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Сложные связи между человеком и бактериями: связи между множественным склерозом и микробиомом человека.

Множественный склероз (MS) — хроническое иммунопосредованное заболевание центральной нервной системы, патогенез которого связан со сложным взаимодействием между генетической предрасположенностью, экологическими факторами и дисрегуляцией иммунной реакции. Этот обзор критически обобщает имеющиеся данные исследований, демонстрирующих значительные изменения в составе микробиома человека у отдельных лиц с MS. В ходе этой работы обобщается нынешнее состояние знаний о составе, разнообразии и дисбиозе кишечного микробиома в MS, при этом подчеркивается неоднородность наблюдаемых микробных изменений в з

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… A potentially informative parameter is the Bifidobacterium/Akkermansia ratio. A lower ratio of Bifidobacterium adolescentis to Akkermansia muciniphila (BA:AM) in patients with MS correlated with higher disability scores (EDSS). … This association may reflect an altered balance between bacteria that support mucosal barrier integrity (e.g., Bifidobacterium ) and those that degrade mucin (e.g., A. muciniphila ), which may influence intestinal barrier integrity and modulate both local and systemic inflammatory processes (Jangi et …

From Cells to Environment: Exploring the Interplay between Factors Shaping Bone Health and Disease.

The skeletal system is an extraordinary structure that serves multiple purposes within the body, including providing support, facilitating movement, and safeguarding vital organs. Moreover, it acts as a reservoir for essential minerals crucial for overall bodily function. The intricate interplay of bone cells plays a critical role in maintaining bone homeostasis, ensuring a delicate balance. However, various factors, both intrinsic and extrinsic, can disrupt this vital physiological process. These factors encompass genetics, aging, dietary and lifestyle choices, the gut microbiome, environment

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… By increasing the generation of SCFAs and promoting the overgrowth of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species, Akkermansia and Faecalibacterium , probiotics enhance bone health [ 61 ]. … Bifidobacterium lactis Probio-M8 improves bone metabolism in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis, possibly by modulating the gut microbiota. Eur. J. Nutr. 2022;62:965–976. doi: 10.1007/s00394-022-03042-3. 71. Jia R., Liu N., Zhu Y., Li Q. …

The Impact of Human Microbiotas in Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Organ Transplantation.

The human microbiota heavily influences most vital aspects of human physiology including organ transplantation outcomes and transplant rejection risk. A variety of organ transplantation scenarios such as lung and heart transplantation as well as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is heavily influenced by the human microbiotas. The human microbiota refers to a rich, diverse, and complex ecosystem of bacteria, fungi, archaea, helminths, protozoans, parasites, and viruses. Research accumulating over the past decade has established the existence of complex cross-species, cross-kingdom interac

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… On the other hand, no occurrences of Bifidobacterium species or S. thermophilus were identified ( 59 ). … The authors found evidence suggestive of the protective roles of Akkermansia , Firmicutes , and Bifidobacterium as well as the pathogenic roles of Fusobacteria and Bacteroidetes ( 252 ). …

Фекальный мукопротеин MUC2 сокращается в множестве склерозов и ассоциируется с слизистой деградирующей бактерией.

Кишечный микробиом изменяется в MS и может способствовать болезням, нарушая кишечный барьер. Колониальный слизистой барьер, который состоит главным образом из слизистого белка 2 (MUC2), играет решающую роль в создании барьера между колоническими эпителиальными клетками и микробиомом. Поступали сообщения о разрушении кишечных эпителиальных и слизистых барьеров в случае воспламенительных заболеваний кишечника (ИБД) и болезни Паркинсона (ПД), но они не были изучены в контексте микробиомии в случае множественных склерозов (МС).МЕТОДЫ: Мы изучили эпителиальные узкие белковые белки zonulin occludins

