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Acoustically-Activated Liposomal Nanocarriers to Mitigate the Side Effects of Conventional Chemotherapy with a Focus on Emulsion-Liposomes.

To improve currently available cancer treatments, nanomaterials are employed as smart drug delivery vehicles that can be engineered to locally target cancer cells and respond to stimuli. Nanocarriers can entrap chemotherapeutic drugs and deliver them to the diseased site, reducing the side effects associated with the systemic administration of conventional anticancer drugs. Upon accumulation in the tumor cells, the nanocarriers need to be potentiated to release their therapeutic cargo. Stimulation can be through endogenous or exogenous modalities, such as temperature, electromagnetic irradiati

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… Gao et al. enhanced the ultrasonic sensitivity of DOX micelles by incorporating perfluoropentane (PFP) emulsion nanodroplets. … Determination of Critical Micelle Concentration of Lipopolymers and Other Amphiphiles: Comparison of Sound Velocity and Fluorescent Measurements Langmuir 2002 18 612 617 10.1021/la0110085 49. Nisini R. Poerio N. Mariotti S. De Santis F. Fraziano M. …

Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Curcumin-Mediated Therapeutic Effects in Type 2 Diabetes and Cancer.

The growing prevalence of age-related diseases, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cancer, has become global health and economic problems. Due to multifactorial nature of both diseases, their pathophysiology is not completely understood so far. Compelling evidence indicates that increased oxidative stress, resulting from an imbalance between production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their clearance by antioxidant defense mechanisms, as well as the proinflammatory state contributes to the development and progression of the diseases. Curcumin (CUR; diferuloylmethane), a well-kn

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… overcome these limitations, several different experimental approaches have been employed, including using adjuvants (e.g., piperine, quercetin, and resveratrol) [ 7 ] as well as nanoparticle-based delivery systems (e.g., liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, niosomes, polymeric nanoparticles, polymeric micelles … More recently, the efficacy of nano-CUR (as nano-micelle 80 mg/day for 3 months) on glucose and lipid parameters has been demonstrated in T2DM subjects, as evidenced by the decreased levels of HbA 1c , glucose, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and reduced body mass index (BMI) [ 45 ]. …

Nanoparticle-based strategy in CAR-T cell immunotherapy: challenges, implications, and perspectives.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has achieved remarkable progress in treating hematologic malignancies, yet its broader application faces challenges such as manufacturing complexity, solid tumor microenvironment barriers, and immune toxicity. Nanoparticles (NPs), leveraging their precise delivery, immunomodulation, and multifunctional integration capabilities, offer innovative strategies to optimize CAR-T cell therapy. This review provides a comprehensive elucidation of the fundamental framework of CAR-T cell therapy and the challenges in oncological applications. Subsequently, w

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… Table 2 A summary of the pros and cons of representative nanoparticles Types of nanoparticles Examples Pros Cons References Polymer-based nanoparticles Polymer nanoparticles Dendrimers Polymeric micelles Excellent delivery carrier Tailored size and surface properties Sustained-release capability for … fabrication Issues with non-specific accumulation Potential immunogenicity concerns [ 305 , 306 ] Table 2 A summary of the pros and cons of representative nanoparticles Types of nanoparticles | Examples | Pros | Cons | References Polymer-based nanoparticles | Polymer nanoparticles Dendrimers Polymeric micelles …

Nanomedicine: Principles, Properties, and Regulatory Issues.

Several scientific areas have benefited significantly from the introduction of nanotechnology and the respective evolution. This is especially noteworthy in the development of new drug substances and products. This review focuses on the introduction of nanomedicines in the pharmaceutical market, and all the controversy associated to basic concepts related to these nanosystems, and the numerous methodologies applied for enhanced knowledge. Due to the properties conferred by the nanoscale, the challenges for nanotechnology implementation, specifically in the pharmaceutical development of new dru

Targeting Notch-1 positive acute leukemia cells by novel fucose-bound liposomes carrying daunorubicin.

Complete remission by induction therapy in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) can be achieved due to improvements in supportive and optimized therapy. However, more than 20% of patients will still need to undergo salvage therapy, and most will have a poor prognosis. Determining the specificity of drugs to leukemia cells is important since this will maximize the dose of chemotherapeutic agents that can be administered to AML patients. In turn, this would be expected to lead to reduced drug toxicity and its increased efficacy. We targeted Notch-1 positive AML cells utilizing fucose-bound liposomes

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… Briefly, DPPC, Chol, ganglioside, DCP, and DPPE were mixed at different molar ratios, and cholic acid added to facilitate micelle formation. The mixture was dissolved in methanol/chloroform (1:1, v/v), and the solvent was evaporated at 37°C to produce a lipid film, which was dried under vacuum. … For the daunorubicin preparation, a HSA solution (HSA 20 mg/mL, 0.2 N NaOH) containing daunorubicin (20 mg/mL) was added to the lipid film and sonicated to obtain uniform micelles, which were then ultrafiltered (molecular weight cutoff 10 kD; Amicon PM10, Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). …

Applications of Curcumin and Its Nanoforms in the Treatment of Cancer.

