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Coming of Age for Autotaxin and Lysophosphatidate Signaling: Clinical Applications for Preventing, Detecting and Targeting Tumor-Promoting Inflammation.

A quarter-century after the discovery of autotaxin in cell culture, the autotaxin-lysophosphatidate (LPA)-lipid phosphate phosphatase axis is now a promising clinical target for treating chronic inflammatory conditions, mitigating fibrosis progression, and improving the efficacy of existing cancer chemotherapies and radiotherapy. Nearly half of the literature on this axis has been published during the last five years. In cancer biology, LPA signaling is increasingly being recognized as a central mediator of the progression of chronic inflammation in the establishment of a tumor microenvironmen

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… The severity of one of these conditions, biliary atresia, a progressive fibro-inflammatory liver disease, correlates independently with both liver stiffness and serum ATX levels [ 120 ]. … Patients with biliary atresia have decreased ATX promoter methylation that was even lower in patients with advanced disease [ 121 ]. …

Outcomes after liver transplantation: keep the end in mind.

Since the advent of transplantation as a life-saving procedure for patients with end-stage liver disease, more than 15,000 children and adolescents have received liver transplants. With the improvements in long-term posttransplant survival offered by advances in medical and surgical therapy, the concept of transplantation outcome has expanded beyond simple patient and graft survival rates. The quality of the life years restored, the long-term complications of transplant immunosuppression, and the overall cost of care have been increasingly recognized as important components of liver transplant

Successful treatment of a child with late-onset T-cell post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder/lymphoma.

We report a novel regimen for refractory post-transplant T-cell lymphoma (PTL). Our patient presented with non-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) related, T-cell post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) 3.5 years after liver transplantation. Initially diagnosed as polyclonal PTLD, the disease progressed to a monoclonal, T-cell PTL that was refractory to several chemotherapy regimens but responded to a regimen consisting of fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, and alemtuzumab. Consolidation therapy included high-dose chemotherapy, autologous hematopoietic stem cell rescue, and radiation t

Pathology Competencies in Medical Education and Educational Cases: Update 2023.

Pathology is a core component of medical school curricula because understanding the pathogenesis of the disease is foundational both for diagnostic efficiency and optimal use of ancillary resources in patient care. The Pathology Competencies for Medical Education (PCME) were developed as a national resource of expectations of pathology knowledge for medical students. The PCME are composed of three competencies: disease mechanisms and processes, organ system pathology, and diagnostic pathology and therapeutic pathology. The learning goals and learning objectives of the PCME that were first publ

Резюме ESPR 2013Европейское общество педиатрической радиологии 50th Ежегодное совещание и 36th Курсы для аспирантов. Июнь 3–7 2013. Будапешт, Венгрия.

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Coexistence of Autoantibodies against the Golgi Complex and Ro52 Antigen in a Patient with Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia.

Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) is often associated with connective tissue diseases (CTD). The diagnosis of NSIP was confirmed in a 63-year-old man by high-resolution computed tomography and an open lung biopsy. Anti-Golgi complex autoantibodies (AGA) and anti-Ro52 antibodies were simultaneously detected at high concentrations. Autoantibodies to aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARS) were negative. The patient was treated with corticosteroids for six months. During the seven-year follow-up, NSIP had a slow progression and patient had not developed the clinical features of CTD. The present

СРП 2013

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Sphingobacterium multivorum cellulitis: case report and mini-review.

BACKGROUND: Sphingobacterium multivorum is a gram-negative, non-fermentative, oxidase-positive, catalase-positive bacillus. S multivorum has been identified in urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, spontaneous peritonitis, septic arthritis, meningitis, bacteraemia and septic shock. Ours is the second case of skin and soft tissue infection sustained by S. multivorum (a case of necrotizing fasciitis with septic shock has been previously reported). In this paper, we furnish a review of the literature on all the cases of S multivorum described in the medical literature (with the

Liver Disease Associated with Non-Hepatitis Viruses

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… EBV intrauterine infection may lead to diverse congenital anomalies also comprising biliary atresia ( Goldberg et al., 1981 ). However, only few pregnant women are susceptible, thus intrauterine EBV infection is rare. …

Exploring neutrophil extracellular traps: mechanisms of immune regulation and future therapeutic potential.

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are complex, web-like structures consisting of DNA intertwined with antimicrobial proteins, which neutrophils release upon immune activation. These structures play a crucial role in pathogen elimination, particularly in infectious diseases. However, their involvement in various pathological conditions is multifaceted and context-dependent, while NETs contribute to host defense against infections, they can also exacerbate sterile inflammation, autoimmune disorders, and tumor progression. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the molecular mechani

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… atresia | Mice exhibited delayed disease onset and reduced morbidity and mortality | Zhang et al. [ 166 ] | DPI | Septic | Reduce cytotoxicity | Kumar et al. [ 167 ] | DNP | Thrombocytopenia | Reduce thrombosis in thrombocytopenic patients | Leung et al. [ 168 ] | AZD7986 | Breast cancer | Reduction … CD177+ cells produce neutrophil extracellular traps that promote biliary atresia. J Hepatol. 2022;77:1299–310. 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.06.015. 167. Kumar S, et al. Functional role of iNOS-Rac2 interaction in neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) induced cytotoxicity in sepsis. …

Chronic granulomatous disease secondary to a rare compound heterozygote mutation in an adolescent cured by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a case report.

BackgroundChronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare inherited primary immunodeficiency characterized by recurrent infections and aberrant inflammation due to defects in the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase complex.Case presentationWe report a case of recurrent pneumonia and significantly elevated IgE levels in an adolescent. Metagenomic next-generation (mNGS) sequencing contributed to the identification of Burkholderia multivorans in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and the initiation of appropriate treatment. Whole exome sequencing (WES) revealed two point mutations

Recent Insights into the Creation of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Human Diseases.

This review examines publications over the past two years devoted to histone deacetylase inhibitors for the treatment of cancer, diseases of the nervous, cardiovascular, digestive, and respiratory systems, and autoimmune diseases. The review covers various classes of histone deacetylase inhibitors depending on the zinc-binding group, in particular hydroxamic acids, benzamides, hydrazides, carboxylic acids, and cyclic peptides. The review pays special attention to the mechanisms of development of pathologies involving various isoforms of histone deacetylases. The review shows that, for the trea

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… atresia [ 16 ]. … Butyrate inhibits histone deacetylase 2 expression to alleviate liver fibrosis in biliary atresia. BMC Pediatrics. 2025;25:286. doi: 10.1186/s12887-025-05635-3. 17. Gao L., Cueto M.A., Asselbergs F., Atadja P. …

Kabuki Syndrome-Clinical Review with Molecular Aspects.

Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a rare developmental disorder principally comprised of developmental delay, hypotonia and a clearly defined dysmorphism: elongation of the structures surrounding the eyes, a shortened and depressed nose, thinning of the upper lip and thickening of the lower lip, large and prominent ears, hypertrichosis and scoliosis. Other characteristics include poor physical growth, cardiac, gastrointestinal and renal anomalies as well as variable behavioral issues, including autistic features. De novo or inherited pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in the KMT2D gene are the most c

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… Hepatobiliary abnormalities, biliary atresia, hepatic fibrosis and sclerosing cholangitis have been documented in 2–21% of KS patients [ 92 ]. Very little information is available regarding long-term follow-up of these patients’ liver disease. …

Examining the potentials of stem cell therapy in reducing the burden of selected non-communicable diseases in Africa.

Stem cell therapy (SCT) is a promising solution for addressing health challenges in Africa, particularly non-communicable diseases (NCDs). With their regenerative potential, stem cells have the inherent capacity to differentiate into numerous cell types for tissue repair. Despite infrastructural, ethical, and legal challenges, SCT holds immense promise for managing chronic illnesses and deep-seated tissue injuries. The rising prevalence of NCDs in Africa highlights the need for innovative strategies and treatment options. SCT offers hope in combating conditions like burns, osteoarthritis, diab

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… Autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell infusion for liver cirrhosis after the Kasai operation in children with biliary atresia. …

Abstracts

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… Table 1 Mean semiquantitative parameters in biliary atresia and neonatal hepatitis BA: Biliary atresia, NH: Neonatal hepatitis, LBR: Liver: blood pool ratio, LKR: Liver: kidney ratio Parameter | LBR 5 min | LKR 5 min | LBR 30 min | LKR 30 min | LBR 1 h | LKR 1 h | LBR 24 h | LKR 24 h BA | 1.27±0.73 | … of Nuclear Medicine, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India Introduction: The two most prevalent causes of neonatal cholestasis are biliary atresia(BA) and neonatal hepatitis(NH). …

Investigating key genes and molecular mechanisms of prostate cancer and coronary heart disease through transcriptomics and experimental validation.

BackgroundProstate cancer (PC), a common male urogenital malignancy, and coronary heart disease (CHD), a cardiovascular disease from coronary lesions causing myocardial ischemia, interact in comorbidity. This study integrated their transcriptome data to reveal comorbid mechanisms and develop cross-disease targets.MethodsIn this research, candidate genes were derived from differential analysis and intersection analysis. Subsequently, machine learning algorithms were integrated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve assessment and expression confirmation to identify key genes. Nomogr

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… Single nucleotide polymorphisms within Adducin 3 and Adducin 3 antisense RNA1 genes are associated with biliary atresia in Thai infants. …

Long-term outcomes of children after solid organ transplantation.

Solid organ transplantation has transformed the lives of many children and adults by providing treatment for patients with organ failure who would have otherwise succumbed to their disease. The first successful transplant in 1954 was a kidney transplant between identical twins, which circumvented the problem of rejection from MHC incompatibility. Further progress in solid organ transplantation was enabled by the discovery of immunosuppressive agents such as corticosteroids and azathioprine in the 1950s and ciclosporin in 1970. Today, solid organ transplantation is a conventional treatment with

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… Transplantation in infants requires special consideration because of the mismatch in donor and recipient size and because the indications, such as congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract for renal transplantation, biliary atresia for liver transplantation and congenital heart disease …

Chest and Mediastinum

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63rd Annual Conference of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology, ISGCON 2022-January 5th - 8th, 2023 in Jaipur.

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Nuclear receptors in health and disease: signaling pathways, biological functions and pharmaceutical interventions.

Nuclear receptors (NRs) are a large family of ligand-dependent transcription factors that regulate the expression of a wide range of target genes in response to endogenous and exogenous ligands, including steroid hormones, thyroid hormone, vitamin D, retinoic acid, fatty acids, and oxidative steroids. Upon ligand binding, nuclear receptors form dimer complexes with transcriptional cofactors, which interact with specific DNA sequences in the promoter or enhancer regions of target genes to modulate gene expression. This process plays a crucial role in many physiological processes such as reprodu