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Antibody-based drug delivery systems for cancer therapy: Mechanisms, challenges, and prospects.

In recent years, antibody-based cancer therapy has emerged as one of the efficient therapeutic strategies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), angiogenesis inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), multi-specific antibodies, and chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells, among others. To date, various drug delivery platforms have been developed to improve the bioavailability, delivery convenience, and reduced toxicity towards increased therapeutic efficacy of antibodies. Herein, we emphasize the clinical manifestations of various antibody-based tumor therapies, highlighting their m

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… Many drug-based formulations have been approved for cancer treatment, such as liposomes, human serum albumin, micelles, and many others undergoing Phase 2/3 clinical trials 14 . … Encapsulation strategies In DDS, drug carriers can be used for local and systematic delivery of drugs, including liposomes, microspheres, hydrogels, micelles, and mesoporous silica NPs, among others 59 , 60 . …

ADMET-Guided Design and In Silico Planning of Boron Delivery Systems for BNCT: From Transport and Biodistribution to PBPK-Informed Irradiation Windows.

BNCT (Boron Neutron Capture Therapy) is a binary radiotherapeutic modality in which high LET (Linear Energy Transfer) particles are generated from 10B(n,α)7Li reaction, ideally within boron-loaded tumour cells, so the therapeutic outcome depends critically on the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of boron carriers. In this review, boron-containing agents for BNCT, with a focus on ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity) and model-informed design, were examined. Low-MW (low-molecular-weight) compounds, peptide conjugates, polymeric and nanostructured platforms and

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… For liposomes, micelles, dendrimers and inorganic carriers, “structure” is best captured by architectural descriptors (size, surface chemistry/PEGylation/ligands, stability and payload form), which govern circulation time, RES uptake, tumour penetration and clearance [ 15 , 16 , 56 ]. … Pharmacokinetics of Core-Polymerized, Boron-Conjugated Micelles Designed for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy for Cancer Biomaterials 2012 33 3568 3577 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.01.039 22326646 84. …

Breaking the Resistance: Photodynamic Therapy in Cancer Stem Cell-Driven Tumorigenesis.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are essential for the growth of malignancies because they encourage resistance to cancer therapy and make metastasis and relapse easier. To effectively tackle the obstacles presented by CSCs, novel therapeutic approaches are required. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising treatment option for cancer cells, which uses light-sensitive medications that are activated by light wavelengths. This review investigates the use of PDT to overcome malignancies driven by CSCs that have innate resistance mechanisms. PDT works by causing tumor cells to accumulate photosensitizers

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… Numerous flexible nanoformulations, such as liposomes, nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, and micelles, have demonstrated great potential for delivery of novel anticancer drugs, considering expanding interest in nanomedicine [ 20 ]. … AKT2 siRNA delivery with amphiphilic-based polymeric micelles show efficacy against cancer stem cells Drug Deliv. 2018 25 961 972 10.1080/10717544.2018.1461276 29667444 PMC6060707 148. Basak S.K. Zinabadi A. Wu A.W. Venkatesan N. Duarte1 V.M. Kang J.J. Dalgard C.L. Srivastava M. Sarkar F.H. …

Application of Nanoparticles for Magnetic Hyperthermia for Cancer Treatment-The Current State of Knowledge.

Hyperthermia (HT) is an anti-cancer therapy commonly used with radio and chemotherapies based on applying heat (39-45 °C) to inhibit tumor growth. However, controlling heat towards tumors and not normal tissues is challenging. Therefore, nanoparticles (NPs) are used in HT to apply heat only to tumor tissues to induce DNA damage and the expression of heat shock proteins, which eventually result in apoptosis. The aim of this review article is to summarize recent advancements in HT with the use of magnetic NPs to locally increase temperature and promote cell death. In addition, the recent develop

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… Polymeric micelles are multifunctional MNPs that allow for control of drug release via an external AMF and prevent early clearance by the RES. … Dual tumor-targeted multifunctional magnetic hyaluronic acid micelles for enhanced MR imaging and combined photothermal-chemotherapy. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces. 2018;164:424–435. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.02.005. 113. Li Z., Zhang J., Guo X., Guo X., Zhang Z. …

Advances in improving cancer immunotherapy with nanotechnology: from smart nanoparticles to synergistic combination strategies.