Due to the diverse medicinal and pharmacokinetic properties of turmeric, it is well-known in the therapeutic, pharmaceutic, nutraceutical, cosmetic, and dietary industries. It gained importance due to its multitude of properties, such as wound-healing, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, cytoprotective, anti-aging, anti-cancer, and immunomodulatory effects. Even though the natural healing effect of turmeric has been known to Indians as early as 2500 BCE, the global demand for turmeric has increased only recently. A major reason for the beneficiary activities of turmeric is the pre

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… Liposomes [ 41 ], micelles [ 42 ], nanoparticles [ 43 , 44 ], nanogels [ 45 ], nanocrystals [ 46 ], etc., are known to increase the availability and absorption capacity of curcumin. The route of administration also defines the rate of absorption. … On the other hand, when incorporated with polymeric micelles, and liposomes, curcumin can be easily transported across the membrane to offer better solubility and therapeutic effect. …

Withania somnifera: Progress towards a Pharmaceutical Agent for Immunomodulation and Cancer Therapeutics.

Chemotherapy is one of the prime treatment options for cancer. However, the key issues with traditional chemotherapy are recurrence of cancer, development of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, affordability, late-stage detection, serious health consequences, and inaccessibility. Hence, there is an urgent need to find innovative and cost-effective therapies that can target multiple gene products with minimal adverse reactions. Natural phytochemicals originating from plants constitute a significant proportion of the possible therapeutic agents. In this article, we reviewed the advances and t

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… Nanomedicines are divided into two categories ( Figure 3 ): organic nanoparticles (such as polymeric, liposomes, etc.) and micelles and inorganic nanoparticles (such as gold, silica, and iron oxide, etc.). … The disadvantages of polymeric micelles include minimal efficiency for intracellular drug release as well as possible off-target delivery. …

Mapping the function of MicroRNAs as a critical regulator of tumor-immune cell communication in breast cancer and potential treatment strategies.

Among women, breast cancer ranks as the most prevalent form of cancer, and the presence of metastases significantly reduces prognosis and diminishes overall survival rates. Gaining insights into the biological mechanisms governing the conversion of cancer cells, their subsequent spread to other areas of the body, and the immune system's monitoring of tumor growth will contribute to the advancement of more efficient and targeted therapies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in the interaction between tumor cells and immune cells, facilitating tumor cells' evasion of the immune system and p

Immunomodulatory Nanosystems.

Immunotherapy has emerged as an effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases, including cancer, infectious diseases, inflammatory diseases, and autoimmune diseases. Immunomodulatory nanosystems can readily improve the therapeutic effects and simultaneously overcome many obstacles facing the treatment method, such as inadequate immune stimulation, off-target side effects, and bioactivity loss of immune agents during circulation. In recent years, researchers have continuously developed nanomaterials with new structures, properties, and functions. This Review provi

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… Some of the most frequently explored nanosystems are polymer nanoparticles, 24 , 25 liposomes, 26 , 27 micelles, 28 , 29 , 30 nanogels, 14 , 31 , 32 gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), 33 , 34 and carbon nanomaterials. 35 These nanoplatforms have shown phenomenal capabilities in assisting immunostimulatory … micelles showed more than 60% antigen exocytosis in 15 min. …

The Three Musketeers in Cancer Therapy: Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Personalised Approach.

Cancer therapy is rapidly evolving from a one-size-fits-all paradigm toward highly personalized approaches. Traditional chemotherapies and radiotherapies, while broadly applied, often yield suboptimal outcomes due to tumor heterogeneity and are limited by significant toxicities. In contrast, precision oncology tailors prevention, diagnosis, and treatment to the individual patient's genetic and molecular profile. Key advancements underscore this shift: molecularly targeted drugs (e.g., trastuzumab for HER2-positive breast cancer, EGFR and ALK inhibitors for lung cancer) have improved efficacy a

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… Over the past decade, a variety of nanoparticle-based carriers (liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, micelles, dendrimers, etc.) have been developed to favorably alter drug biodistribution. … Nanocarriers (liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, micelles, dendrimers and inorganic nanoparticles) were introduced to overcome these barriers through several mechanisms. …

Перевозка и сдерживание движения sphingosine-1-phosphate Экспортеры SPNS2.