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… Neural and immune factors contribute to the generation of new goblet cells 13 and to triggering the secretion of mucus by goblet cells. 14 Gut mucus is critically important to prevent microbial entry into the gut wall and serves as a source of nutrients for numerous species of bacteria, including Bifidobacterium … cell production/secretion or by elevated levels of mucus degrading microbiota. 15 Numerous microbial taxa with mucus degrading capacity 18 have been correlated with mucus protein levels in subjects with MS, including A. muciniphila , 15 , 16 Bacteroides genera members, Ruminococcus torques , Bifidobacterium …

The Interplay between Immune System and Microbiota in Osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass and alterations of bone microarchitecture, with an increased risk of fractures. It is a multifactorial disorder that is more frequent in postmenopausal women but can be associated to other diseases (inflammatory and metabolic diseases). At present, several options are available to treat osteoporosis trying to block bone reabsorption and reduce the risk of fracture. Anyway, these drugs have safety and tolerance problems in long-term treatment. Recently, gut microbiota has been highlighted to have strong influence on bone metabolism, becom

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… Decreased bone loss due to sex-steroid lack seems to be partially restrained also with the use of Bifidobacterium longum in ovariectomized rats [ 70 ]. … Probiotics (Bifidobacterium longum) increase bone mass density and upregulate Sparc and Bmp-2 genes in rats with bone loss resulting from ovariectomy. BioMed Research International. 2015;2015:10. doi: 10.1155/2015/897639. 71. Nilsson A. G., Sundh D., Bäckhed F., Lorentzon M. …

Postbiotics as Emerging Strategy Targeting Obesity- and Aging-Related Breast Cancer-Prospects in Prophylaxis and Therapy.

Aging and obesity accompanied with hormonal disequilibrium represent critical, inter-related risk factors for breast cancer, significantly influencing disease incidence, progression, and therapeutic outcomes. This review aims to elucidate the multifaceted biological mechanisms linking obesity and aging to breast carcinogenesis, with a particular focus on the emerging therapeutic and preventive potential of postbiotics as molecules targeting cellular events important for cancer growth and responsiveness. Despite continuous advancement, breast cancer therapy still poses several challenges, such

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… Among these, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), particularly Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species, are the most extensively studied producers of postbiotic substances. … Postbiotics, particularly SCFAs, strengthen the integrity of the intestinal barrier, reduce endotoxemia, and promote beneficial bacteria (e.g., Bifidobacterium , Akkermansia ), alleviating dysbiosis-associated obesity [ 147 ]. …

От генов к окружающей среде: жизненный подход к профилактике педиатрических аутоиммунных заболеваний.

Аутоиммунные заболевания у детей, включая тип 1 Все более серьезной проблемой для здоровья людей во всем мире являются диабет, болезни селиака и детский артрит. Этот всплеск, слишком быстрый для того, чтобы его можно было объяснить только генетическими изменениями, подчеркивает важнейшую роль экологических факторов и подчеркивает настоятельную необходимость принятия активных превентивных мер. Этот обзор представляет собой комплексную, основанную на фактических данных основу для профилактики педиатрических аутоиммунных заболеваний по всему спектру услуг, начиная с первичной и заканчивая третичн

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… In contrast, cesarean section bypasses this exposure, leading to delayed colonization by beneficial bacteria such as Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium and increased dominance of skin-associated microbes ( Figure 5 ). … Probiotics, such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and certain Bifidobacterium strains, have shown potential to influence immune maturation and reduce the risk of autoimmunity in both experimental and clinical studies[ 67 ]. …

Cancer immunity and immunotherapy beyond COVID-19.

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… This benefic effect could be transferred by transplanting microbial species (e.g., Bifidobacterium pseudolongum ) or serum from responders. … In the serum, inosine produced by Bifidobacterium pseudolongum and Akkermansia mediated tumor control by activating the cognate adenosine A2A receptor on T cells in the presence of costimulatory signals. …

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Associating Obesity to Bone Loss.

