanoformulations.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) encompass a diverse group of chemically reactive molecules or ions distinguished by their substantial oxidative potential. Empirical studies have shown that the targeted administration of high toxic concentrations of ROS can effectively induce tumor cell death in various types. Numerous bioactive ingredients derived from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), recognized for their ROS-inducing properties, have demonstrated significant anti-tumor activity. Nonetheless, their clinical application has been hindered by challenges such as low solubility, limited bioavailab

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… Various nanodrug delivery platforms, including liposomes, polymeric micelles, nanoparticles, nanogels, and nanoemulsions, have been employed to facilitate the targeted delivery of shikonin, thereby enhancing its anti-tumor efficacy. 139 For instance, the use of functional liposomes encapsulating shikonin … PEGylation of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles has been developed by Ren et al, facilitating the application of these nanoparticles in FI/MRI dual-modal imaging as well as targeted therapy in mice with pancreatic tumor xenografts. 146 Additionally, other researchers synthesized ROS/pH dual-sensitive polymer micelles …

Bone targeted nano-drug and nano-delivery.

There are currently no targeted delivery systems to satisfactorily treat bone-related disorders. Many clinical drugs consisting of small organic molecules have a short circulation half-life and do not effectively reach the diseased tissue site. This coupled with repeatedly high dose usage that leads to severe side effects. With the advance in nanotechnology, drugs contained within a nano-delivery device or drugs aggregated into nanoparticles (nano-drugs) have shown promises in targeted drug delivery. The ability to design nanoparticles to target bone has attracted many researchers to develop n

The potential anti-cancer effects of quercetin on blood, prostate and lung cancers: An update.

Cancer is caused by abnormal proliferation of cells and aberrant recognition of the immune system. According to recent studies, natural products are most likely to be effective at preventing cancer without causing any noticeable complications. Among the bioactive flavonoids found in fruits and vegetables, quercetin is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. This review aims to highlight the potential therapeutic effects of quercetin on some different types of cancers including blood, lung and prostate cancers.

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… NSCLC treatment in A-549 cells by Kangkang Li et al. this action resulted in efficient encapsulation of quercetin into mixed micelles until more than 85.7%. … A group of researchers investigated the therapeutic effect of new nano micelles loaded with QCT (M-QCTs) on refractory prostate cancer. They found that QCT was effectively encapsulated in micelles, increasing the drug’s solubility in water. …

Cannabidiol on the Path from the Lab to the Cancer Patient: Opportunities and Challenges.

Cannabidiol (CBD), a major non-psychotropic component of cannabis, is receiving growing attention as a potential anticancer agent. CBD suppresses the development of cancer in both in vitro (cancer cell culture) and in vivo (xenografts in immunodeficient mice) models. For critical evaluation of the advances of CBD on its path from laboratory research to practical application, in this review, we wish to call the attention of scientists and clinicians to the following issues: (a) the biological effects of CBD in cancer and healthy cells; (b) the anticancer effects of CBD in animal models and clin

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… Retention in tumors | Loading concentration Micelle size for EPR | [ 162 ] In vivo: Female Balb/c mice bearing 4T1 mammary carcinoma | i.v. … In this case, micelles were loaded with the synthetic cannabinoid WIN55,212-2. The average micelle size was 152 nm, ensuring their accumulation in the tumor by the EPR. WIN, being conjugated with the micellar system, efficiently inhibited tumor growth. …

Advancing Cancer-Targeted Nanotherapies with Tumor Homing Peptides.

The development of smart nanoparticles for precision medicine in anticancer drug delivery and controlled release has the potential to revolutionize cancer treatment. This progress is driven by expanding body of preclinical and early clinical studies on anticancer nanoparticles. Despite these advancements, a critical challenge remains achieving a selective and efficient tumor accumulation, along with effective extravasation and deep tissue penetration of nanoparticles into the tumor parenchyma. Affinity targeting strategies using ligands such as homing peptides and antibodies leverage molecular

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… Polymeric nanoparticles, including micelles and dendrimers, are engineered for controlled drug release and improved solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs, making them valuable for managing chronic diseases and neurological disorders. … For instance, Fang et al., developed doxorubicin-loaded polymeric micelles conjugated with the RGD peptide, demonstrating enhanced targeting and cytotoxicity in osteosarcoma models in vitro . …

Nanomaterials in gene therapy and genome editing: challenges and emerging directions.

Nanomaterials are redefining the landscape of gene and genome editing, yet their translation to clinical reality remains constrained by multiple unresolved challenges. While they provide structural and functional advantages for delivering nucleic acids and CRISPR/Cas systems across biological barriers, their behavior within living systems is often unpredictable, leading to issues such as off-target editing, immune activation, and inconsistent biodistribution. The design of nanocarriers, whether lipid-based, polymeric, inorganic, must therefore balance efficiency with safety, integrating physic

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… Dendrimers and micelles both rely on encapsulation and conjugation, providing high functionality and controlled release. … Polymeric micelles improve on traditional micelles by offering enhanced stability and biocompatibility but are still challenged by design complexity and targeting limits; they exhibit strong gene knockdown and silencing properties for drug and gene therapy, particularly in cancer and neurodegenerative …

Current Perspectives of the Applications of Polyphenols and Flavonoids in Cancer Therapy.

The development of anticancer therapies that involve natural drugs has undergone exponential growth in recent years. Among the natural compounds that produce beneficial effects on human health, polyphenols have shown potential therapeutic applications in cancer due to their protective functions in plants, their use as food additives, and their excellent antioxidant properties. The possibility of combining conventional drugs-which are usually more aggressive than natural compounds-with polyphenols offers very valuable advantages such as the building of more efficient anticancer therapies with l

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… For instance, micelles with encapsulated doxorubicin and honokiol allow a controlled drug co-delivery that inhibits the progression of breast cancer tumors and reduces the doxorubicin side effects when compared with the micelles without honokiol [ 53 ]. … Synergistically Enhanced Antimetastasis Effects by Honokiol-Loaded pH-Sensitive Polymer−Doxorubicin Conjugate Micelles. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 2018;10:18585–18600. doi: 10.1021/acsami.8b04854. 54. …