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) — сигнал лизолипида, имеющий решающее значение для развития сердца, иммунитета и слуха. Соответственно, мутации в переносчике S1P SPNS2 связаны с уменьшением числа белых клеток и нарушениями слуха. СПНС2 также экспортирует S1P-mimicking FTY720-P (Финголимод) и, таким образом, является центральным элементом фармакокинетики этого препарата при лечении множественного склероза. Здесь мы используем комбинацию крио-электронной микроскопии, иммунофлюоресценции, связывания in vitro и в vivo S1P-оценки экспорта, а также молекулярное моделирование динамики для исследования

Anti-BCMA-engineered exosomes for bortezomib-targeted delivery in multiple myeloma.

AbstractExosomes have emerged as promising vehicles for delivering therapeutic cargoes to specific cells or tissues, owing to their superior biocompatibility, reduced immunogenicity, and enhanced targeting capabilities compared with conventional drug delivery systems. In this study, we developed a delivery platform using exosomes derived from monocytes, specifically designed for targeted delivery of bortezomib (Btz) to multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Our approach involved the genetic modification of monocytes to express antibodies targeting B-cell maturation antigen (anti-BCMA), because BCMA sele

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… Modeling of anti-cancer drug release kinetics from liposomes and micelles: a review. IEEE Trans NanoBioscience. 2021;20(4):565–576. doi: 10.1109/TNB.2021.3097909. 15. Giuliani N, Mangoni M, Rizzoli V. … Hyaluronic acid shell and disulfide-crosslinked core micelles for in vivo targeted delivery of bortezomib for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Acta Biomater. 2018;80:288–295. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.09.022. 23. Cengiz Seval G, Beksac M. …

Meeting abstracts from the 21st European Symposium on Radiopharmacy and Radiopharmaceuticals

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… To overcome this, a strategy involving the encapsulation of 1 in polymeric micelles (PMs) has been developed, increasing solubility and half-life blood circulation[2]. Moreover, to enhance specificity, the outer shell of the micelles can be functionalized with targeting ligands. … Antitumoral and Antimicrobial Activities of Block Copolymer Micelles Containing Gold Bisdithiolate Complexes. Pharmaceutics. 2023; 15(2):564 Hoang B, Reilly RM, Allen C. Block copolymer micelles target Auger electron radiotherapy to the nucleus of HER2-positive breast cancer cells. …

Emerging and underexplored ginsenosides in cancer therapy (2020-2025): Beyond cytotoxic mechanisms.

Ginsenosides from Panax plants have long been studied as potential anticancer agents. In earlier years, most research focused on a few well-known ginsenosides that showed strong direct cytotoxicity, such as Rg3 and Rh2. As a result, many other ginsenosides were considered less active and received limited attention. However, studies published between 2020 and 2025 indicate that several previously underexplored ginsenosides also exhibit meaningful anticancer activity. These compounds often do not function as strongly cytotoxic agents. Instead, they act through broader and more indirect mechanism

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… Because it has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties, Rg5 can be easily incorporated into nanocarriers and micelles, where it helps improve drug stability and delivery. One example is a paclitaxel–Rg5 polymeric micelle formulation. … Self-Assembled micelles based on ginsenoside Rg5 for the targeted treatment of PTX-resistant tumors. Mol Pharm. 2024;21:3502–3512. doi: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00204. 100. Park J.S., Kim S.H., Han K.M., Kim Y.S., Kwon E., Paek S.H., Seo Y.K., Yun J.W., Kang B.C. …

Overcoming temozolomide resistance in glioma: recent advances and mechanistic insights.

Temozolomide (TMZ) remains the cornerstone chemotherapy for glioma, yet intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms significantly limit its clinical effectiveness. This review summarizes the multifaceted molecular pathways contributing to TMZ resistance, including enhanced DNA repair mechanisms such as O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), mismatch repair (MMR), and base excision repair (BER). Additional resistance factors include genetic mutations that affect the drug response, dysregulated non-coding RNAs (miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs), glioma stem cells (GSCs), cytoprotective aut

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… Modifying the metabolite MTIC of TMZ into a stable N-acylated prodrug combined with disulfide-linked copolymer micelles improved stability and targeted release [ 272 ]. … Additional strategies, including folate receptor-targeted exosomes co-loaded with quercetin, siRNA micelles targeting STAT3, MTIC prodrug micelles, and UiO-66-NH₂ nanocomposites activated by ultrasound, further improve BBB penetration and therapeutic efficiency while minimizing toxicity. (2) To counteract …

Transforming tumor microenvironments: nanotechnology and gene therapy in cellular signaling and epigenetic insight into chemo-resistance.