Obesity is an alarming disease that favors the upset of other illnesses and enhances mortality. It is spreading fast worldwide may affect more than 1 billion people by 2030. The imbalance between excessive food ingestion and less energy expenditure leads to pathological adipose tissue expansion, characterized by increased production of proinflammatory mediators with harmful interferences in the whole organism. Bone tissue is one of those target tissues in obesity. Bone is a mineralized connective tissue that is constantly renewed to maintain its mechanical properties. Osteoblasts are responsib

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… Along with Bacteroidetes, obesity reduces other beneficial bacteria genera, such as Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus [ 149 ], compromising healthy bone remodeling. … Serum dosages also showed that Bifidobacterium enhanced the bone formation marker OCN and decreased the bone resorption marker CTX-1 in HFD mice [ 153 ]. …

Изменения в отношениях между Гутом и Микробиоме-хостом после неизлечимых переживаний у пациентов с множественным склерозом.

ИСТОРИЯ ВОПРОСА И ЦЕЛИ: Было продемонстрировано, что микробные симбионты гута оказывают влияние на развитие автономного иммунитета при множественном склерозе (МС). Появляющиеся исследования указывают на важную связь между микробным интерфейсом и патофизиологией MS. Ига-секретные клетки B наблюдаются в мозге MS, и изменения в кишечной бактерии-IgA были описаны в некоторых пациентах с MS. Однако связи между кишечным микробиомом и иммунной реакцией принимающей стороны, особенно в отношении иммуномодуляции, разрушающей клетки В, остаются недостаточно изученными. Цель этого исследования заключалась

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… In the IgA– fraction, several variants had higher relative abundances in patients with untreated MS compared with controls, most notably those of Emergencia timonensis, Oscillibacter , and Bifidobacterium longum . … After 6 months of B-cell depletion therapy, we observed that certain organisms ( Akkermansia muciniphila , Bifidobacterium bifidum , Blautia obeum , and Gemella ) displayed immune coating patterns more similar to those of controls than to patients with untreated MS. …

Probiotics for the Prevention of Pediatric Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea.

UNLABELLED: Goldenberg JZ, Lytvyn L, Steurich J, Parkin P, Mahant S, Johnston BC. Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic-asso … 3938 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Trials included treatment with either Bacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Clostridium butyricum, Lactobacilli spp., Lactococcus spp., Leuconostoc cremoris, Saccharomyces spp., or Streptococcus spp., alone or in combination. Eleven studies used a single-strain probiotic, four combined two probiotic strains, three com …

Microbiota-derived metabolites as modulators of cancer immunotherapy response.

The microbiome is a key regulator of host homeostasis and immune activity, in part through the production of metabolites. These microbiota-derived metabolites can modulate both the innate and adaptive immune system, as well as directly target tumour cells, thereby regulating anti-tumour immunity and response to immunotherapy. Here, we describe the current mechanistic knowledge on how these metabolites exert their effects and outline the methodologies used to detect and assess these metabolites. Finally, we summarize microbiota-targeted therapies capable of improving microbial functionality to

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… For example, Mager et al. showed in a mouse model of CRC that intestinal Bifidobacterium pseudolongum elevated serum levels of inosine, a metabolite which can be produced by bacteria predominantly through the purine salvage pathway. … Commensal Bifidobacterium promotes antitumor immunity and facilitates anti-PD-L1 efficacy. Science 350 , 1084–1089 (2015). 8. Gopalakrishnan, V. et al. Gut microbiome modulates response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in melanoma patients. Science 359 , 97–103 (2018). 9. Lee, K. A. et al. …

Paediatric intestinal pseudo-obstruction: a scoping review.

