Результаты поиска

SmTRC1, a novel Schistosoma mansoni DNA transposon, discloses new families of animal and fungi transposons belonging to the CACTA superfamily.

BACKGROUND: The CACTA (also called En/Spm) superfamily of DNA-only transposons contain the core sequence CACTA in their Terminal Inverted Repeats (TIRs) and so far have only been described in plants. Large transcriptome and genome sequence data have recently become publicly available for Schistosoma mansoni, a digenetic blood fluke that is a major causative agent of schistosomiasis in humans, and have provided a comprehensive repository for the discovery of novel genes and repetitive elements. Despite the extensive description of retroelements in S. mansoni, just a single DNA-only transposon b

Plasmodium vivax: a monoclonal antibody recognizes a circumsporozoite protein precursor on the sporozoite surface.

The major surface circumsporozoite (CS) proteins are known to play a role in malaria sporozoite development and invasion of invertebrate and vertebrate host cells. Plasmodium vivax CS protein processing during mosquito midgut oocyst and salivary gland sporozoite development was studied using monoclonal antibodies which recognize different CS protein epitopes. Monoclonal antibodies which react with the CS amino acid repeat sequences by ELISA recognized a 50-kDa precursor protein in immature oocyst and additional 47- and 42-kDa proteins in older oocysts. A 42-kDa CS protein was detected after in

Prevalence of clinical malaria and associated symptoms in pregnant women at Hamusit health center, Northwest Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: Malaria is the disease caused by intracellular parasites known as Plasmodium species and is mainly transmitted by blood sucking female Anopheles mosquitoes. During pregnancy, malaria results in severe complications to the mother, the fetus and the newborn. Symptoms of malaria, such as fever, malaise, headache, nausea and vomiting, in pregnant women can be mistakenly attributed solely to pregnancy. In Ethiopia, the prevalence of malaria in asymptomatic pregnant women has been well documented. However, studies indicating the prevalence and clinical presentation of malaria in pregnant…

Fine-scale mapping of urban malaria exposure under data scarcity: an approach centred on vector ecology.

BACKGROUND: Although malaria transmission has experienced an overall decline in sub-Saharan Africa, urban malaria is now considered an emerg … ssion has long been confirmed. Urban malaria exposure was defined as the contact risk between adult Anopheles vectors (the hazard) and urban population and accounted for socioeconomic vulnerability by including the dimension of urban deprivation that is reflected in the morphology of the built-up fabric. Larval habitat suitability was mapped through a deduc …

Aspergillus terreus (Trichocomaceae): A Natural, Eco-Friendly Mycoinsecticide for Control of Malaria, Filariasis, Dengue Vectors and Its Toxicity Assessment Against an Aquatic Model Organism Artemia nauplii.

Vector-borne diseases like malaria, filariasis, and dengue are transmitted by mosquitoes and they cause global mortality and morbidity due to an increased resistance against commercial insecticides. The present study was aimed to evaluate the neurobehavioral toxicity, knock-down effect, histopathology, ovicidal, adulticidal, and smoke toxicity effect of Aspergillus terreus extract against three mosquito species, namely Anopheles stephensi, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). The isolated fungal strain was identified as A. terreus (GenBank accession no: KX694148.1) t…

Chikungunya fever, falciparum malaria, dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis... are we listening to the warning signs for public health in India?

The 2005-epidemic of Chikungunya fever highlights the weaknesses of public health in India. The failure to control mosquitoes, and the illnesses transmitted by them, has resulted in recurrent outbreaks all over the country. This is inevitable given the larger scenario: neglect of the basic requirements of health; poor political support for health; a weak public health capacity; centralised programmes for control based on selective interventions, and poorly-planned development projects which have created conditions ideal for the outbreak of disease. All these issues are concerns for public heal

Effect of artemether-lumefantrine policy and improved vector control on malaria burden in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

BACKGROUND: Between 1995 and 2000, KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa, experienced a marked increase in Plasmodium falciparum malaria, fuelled by pyrethroid and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance. In response, vector control was strengthened and artemether-lumefantrine (AL) was deployed in the first Ministry of Health artemisinin-based combination treatment policy in Africa. In South Africa, effective vector and parasite control had historically ensured low-intensity malaria transmission. Malaria is diagnosed definitively and treatment is provided free of charge in reasonably accessible pu

[Post-transfusion malaria: is the risk irreconciliable with biological silence?].

Despite the relatively high frequency of imported malaria in metropolitan France, the transmission of malaria by transfusion is exceptional. The screening of donations to determine those at risk is performed by an interview, and by the testing of serology for defined groups of donors. However, the exclusion of a candidate 'at risk' as a blood donor, by a pre-donation interview, is not completely mastered and the discrimination by biological examination lacks sensitivity, as much for methodological reasons as for reasons linked to the complex parasitic pathogenic agent (Plasmodium ssp.), as for

A research agenda for malaria eradication: drugs.

