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[Neurobiology and pharmacotherapy of social phobia].

Social phobia (also known as social anxiety disorder) is still not clearly understood. It was not established as an authentic psychiatric en … re is growing evidence for the efficacy of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors fluvoxamine, fluoxetine, citalopram, paroxetine and sertraline. They have beneficial effects with response rates ranging from 50 to 80% in social phobia. It has been recommended that the treatment period should be extended at least 6 months beyond the early improvement ach …

Clinical innovations and future directions of nanoparticles in the treatment of psychiatric and neurological disorders.

Nanoparticles (NPs) provide a versatile toolkit for psychiatry and neurology by leveraging tunable size, surface chemistry, and payload control to overcome long-standing barriers in central nervous system (CNS) therapy. Lipid, polymeric, inorganic, and hybrid NPs can be engineered to traverse the blood-brain barrier (BBB) via receptor/transporter pathways, target specific cell types, and deliver sustained or stimuli-responsive release. Beyond drug delivery, NPs improve imaging, enable gene/RNA therapeutics, and support anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective strategies, advancing precision medic

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… For example, Jin et al. [ 96 ] developed a fluoxetine formulation using black phosphorus nanosheets that, under 808 nm NIR light, exhibits a photothermal effect to enhance BBB penetration, shortening onset and lowering systemic toxicity versus free fluoxetine. … In a complementary strategy, fluoxetine-loaded chitosan NPs improved cognition, increased BDNF levels, and reduced hippocampal demyelination in a rat model compared with fluoxetine alone [ 97 ]. …

Recent trends in specialty pharma business model.

The recent rise of specialty pharma is attributed to its flexible, versatile, and open business model while the traditional big pharma is facing a challenging time with patent cliff, generic threat, and low research and development (R&D) productivity. These multinational pharmaceutical companies, facing a difficult time, have been systematically externalizing R&D and some even establish their own corporate venture capital so as to diversify with more shots on goal, with the hope of achieving a higher success rate in their compound pipeline. Biologics and clinical Phase II proof-of-concept (POC

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… The expiration of Prozac (fluoxetine) patents in 2001 provides a telling example of the impact of patent expiration on brand company revenue [ 24 ]. … Five pharmaceutical companies received FDA approval letters with first-to-file exclusive rights to sell a different version of fluoxetine for 6 months. …

Adjuvant therapy with antidepressants for the management of inflammatory bowel disease.

BACKGROUND: Symptoms of anxiety and depression are common in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Antidepressants are taken by approximately 30 … study had co-morbid anxiety or depression. One study used duloxetine (60 mg daily), one study used fluoxetine (20 mg daily), one study used tianeptine (36 mg daily), and one study used various antidepressants in clinical ranges. Three studies had placebo controls and one study had a no treatment control group. One RCT was rated as low risk of bias and the o …

Epigenome-wide association study of depression symptomatology in elderly monozygotic twins.

Depression is a severe and debilitating mental disorder diagnosed by evaluation of affective, cognitive and physical depression symptoms. Severity of these symptoms strongly impacts individual's quality of life and is influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. One of the molecular mechanisms allowing for an interplay between these factors is DNA methylation, an epigenetic modification playing a pivotal role in regulation of brain functioning across lifespan. The aim of this study was to investigate if there are DNA methylation signatures associated with depression sympto

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… According to the Drug-Gene Interaction Database neither KLK8 nor DAZAP2 have any well-established drug interactions 136 , however, an antidepressant fluoxetine was reported before to alter expression of KLK8 in the mice hippocampus 137 . … Huang G-J Neurogenomic evidence for a shared mechanism of the antidepressant effects of exercise and chronic fluoxetine in mice PLoS ONE 2012 7 e35901 10.1371/journal.pone.0035901 22558262 PMC3338479 138. …

Drug Repurposing for Cancer Treatment: A Comprehensive Review.

Cancer ranks among the primary contributors to global mortality. In 2022, the global incidence of new cancer cases reached about 20 million, while the number of cancer-related fatalities reached 9.7 million. In Saudi Arabia, there were 13,399 deaths caused by cancer and 28,113 newly diagnosed cases of cancer. Drug repurposing is a drug discovery strategy that has gained special attention and implementation to enhance the process of drug development due to its time- and money-saving effect. It involves repositioning existing medications to new clinical applications. Cancer treatment is a therap

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… Repurposed Medications in the Treatment of Gastric Cancer (GC) Antidepressants Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) used to treat depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. … Fluoxetine suppresses cell proliferation in AGS GC cells and induces apoptosis, which is partially suppressed by the inhibition of the endoplasmic reticulum stress marker (CHOP). It also enhances apoptosis and autophagosome formation in AGS cells. …

Animal models of chemotherapy-induced cognitive decline in preclinical drug development.

RationaleChemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI), chemobrain, and chemofog are the common terms for mental dysfunction in a cancer patient/survivor under the influence of chemotherapeutics. CICI is manifested as short/long term memory problems and delayed mental processing, which interferes with a person's day-to-day activities. Understanding CICI mechanisms help in developing therapeutic interventions that may alleviate the disease condition. Animal models facilitate critical evaluation to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and form an integral part of verifying different treatment

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… Approaches to resume the BDNF levels in the brain by certain drugs such as antidepressants (Fluoxetine) have been discussed and provide their scope of implication as a therapeutic strategy for CICI (Das et al. 2020 ). …

From bench to bedside: the application of cannabidiol in glioma.

Glioma is the most common malignant tumor in central nervous system, with significant health burdens to patients. Due to the intrinsic characteristics of glioma and the lack of breakthroughs in treatment modalities, the prognosis for most patients remains poor. This results in a heavy psychological and financial load worldwide. In recent years, cannabidiol (CBD) has garnered widespread attention and research due to its anti-tumoral, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. This review comprehensively summarizes the preclinical and clinical research on the use of CBD in glioma therapy

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… For instance, antiepileptic drugs like clobazam and antidepressants such as fluoxetine depend on the CYP450 system for metabolism. Co-administration with CBD may lead to increased drug concentrations, thereby enhancing therapeutic effects or elevating the risk of side effects [ 108 , 109 ]. … Assessing the mechanism of fluoxetine-mediated CYP2D6 inhibition. Pharmaceutics. 2021;13(2):148. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020148. 110. Jouinot A, Royer B, Chatelut E, Moeung S, Assié G, Thomas-Schoemann A, et al. …

T-Type Calcium Channels: A Mixed Blessing.

The role of T-type calcium channels is well established in excitable cells, where they preside over action potential generation, automaticity, and firing. They also contribute to intracellular calcium signaling, cell cycle progression, and cell fate; and, in this sense, they emerge as key regulators also in non-excitable cells. In particular, their expression may be considered a prognostic factor in cancer. Almost all cancer cells express T-type calcium channels to the point that it has been considered a pharmacological target; but, as the drugs used to reduce their expression are not complete

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… angina, arrhythmias | [ 21 ] Efonidipine (Landel) | DHP | L- and T-type | Hypertension | [ 17 ] Ethosuximide (Zarontin) | Succimide | Cav3.1 | absence epilepsy | [ 20 ] Felodipine | DHP | L- and T-type | | [ 21 ] Flunarizine | Diphenyldiperazine derivative | T-type | Neuroepileptic agent | [ 22 ] Fluoxetine … T-type calcium channels are inhibited by fluoxetine and its metabolite norfluoxetine. Mol. Pharmacol. 2006;69:1963–1968. doi: 10.1124/mol.105.020842. 24. Sidach S.S., Mintz I.M. Kurtoxin, a gating modifier of neuronal high- and low-threshold ca channels. J. …

Преодоление разрыва в знаниях о беременности: реальный всемирный анализ потребления лекарств и риска взаимодействия наркотиков в болезни Крона и множественном склерозе.

Исключение беременных людей из клинических испытаний привело к значительному разрыву в уровне медицинских знаний для этого населения. Использование реальных данных (РВД) является важнейшим звеном в распространении и использовании лекарственных средств во время беременности. С помощью базы данных планов медицинского страхования " IQVIA Pharmetrics(R) Plus " мы провели оценку использования методов лечения заболеваний и сопутствующих лекарств у беременных. Мы сосредоточились на two примеры: болезнь Крона (CD) и множественный склероз (MS)-анализирующие пациенты с историей использования D

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… Sensitive | | | Azithromycin | 250 (5.7%) | 146 (6.0%) | Weak | | | Yes | Budesonide | 85 (1.9%) | | | Sensitive | | | Buspirone | 45 (1.0%) | 27 (1.1%) | | Sensitive | | | Diazepam | | 19 (0.8%) | | Moderate Sensitive | | | Fluconazole | 161 (3.6%) | 114 (4.7%) | Moderate | | | | Fluoxetine …

Нейрофильтрационная тяжелая цепочка в вторичном прогрессивном множественном склерозе.