Cancer immunotherapy has substantially advanced cancer treatment, achieving durable responses in select malignancies. However, its widespread application is limited by significant challenges: low efficacy in many solid tumors, severe side effects, and immune evasion facilitated by the tumor microenvironment (TME). Nanotechnology offers a promising approach to address these obstacles. By employing nanoparticles (NPs), we can precisely deliver therapeutics to tumor sites, ensure controlled release to minimize side effects, and amplify the immune response, thereby substantially boosting the effec

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… By leveraging nanocarriers such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, micelles, exosomes, and inorganic nanoparticles, therapeutic agents can be preferentially delivered to tumor tissues. … Albumin-bound nanoparticles, for example, engage endothelial gp60 receptors to trigger caveolin-mediated transcytosis; intravital microscopy studies have shown that albumin nanoparticles achieve a 7.2-fold higher tumor area-under-the-curve (AUC) than size-matched PEGylated micelles, and chemical disruption …

Lymph node metastasis in cancer progression: molecular mechanisms, clinical significance and therapeutic interventions.

Lymph nodes (LNs) are important hubs for metastatic cell arrest and growth, immune modulation, and secondary dissemination to distant sites through a series of mechanisms, and it has been proved that lymph node metastasis (LNM) is an essential prognostic indicator in many different types of cancer. Therefore, it is important for oncologists to understand the mechanisms of tumor cells to metastasize to LNs, as well as how LNM affects the prognosis and therapy of patients with cancer in order to provide patients with accurate disease assessment and effective treatment strategies. In recent years

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… F127-Cy7 & Cy5.5-MMP-Q NIR MMP-Q: respond to MMP-2,9 of tumor microenvironment Squamous carcinoma Yin, 229 125 I-QSY21-KC(cRGD)PLGVRGY-Cy5 NIR & SPECT KCPLGVRGY: respond to MMP-2 of tumor microenvironment cRGD: target αvβ3 integrin Breast cancer Bennett, 236 UPS nanoparticles labeled with ICG NIR UPS micelles … | NIR | MMP-Q: respond to MMP-2,9 of tumor microenvironment | Squamous carcinoma Yin, 229 | 125 I-QSY21-KC(cRGD)PLGVRGY-Cy5 | NIR & SPECT | KCPLGVRGY: respond to MMP-2 of tumor microenvironment cRGD: target αvβ3 integrin | Breast cancer Bennett, 236 | UPS nanoparticles labeled with ICG | NIR | UPS micelles …

Localized Drug Delivery Systems: An Update on Treatment Options for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common cancers in the world, with surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy being the primary treatment modalities. The treatment for HNSCC has evolved over time, due to which the prognosis has improved drastically. Despite the varied treatment options, major challenges persist. HNSCC chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic drugs are usually administered systemically, which could affect the patient's quality of life due to the associated side effects. Moreover, the systemic administration of salivary stimulating agent

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… These agents have been encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles and polymeric micelles to reduce systemic toxicities [ 171 , 172 ]. … Nanoparticle Type | Agent/Metal Used | Study | Result | References Polymeric Nanoparticles | Cisplatin | Evaluate safety and efficacy of polymeric micelles (in vitro, in vivo) | Reduced nephrotoxicity in mice, demonstrated anti-tumour activity on OSCC cell lines. | Endo et al. [ 171 ] Cisplatin | In …

Smart Lipid-Based Nanosystems for Therapeutic Immune Induction against Cancers: Perspectives and Outlooks.