Antimalarial drugs will be essential tools at all stages of malaria elimination along the path towards eradication, including the early control or "attack" phase to drive down transmission and the later stages of maintaining interruption of transmission, preventing reintroduction of malaria, and eliminating the last residual foci of infection. Drugs will continue to be used to treat acute malaria illness and prevent complications in vulnerable groups, but better drugs are needed for elimination-specific indications such as mass treatment, curing asymptomatic infections, curing relapsing liver

Современные методы диагностики медицинских паразитов и артроподов

Обычные методы, такие, как микроскопия, используются для диагностики паразитических заболеваний и медицинских заболеваний, связанных с артроподами, на протяжении многих лет. Некоторые методы считаются золотыми. Однако их ограниченная чувствительность, специфичность и точность, а также потребность в дорогостоящих реагентах и высококвалифицированных технических специалистах являются критическими проблемами. В этой связи постоянно разрабатываются новые инструменты для уменьшения числа проблем. Недавно three Возникли самые современные методы: штрих-кодирование ДНК, геометрические морфометры и иску

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Many arthropods also play a critical role in human health, such as Insecta ( Anopheles spp. (Meigen) (Diptera: Culicidae), Cimex spp. … Mediannikov O. 16S Metagenomic comparison of Plasmodium falciparum -infected and noninfected Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus microbiota from Senegal Am. J. Trop Med. Hyg. 2018 99 1489 1498 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0263 30350766 PMC6283497 77. Hu Z. Weng X. Xu C. Lin Y. Cheng C. Wei H. Chen W. …

Mosquito- and biting-midge-borne arboviruses in Western Yunnan's border region, China.

BACKGROUND: Arboviruses that infect humans and other mammals pose significant public health challenges worldwide, particularly in developing … eniorhynchus dominated the mosquito populations in Mangshi (92.11%) and Yingjiang (97.23%), whereas Anopheles sinensis was predominant in Lushui (44.01%) and Tengchong (59.23%). Biting midge composition varied among regions, with Culicoides tainanus predominating in Mangshi (59.79%) and C. arakawai in Lushui (48.11%). In total, 189 viral strains representin …

Environmental Stress Causes Lethal Neuro-Trauma during Asymptomatic Viral Infections.

Asymptomatic infections often proceed undetected, yet can still prime the host to be sensitive to secondary environmental stress. While the mechanisms underlying disease caused by asymptomatic infections are unknown, it is believed that productive pathogen replication is required. We report that the environmental stress of carbon dioxide (CO2) anesthesia converts an asymptomatic rhabdovirus infection in Drosophila to one that is lethal. This lethality results from a pool of infectious virus in glial cells and is regulated by the antiviral RNAi pathway of the host. CO2 sensitivity is caused by

The impact of human reservoir of malaria at a community-level on individual malaria occurrence in a low malaria transmission setting along the Thai-Myanmar border.

BACKGROUND: The probability of contracting malaria in a given individual is determined not only by the individual's characteristics, but also the ecological factors that characterize the level of human-vector contact in the population. Examination of the relationship between "individual" and "supra-individual" variables over time is important for understanding the local malaria epidemiology. This is essential for planning effective intervention strategies specifically for each location. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted, which followed a community-cohort of about 3,500 resid

Mating patterns in malaria parasite populations of Papua New Guinea.

Description of the genetic structure of malaria parasite populations is central to an understanding of the spread of multiple-locus drug and vaccine resistance. The Plasmodium falciparum mating patterns from madang, Papua New Guinea, where intense transmission of malaria occurs, are described here. A high degree of inbreeding occurs in the absence of detectable linkage disequilibrium. This contrasts with other studies, indicating that the genetic structure of malaria parasite populations is neither clonal nor panmictic but will vary according to the transmission characteristics of the region.

Development of a new peptide-bead coupling method for an all peptide-based Luminex multiplexing assay for detection of Plasmodium falciparum antibody responses.

Using a recombinant protein antigen for antibody testing shows a sum of antibody responses to multiple different immune epitopes existing in … od was used to couple 12 peptide epitopes from multiple stage specific antigens of P. falciparum, 1 Anopheles mosquito salivary gland peptide, and 1 Epstein-Barr virus peptide as an assay control. The new method was applied to testing of IgG in pooled samples from 30 individuals with previously repeated malaria exposure in western Kenya and IgM and IgG in s …

Ivermectin treatment in humans for reducing malaria transmission.

BACKGROUND: Malaria is transmitted through the bite of Plasmodium-infected adult female Anopheles mosquitoes. Ivermectin, an anti-parasitic drug, acts by killing mosquitoes that are exposed to the drug while feeding on the blood of people (known as blood feeds) who have ingested the drug. This effect on mosquitoes has been demonstrated by individual randomized trials. This effect has generated interest in using ivermectin as a tool for malaria control. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of community administration of ivermectin on malaria transmission. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane …

INFRAVEC: research capacity for the implementation of genetic control of mosquitoes.

Mosquitoes represent a major and global cause of human suffering due to the diseases they transmit. These include parasitic diseases, i.e. m … significant advances have been made in understanding the biology, the genetics, and the ecology of Anopheles and Aedes mosquitoes paralleled by the development of new molecular tools for investigating gene function and mosquito ability to transmit parasite and viral diseases. They offer a compelling opportunity to design and validate new genetic vector con …