Для отслеживания прогресса в испытаниях MS необходимы биомаркеры. Нейрофильтрационная тяжелая цепочка (NfH) используется недостаточно из-за ограничений на анализ. ЦЕЛЬ: Изучение дополнительной ценности церебрально-пинальной жидкости (CSF) NfH в вторичном прогрессивном множественном склерозе (SPMS) с использованием современных иммуномасс. Это исследовательское исследование было частью судебного процесса по делу MS-SMART. Клинические оценки (включая расширенную шкалу показателей инвалидности, функцию верхней и нижней частей конечностей, визуальную акумуляцию и проверку параметров символических з

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… The Multiple Sclerosis-Secondary Progressive Multi-Arm Randomization Trial (MS-SMART; NCT01910259 ) was a multi-arm, placebo-controlled trial investigating the neuroprotective role of amiloride, fluoxetine and riluzole in people with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS). 20 – 22 The trial …

Ocrelizumab-Induced Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Case Report.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an uncommon disorder marked by severe immune system dysfunction and excessive inflammation. Its clinical features often mimic those of severe sepsis, including persistent high fevers, multiorgan failure, cytopenia, and coagulation abnormalities. HLH can be triggered by infections, malignancies, rheumatological disorders, genetic factors, and medications, particularly those that cause immunosuppression. Ocrelizumab, an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis, has been associated with rare immune-mediated complications

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… Her regular medications included fluoxetine 20 mg OD, carbamazepine 100 mg PO OD, pregabalin 300 mg BD, folic acid 5 mg OD, omeprazole 20 mg OD, senna 15 mg OD, co-codamol 30/500 PRN QD, and Evorel Sequi topical (fortnightly). She had no known allergies except for Stemetil. …

Prevention of depression in adults with long-term physical conditions.

BACKGROUND: Major depression is one of the world's leading causes of disability in adults with long-term physical conditions compared to tho … d 837 participants comparing citalopram (one trial), escitalopram (three trials), a mixed sample of fluoxetine/nortriptyline (one trial), melatonin (one trial), milnacipran (one trial), and sertraline (three trials), each to placebo. Included types of long-term physical conditions were acute coronary syndrome (one trial), breast cancer (one trial), head and …

From Lab to Clinic: Success Stories of Repurposed Drugs in Treating Major Diseases.

Drug repurposing, the process of identifying new therapeutic uses for existing drugs, has emerged as a cost-effective and time-saving alternative to traditional drug development. This strategy leverages the known pharmacological and safety profiles of approved or investigational drugs to accelerate their clinical application for other diseases. In recent years, repurposed drugs have played a crucial role in addressing treatment gaps in complex and multifactorial diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and infectious diseases. This review highlights prominent examples where repurpo

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… . | [ 95 ] Psychiatric medications for neurological disorders | SSRIs and SNRIs | Depression | Potential neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects in conditions such as PD, AD and stroke | [ 96 ] Fluoxetine | Depression | Enhancing motor function and reducing neuroinflammation in PD models | [ 97 … For instance, fluoxetine (an SSRI) has exhibited promise in enhancing motor function and reducing neuroinflammation in PD models [ 97 , 98 ]. …

Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania.

BACKGROUND: Trichotillomania (TTM; hair-pulling disorder) is a prevalent and disabling disorder characterised by recurrent hair-pulling. Her … he SSRI group (5.1%) compared to the placebo group (0%) after 6 to 12 weeks, based on two trials of fluoxetine (RR 3.00, 95% CI 0.33 to 27.62; 2 studies, 78 participants; low-certainty evidence). Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) with predominantly serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) actions versus placebo in adults There may be greater treatment response in t …

A Single Center Study Investigating Clinical Outcomes of Testing for Multiple Myeloma and Immune Deficiency at Low Globulin Levels

Background Both primary (e.g. common variable immune deficiency, CVID) and secondary immune deficiency as well as multiple myeloma (MM) require medical intervention and treatment delay can exacerbate morbidity. This study investigated the potential importance of low levels of calculated globulin to detect immune deficiency and MM associated with immunoparesis (light chain, non-secretory MM). Methods One hundred and thirty-nine patient serum samples from community physicians and outpatient clinics for liver function tests with low calculated globulin (Results Approximately 47% of patients in th

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… The patient treatment included thyroxine, amlodipine, fluoxetine, warfarin, bisoprolol and simvastatin. The patient did not present with clinical symptoms of increased infection or night sweats and was assigned to monitoring. …

Ontology-based collection, representation and analysis of drug-associated neuropathy adverse events.