Chemoresistance remains the primary cause of cancer treatment failure, yet current understanding remains fragmented across isolated mechanistic studies. This review provides a unified framework linking tumor microenvironment (TME) signaling, epigenetic reprogramming, and nanotherapeutic intervention as an integrated axis driving and potentially reversing chemoresistance. We systematically examine how TME components: hypoxia (HIF-1α pathway), acidosis, cancer-associated fibroblasts (TGF-β/PDGF signaling), and immune cells (NF-κB-mediated immunosuppression) activate signaling cascades that direc

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… For example, pH-responsive nanoparticles remain stable at the bloodstream pH (~ 7.4) but rapidly dissociate or change configuration in the acidic milieu of tumors (pH ~ 6.5), thereby dumping the drug at the tumor site. pH-sensitive liposomes or polymeric micelles can be formulated using materials that … Several of these designs are in preclinical development, and a few have entered clinical trials, such as pH-sensitive polymeric micelles with doxorubicin and hypoxia-activated prodrug nanoparticles. …

Role of Nanomedicine-Based Therapeutics in the Treatment of CNS Disorders.

Central nervous system disorders, especially neurodegenerative diseases, are a public health priority and demand a strong scientific response. Various therapy procedures have been used in the past, but their therapeutic value has been insufficient. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier is two of the barriers that protect the central nervous system (CNS), but are the main barriers to medicine delivery into the CNS for treating CNS disorders, such as brain tumors, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease. Nanotechnology-based medicinal

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… These nanomedicines are mainly based on polymeric-based therapeutics, gold nanocrystals, and curcumin encapsulated in nanomedicine in nano micelles, or NPs containing an inhibitor of α-secretase to treat Alzheimer’s disease. … The conformation using PEG stabilization of nano-micelles comprised of lipids with phosphate lessens the aggregation of Aβ, devalues neurotoxicity induced by Aβ in human SHSY-5Y cells, and an in vitro neuroblastoma cell line [ 243 ]. …

Оптимизированная внутриназальная доставка сегестерона ацетатата в мозг с использованием наноэмульсии и микроэмульсии.

Segesteron aцетат (SA) является селективным и мощным агонистом рецептора прогестерона с потенциальным применением в лечении неврологических заболеваний, таких, как множественный склероз и инсульт. В этом исследовании микроэмульсия (МЭ) и three Наноэмульсии (NEs) с целевой концентрацией SA 0.48 Мг/г были разработаны для интраназального администрирования и подробно описаны в отношении их физико-химических свойств, устойчивости, антимикробной активности и безопасности (на первичных кортикальных клетках, тесте на яйцеклетки Hen/s, модели MucilAirTM и на крысах). Измерялись уровни плазмы и SA мозга

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… Once formed, MEs are transparent or quasi -transparent because they consist of swollen micelles with nanometric sizes ranging from 10 to 100 nm, usually only slightly larger than the micelles formed by the surfactants. … These micelles serve as carriers in which the lipid component and the lipophilic drug are dissolved. …

Pectin: A Bioactive Food Polysaccharide with Cancer Preventive Potential.

Pectin is an acidic heteropolysaccharide found in the cell walls and the primary and middle lamella of land plants. To be authorized as a food additive, industrial pectins must meet strict guidelines set forth by the Food and Agricultural Organization and must contain at least 65% polygalacturonic acid to achieve the E440 level. Fruit pectin derived from oranges or apples is commonly used in the food industry to gel or thicken foods and to stabilize acid-based milk beverages. It is a naturally occurring component and can be ingested by dietary consumption of fruit and vegetables. Preventing lo

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… Generally speaking, this function, together with pectin’s ability to bind to bile salt micelles, is thought to be connected to pectin’s ability to prevent the micelles from being reabsorbed back into the circulation [ 3 ]. … FU-NPs | In vitro (HepG2 and A549 cells) | Exhibited size-induced prolonged circulation as well as ASGP receptor-mediated targeting ability to cancer cell lines | [ 40 ] Pectin-deoxycholic acid | Citrus pectin (1.54 g) | In vitro (HepG2 cells) | ↑ Cytotoxicity, ↓ Relative migration of HepG2 cells, ↑ micelles …

Anticancer Molecular Mechanisms of Curcuminoids: An Updated Review of Clinical Trials.

Curcuminoids are bioactive polyphenols, mainly extracted from Curcuma longa (turmeric), and have received much attention due to their pleiotropic anticancer properties. Recent evidence suggests that curcumin and analogs prevent the activation of a variety of signaling pathways, including the MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and NF-kB pathways, resulting in the induction of apoptosis, prevention of proliferation, and suppression. In addition to these processes, curcumin has been shown to enhance the efficacy of the conventional anti-cancer modalities such as radiation and chemotherapy. By suppressing the expres

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… Liposomes and micelles, like other nano‐carriers, have also been explored for the improvement of the anticancer activity of curcumin. In a study, curcumin‐loaded liposomes were affirmed to have the potential to inhibit melanoma growth in a mouse model. … Research carried out in the recent past has indicated that new curcumin formulations such as liposomes, nanoparticles, and micelles can enhance the solubility and stability of curcumin, thereby enhancing its medicinal use. …