Paediatric intestinal pseudo-obstruction (PIPO) encompasses a group of rare disorders in which patients present with the clinical features of bowel obstruction in the absence of mechanical occlusion. The management of PIPO presents a challenge as evidence remains limited on available medical and surgical therapy. Parenteral nutrition is often the mainstay of therapy. Long-term therapy may culminate in life-threatening complications including intestinal failure-related liver disease, central line thrombosis and sepsis. Intestinal transplantation remains the only definitive cure in PIPO but is a

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… Common probiotics that have been trialled in the prevention of SIBO include Lactobacillus casei , Streptococcus faecalis/Clostridium butyricum and Bifidobacterium longum/Bifidobacterium infantis . …

The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Pathogenesis, Biology, and Treatment of Plasma Cell Dyscrasias.

In response to emerging discoveries, questions are mounting as to what factors are responsible for the progression of plasma cell dyscrasias and what determines responsiveness to treatment in individual patients. Recent findings have shown close interaction between the gut microbiota and multiple myeloma cells. For instance, that malignant cells shape the composition of the gut microbiota. We discuss the role of the gut microbiota in (i) the development and progression of plasma cell dyscrasias, and (ii) the response to treatment of multiple myeloma and highlight faecal microbiota transplantat

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… Steroid-treated mice had an increase in Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus , which are both associated with anti-inflammatory effects, whereas they noted an absence of Mucospirillum , which is responsible for degradation of colonic mucin. … PIs | There is no evidence proving the influence of PIs on gut microbiota Steroids | Mice treated with steroids had increased Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus population and the absence of Mucospirillum bacteria ( 77 ) Mice treated with dexamethasone had decreased production of IL-17 compared with an …

Тип перегонки 1 диабет через ось эндоканнабиноидома-микробиота: системная биологическая перспектива.

Тип 1 диабет (T1D) давно признан аутоиммунным заболеванием на основе Т. Вместе с тем все больше фактов свидетельствует об участии в его развитии факторов, связанных с метаболизмом, подстрекательством и кишечной микробиотой. Эндоканнабиноидная система (ЭКС), являющаяся одним из ключевых регуляторов иммунного и метаболического гомеостаза, все чаще привлекается к аутоиммунной патофизиологии, в частности благодаря ее взаимодействию с кишечными метаболитами. В этой гипотетической статье подчеркивается необходимость пересмотра патофизиологии Т1D путем интеграции дисфункции ЭКС, кишечного дисбиоза и

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… SCFA levels (butyrate, acetate, propionate) are consistently reduced across all listed diseases, reflecting a decrease in beneficial bacteria such as Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus. … SCFA levels (butyrate, acetate, propionate) are consistently reduced across all listed diseases, reflecting a decrease in beneficial bacteria such as Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus. …

Cancer Resistance to Immunotherapy: Comprehensive Insights with Future Perspectives.

Cancer immunotherapy is a type of treatment that harnesses the power of the immune systems of patients to target cancer cells with better precision compared to traditional chemotherapy. Several lines of treatment have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and have led to remarkable success in the treatment of solid tumors, such as melanoma and small-cell lung cancer. These immunotherapies include checkpoint inhibitors, cytokines, and vaccines, while the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell treatment has shown better responses in hematological malignancies. Despite these

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… Through many in vivo studies, the role of the microbiota was found to enhance the response to immune therapy, especially CTLA-4 blockage and PD-L1, with microorganisms such as Bacteroidales , Burkholderiales , B. fragilis , B. thetaiotaomicron , B. cepacian , Bifidobacterium species, Bifidobacterium … , Akkermansia , Enterococcus , Bifidobacterium , Faecalibacterium , Lactobacillus johonsonii , and Enterococcus [ 101 ]. …

Host impairments in patients with neoplastic diseases.