BackgroundNeuropathy often occurs following drug treatment such as chemotherapy. Severe instances of neuropathy can result in cessation of life-saving chemotherapy treatment.ResultsTo support data representation and analysis of drug-associated neuropathy adverse events (AEs), we developed the Ontology of Drug Neuropathy Adverse Events (ODNAE). ODNAE extends the Ontology of Adverse Events (OAE). Our combinatorial approach identified 215 US FDA-licensed small molecule drugs that induce signs and symptoms of various types of neuropathy. ODNAE imports related drugs from the Drug Ontology (DrON) wi

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… It is interesting that our results show 3 benzene drug compounds (i.e., fentanyl, sulfasalazine, and acetylsalicylic acid) and 3 other benzoid drug compounds (i.e., mitoxantrone, fluoxetine, and losartan) are also associated with neuropathy AEs. …

Advancing Medulloblastoma Treatment: Molecular Mechanisms, Drug Repurposing, and Precision Therapies.

Medulloblastomas are the most common malignant pediatric brain tumors, representing approximately 20% of the central nervous system cancers in children. These tumors are highly heterogeneous and classified into four molecular subgroups-WNT, SHH, Group 3, and Group 4-each with distinct genetic and epigenetic profiles that influence tumor behavior, therapeutic response, and patient outcomes. Advances in molecular diagnostics have improved the subclassification of medulloblastomas, yet treatment outcomes for high-risk subtypes, particularly Group 3, remain poor, with current modalities often asso

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… ROS, triggers apoptosis through PML degradation Effective in TP53-wildtype tumors, especially when combined with SMOi Phase II evidence Tamoxifen Inhibits PKCδ, blocks non-canonical SHH activation, modulates estrogen receptors Preclinical potential for tumors with SUFU mutations Preclinical studies Fluoxetine … Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, destabilizes MYC via HDAC6 inhibition, enhances autophagy, and reduces cancer stem cell viability, with synergy noted alongside BET inhibitors in preclinical models [ 80 ]. …

Drugs and Epigenetic Molecular Functions. A Pharmacological Data Scientometric Analysis.

Interactions of drugs with the classical epigenetic mechanism of DNA methylation or histone modification are increasingly being elucidated mechanistically and used to develop novel classes of epigenetic therapeutics. A data science approach is used to synthesize current knowledge on the pharmacological implications of epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Computer-aided knowledge discovery for epigenetic implications of current approved or investigational drugs was performed by querying information from multiple publicly available gold-standard sources to (i) identify enzymes involved in c

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… Fluoxetine Increases Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Induces Epigenetic Factors But Does Not Improve Functional Recovery after Traumatic Brain Injury. J. Neurotrauma. 2011;28:259–268. doi: 10.1089/neu.2010.1648. 67. Cassel S., Carouge D., Gensburger C., Anglard P., Burgun C., Dietrich J. … Fluoxetine and Cocaine Induce the Epigenetic Factors MeCP2 and MBD1 in Adult Rat Brain. Mol. Pharmacol. 2006;70:487–492. doi: 10.1124/mol.106.022301. 68. Schafer A., Schomacher L., Barreto G., Döderlein G., Niehrs C. …

Current Status of COVID-19 Therapies and Drug Repositioning Applications.

The rapid and global spread of a new human coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has produced an immediate urgency to discover promising targets for the treatment of COVID-19. Drug repositioning is an attractive approach that can facilitate the drug discovery process by repurposing existing pharmaceuticals to treat illnesses other than their primary indications. Here, we review current information concerning the global health issue of COVID-19 including promising approved drugs and ongoing clinical trials for prospective treatment options. In addition, we describe computational approaches to be used in dru

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… Hypertension Spironolactone Aldactone, others Potassium-sparing diuretic Hypertension Bromhexine Bisolvon, others Increasing lysosomal activity Mucolytic Dornase alfa Pulmozyme Recombinant human deoxyribonuclease I Cystic fibrosis Dexmedetomidine Precedex Selective alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist Sedation Fluoxetine … | Aldactone, others | Potassium-sparing diuretic | Hypertension Bromhexine | Bisolvon, others | Increasing lysosomal activity | Mucolytic Dornase alfa | Pulmozyme | Recombinant human deoxyribonuclease I | Cystic fibrosis Dexmedetomidine | Precedex | Selective alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist | Sedation Fluoxetine …