Cancer immunotherapy, a promising and widely applied mode of oncotherapy, makes use of immune stimulants and modulators to overcome the immune dysregulation present in cancer, and leverage the host's immune capacity to eliminate tumors. Although some success has been seen in this field, toxicity and weak immune induction remain challenges. Liposomal nanosystems, previously used as targeting agents, are increasingly functioning as immunotherapeutic vehicles, with potential for delivery of contents, immune induction, and synergistic drug packaging. These systems are tailorable, multifunctional,

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… In principle, amphiphilic molecules such as phospholipids, when dispensed in water beyond a critical micellar concentration, spontaneously aggregate into structures; namely, bilayers, micelles, or vesicles. … Upon sonication, the inverted micelles entrap the surrounding aqueous solution. Extrusion takes place through membranes of defined size, ensuring uniformity of SUVs at the desired size for the intended purpose [ 33 ]. …

Unlocking the potential of tumor-targeting peptides in precision oncology.

Targeted cancer therapy has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional chemotherapy, which is often plagued by poor selectivity, off-target effects, and drug resistance. Among the various targeting agents in development, peptides stand out for their unique advantages, including minimal immunogenicity, high tissue penetration, and ease of modification. Their small size, specificity, and flexibility allow them to target cancer cells while minimizing damage to healthy tissue selectively. Peptide-based therapies have shown great potential in enhancing the efficacy of drug delivery, improvi

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… Polymeric micelles are another effective system for peptide drug delivery. For instance, pluronic F-127, a triblock copolymer, has been used to form micelles for encapsulating peptides like melittin for targeted cancer therapy. … These micelles are capable of responding to external stimuli such as pH changes in the tumor microenvironment, leading to controlled release of the peptide specifically at the tumor site [ 160 ]. …

Current State of Human Gene Therapy: Approved Products and Vectors.

In the realm of gene therapy, a pivotal moment arrived with Paul Berg's groundbreaking identification of the first recombinant DNA in 1972. This achievement set the stage for future breakthroughs. Conditions once considered undefeatable, like melanoma, pancreatic cancer, and a host of other ailments, are now being addressed at their root cause-the genetic level. Presently, the gene therapy landscape stands adorned with 22 approved in vivo and ex vivo products, including IMLYGIC, LUXTURNA, Zolgensma, Spinraza, Patisiran, and many more. In this comprehensive exploration, we delve into a rich ass

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… Micelleplexes Micelleplexes, denoting nanostructured NA/micelle-like complexes, are characterized by their distinctive attributes forged by the chemical composition of amphiphilic copolymers. … Addressing this issue, innovative strategies such as packaging mRNA within the core of polyplex micelles and employing PEG-conjugated cationic polymers, have arisen. …

Interferon-Based Biopharmaceuticals: Overview on the Production, Purification, and Formulation.

The advent of biopharmaceuticals in modern medicine brought enormous benefits to the treatment of numerous human diseases and improved the well-being of many people worldwide. First introduced in the market in the early 1980s, the number of approved biopharmaceutical products has been steadily increasing, with therapeutic proteins, antibodies, and their derivatives accounting for most of the generated revenues. The success of pharmaceutical biotechnology is closely linked with remarkable developments in DNA recombinant technology, which has enabled the production of proteins with high specific

Resveratrol and Cardiovascular Diseases.

The increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has stimulated research for substances that could improve cardiovascular health. Among them, resveratrol (RES), a polyphenolic compound notably present in grapes and red wine, has been involved in the "French paradox". RES is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and for its ability to upregulate endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). RES was able to scavenge (•)OH/O₂(•-) and peroxyl radicals, which can limit the lipid peroxidation processes. Moreover, in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) under glucose-induced oxidati

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… Indeed, RES exhibited a protective effect against linoleate micelle oxidation initiated by radiolysis-generated • OH radicals. … Several studies aimed to improve the availability of RES, either by modifying the structural determinant or by using RES oligomers or galenic forms such as calcium-pectinated beads [ 108 ], polymeric micelles [ 109 ], self-emulsifying systems [ 110 ] or nanoparticles [ 111 ]. …

Gossypol and Its Natural Derivatives: Multitargeted Phytochemicals as Potential Drug Candidates for Oncologic Diseases.