Healthy individuals possess an immune system comprising physical barriers, innate and acquired immunity as well as the indigenous microflora that populate the body surfaces. The immune system maintains constant vigilance over the body at the cellular level as well as at the interface between the host integument and the resident microflora. However, neoplastic diseases and their treatment often lead to impaired immunity resulting in an increased risk of infections due to viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. This chapter explores the various aspects of host impairment focusing on the componen

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… Bifidobacterium spp. Clostridium spp. C. sporogenes Corynebacterium spp. Eubacterium spp. Lactobacillus spp. Propionibacterium spp. Rothia spp. Gram-negative cocci Moraxella spp. M. catarrhalis Neisseria spp. Veillonella spp. Gram-negative bacilli Actinobacillus spp. … L. rhamnosus Anaerobic bacilli Gram-positive anaerobic bacilli Bifidobacterium spp. Clostridium spp. C. tertium , C. difficile , C. sporogenes Eubacterium spp. Lachnospira spp. Propionibacterium spp. P. acne Gram-positive facultatively Enterococcus spp. …

New Insights into the Relationship between Gut Microbiota and Radiotherapy for Cancer.

Cancer is the second most common cause of death among humans in the world, and the threat that it presents to human health is becoming more and more serious. The mechanisms of cancer development have not yet been fully elucidated, and new therapies are changing with each passing day. Evidence from the literature has validated the finding that the composition and modification of gut microbiota play an important role in the development of many different types of cancer. The results also demonstrate that there is a bidirectional interaction between the gut microbiota and radiotherapy treatments f

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… Among them, the potential protective effects of Bifidobacterium , Clostridium cluster XIVa , and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii are reduced, and Enterobacteriaceae and Bacteroidetes are increased, which may especially lead to diarrhea [ 86 ]. … A clinical study conducted by Majid et al. confirmed that partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) supplementation increased the Bifidobacterium counts and reduced the frequency of diarrhea after the end of pelvic radiotherapy [ 175 ]. …

Использование естественных экзоцитозных везикул для борьбы с возрастными заболеваниями: от возрастных драйверов до терапевтических возможностей.

Старение — это сложный биологический процесс, приводящий к увеличению нагрузки возрастных заболеваний (ARD). Клеточная старость, включающая необратимое остановку клеточного цикла и выделение фенотипа секреторной активности при старении (SASP), играет центральную роль в старении и развитии ARD. Естественные экзоцитические везикулы (NEVs) — это везикулы, полученные из клеток, органов и тканей без искусственных вмешательств. В последние годы NEVs привлекли внимание как медиаторы межклеточной коммуникации, и показали многофункциональный потенциал в регулировании клеточной старости и ARD. С одной с

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… Bacteria-derived NEVs include Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Pseudomonas and Mucus Akkermansia. Pathological state-derived NEVs are from tumors. The diagram shows connections from these sources to a human figure, indicating the origin of each NEV type. … Neurological disorders section shows sources including mesenchymal stem cells, embryonic stem cells, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, with arrows to outcomes labeled neuronal repair, synapse formation, angiogenesis, inflammation, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species, plus cell types labeled microglias …

Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw and Oral Microbiome: Clinical Risk Factors, Pathophysiology and Treatment Options.

Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) represents a serious health condition, impacting the lives of many patients worldwide. The condition challenges clinical care due to its complex etiology and limited therapeutic options. A thorough understanding of the pathophysiological and patient-related factors that promote disease development is essential. Recently, the oral microbiome has been implicated as a potential driver and modulating factor of BRONJ by several studies. Modern genomic sequencing methods have provided a wealth of data on the microbial composition of BRONJ lesio

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… Notably, the genera Xanthomonas , Lachnospiraceae , and Bifidobacterium were found only in the BRONJ group, suggesting a dysbiosis between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in the studied groups [ 34 ]. … skin-exhibiting fistula (H&E, PAS, gram, Grocott) | Hansen et al. (2006) [ 23 ] Actinomyces spp. | Retrospective study, histopathology (H&E, gram, PAS) | Kaplan et al. (2009) [ 24 ] Actinomyces spp. | Clinical study, shotgun metagenome sequencing from saliva samples | Yahara et al. (2020) [ 7 ] S. constellatus , Bifidobacterium …