Despite the vast amounts of research and remarkable discoveries that have been made in recent decades, cancer remains a leading cause of death and a major public health concern worldwide. Gossypol, a natural polyphenolic compound derived from the seeds, roots, and stems of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), was first used as a male contraceptive agent. Due to its diverse biological properties, including antifertility, antiviral, antioxidant, antibacterial, antimalarial, and most notably antitumor activities, gossypol has been the subject of numerous studies. Nevertheless, no systematic review has

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… In a subsequent study, gossypol, paclitaxel, and cyclopamine mixed in poly (ethylene glycol)-blockpoly (ε-caprolactone) micelles were administered intraperitoneally to mice xenografted with ES-2 and SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells. … Injectable (-)-gossypol-loaded Pluronic P85 micelles for cancer chemoradiotherapy. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 2017;93:402–406. doi: 10.1080/09553002.2016.1257833. 113. Castilla C., Congregado B., Chinchón D., Torrubia F.J., Japón M.A., Sáez C. …

Study of Liposomes Containing Extract from the Leaves of Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) March in Animals Submitted to a Mutagenic Model Induced by Cyclophosphamide.

Cyclophosphamide (CPA) is an alkylating agent used as a chemotherapy agent in the treatment of cancer, but it has immunosuppressive effects. Protium heptaphyllum (P. heptaphyllum) is a plant rich in triterpenes and flavonoids, with some bioactive and therapeutic properties presented in the literature. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the chemoprotective potential of P. heptaphyllum extract inserted into liposomes against oxidative damage chemically induced by CPA. Male Swiss mice received 1.5 mg/kg of P. heptaphyllum liposomes as a pre-treatment for 14 consecutive days (via gavage)

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… The liposomes were characterized physicochemically by evaluating the active compound content and average micelle diameter using a Mastersizer ® 2000 device (Malvern, England); the polydispersity index (PDI) using photon brightness spectroscopy analysis (Zetasizer ® NanoZS model ZEN 3600, Malvern Instruments … Micelles with small size (232 ± 1.70) and low polydispersity index (0.21 ± 0.01) characterize a system with low size distribution. The zeta potential value demonstrates the surface charge potential (−20.07 ± 1.10), which is a fundamental parameter to predict the stability of liposomes. …

Business Risk Mitigation in the Development Process of New Monoclonal Antibody Drug Conjugates for Cancer Treatment.

Recent developments aim to extend the cytotoxic effect and therapeutic window of mAbs by constructing antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), in which the targeting moiety is the mAb that is linked to a highly toxic drug. According to a report from mid of last year, the global ADCs market accounted for USD 1387 million in 2016 and was worth USD 7.82 billion in 2022. It is estimated to increase in value to USD 13.15 billion by 2030. One of the critical points is the linkage of any substituent to the functional group of the mAb. Increasing the efficacy against cancer cells' highly cytotoxic molecules (

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… There is a study which demonstrated that the anti-cancer drug loaded in polymeric micelles or cyclodextrins improved the stability and the solubility of the prodrug, which was then connected to mAb, resulting in high efficacy [ 55 ]. … Herceptin-Conjugated Paclitaxel Loaded PCL-PEG Worm-like Nanocrystal Micelles for the Combinatorial Treatment of HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Biomaterials 2019 222 119420 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119420 31445322 19. Kolahkaj F.F. Derakhshandeh K. Khaleseh F. Azandaryani A.H. Mansouri K. …

Interactions between cancer cells and bone microenvironment promote bone metastasis in prostate cancer.

Bone metastasis is the leading cause of death in prostate cancer patients, for which there is currently no effective treatment. Since the bone microenvironment plays an important role in this process, attentions have been directed to the interactions between cancer cells and the bone microenvironment, including osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and bone stromal cells. Here, we explained the mechanism of interactions between prostate cancer cells and metastasis-associated cells within the bone microenvironment and further discussed the recent advances in targeted therapy of prostate cancer bone metasta

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… Accordingly, some studies using RNA aptamer A9-modified micelles to treat bone metastasis have achieved good therapeutic results, and this drug delivery system also had well targeting effect [ 110 ]. … Doxorubicin-poly (ethylene glycol)-alendronate self-assembled micelles for targeted therapy of bone metastatic cancer. Sci Rep. 2015;5:14614. doi: 10.1038/srep14614. 108. Saracino R, Luciano R, Battafarano G, Perrotta A, Muraca M, Del Fattore A. Nanoparticles-based treatment for bone metastasis. …

Оптимизация доставки каннабидиол: повышение растворимости и проницаемости воды посредством фосфолипидной комплексации.

Каннабидиол (КБР) продемонстрировал терапевтический потенциал в лечении эпилепсии, множественного склероза, болезни Альцгеймера, Паркинсона и Крона. Несмотря на ее многообещающие последствия и анальгетические, антивоспалительные и аксиолитические свойства, полный потенциал КБР сдерживается низкой растворимостью воды (0,7-10 мкг/мл), низкой проницаемостью и химической нестабильностью. Цель этого исследования состояла в том, чтобы повысить проницаемость кишечника (GI) в результате распада, стабильности и проницаемости кишечника КБР путем создания комплекса КБР-фосфолипид (CBD-PLC). Мы предположи

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… Furthermore, PLCs, particularly those composed of highly saturated PLs, form nano-sized micelles, as demonstrated in the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images ( Figure 2 ). These micelles significantly increase the equilibrium solubility of CBD-PLC in water [ 35 ]. …

Salivary signature in forensic profiling: A scoping review.

BackgroundSaliva has recently served as a primary investigative tool in forensics in the detection of crime, cases of sexual assaults, human and animal bite marks, poisoning, hormone identification, and alcohol and drug abuse.AimThis scoping review aimed to comprehensively identify the role of saliva in comparative and reconstructive identification and propose the concept of salivary signature (SS) in forensics.MethodologyA literature search was performed on electronic databases, PubMed and Google Scholar with keywords, "salivary," "microbiome," and "forensics," and relevant articles identifie

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… signature comprising of salivary microbiome, biomarkers, flow and composition changes in generation of biological profile of individual characteristics Salivary constituents and their importance Saliva comprises a scaffold-like structure housing electrolyte phase in water, proteins, and salivary micelles …

Polydatin: Pharmacological Mechanisms, Therapeutic Targets, Biological Activities, and Health Benefits.

Polydatin is a natural potent stilbenoid polyphenol and a resveratrol derivative with improved bioavailability. Polydatin possesses potential biological activities predominantly through the modulation of pivotal signaling pathways involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Various imperative biological activities have been suggested for polydatin towards promising therapeutic effects, including anticancer, cardioprotective, anti-diabetic, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, anti-microbial, as well as health-promoting roles on the renal system, the respiratory s

A new curcuma extract (flexofytol®) in osteoarthritis: results from a belgian real-life experience.

This retrospective observational study summarizes the experiences of 820 patients treated with a new Curcuma extract (Flexofytol®, 4-6 capsules per day), for more than 6 months for various forms of painful osteoarthritis. These experiences were reported by 110 Belgian general practitioners via a questionnaire that included quality-of-life parameters for assessing patient experience. Data were submitted to an independent statistician for analysis. Within the first 6 weeks, Flexofytol® improved patient pain, articular mobility, and quality of life. Excellent tolerance was reported, and more than