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NPI-0052 and γ-radiation induce a synergistic apoptotic effect in medulloblastoma.

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant solid paediatric brain tumour. The standard treatment for MB is surgical resection of the tumour, radiation and chemotherapy. This therapy is associated with high morbidity and adverse side effects. Hence, more targeted and less toxic therapies are vitally needed to improve the quality of life of survivors. NPI-0052 is a novel proteasome inhibitor that irreversibly binds the 20S proteasome subunit. This compound has anti-tumour activity in metastatic solid tumours, glioblastoma and multiple myeloma with a good safety profile. Importantly, NPI-0

The selective HDAC6 inhibitor Nexturastat A induces apoptosis, overcomes drug resistance and inhibits tumor growth in multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy of plasma cells that produce a monoclonal immunoglobulin protein. Despite significant advances in the treatment of MM, challenges such as resistance to therapy remain. Currently, inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs) is emerging as a potential method for treating cancers. Numerous HDAC inhibitors are being studied for the use in monotherapy or in conjunction with other agents for MM. In the present study, we investigated the anti-myeloma effect of Nexturastat A (NexA), a novel selective HDAC6 inhibitor. We found that NexA impaired MM cel

Mechanisms Behind the Pharmacological Application of Biochanin-A: A review.

This review was aimed at summarizing the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind the various pharmacological actions of biochanin-A. Many studies have been reported claiming its application in cancers, metabolic disorders, airway hyperresponsiveness, cardiac disorders, neurological disorders, etc. With regard to hormone-dependent cancers like breast, prostate, and other malignancies like pancreatic, colon, lung, osteosarcoma, glioma that has limited treatment options, biochanin-A revealed agreeable results in arresting cancer development. Biochanin-A has also shown therapeutic benefits when a

An Overview of Polymeric Nanoparticles-Based Drug Delivery System in Cancer Treatment.

Cancer is recognized as one of the world's deadliest diseases, with more than 10 million new cases each year. Over the past 2 decades, several studies have been performed on cancer to pursue solutions for effective treatment. One of the vital benefits of utilizing nanoparticles (NPs) in cancer treatment is their high adaptability for modification and amalgamation of different physicochemical properties to boost their anti-cancer activity. Various nanomaterials have been designed as nanocarriers attributing nontoxic and biocompatible drug delivery systems with improved bioactivity. The present

Cell Therapy for Colorectal Cancer: The Promise of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T Cells.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a global public health problem as it is the third most prevalent and the second most lethal cancer worldwide. Major efforts are underway to understand its molecular pathways as well as to define the tumour-associated antigens (TAAs) and tumour-specific antigens (TSAs) or neoantigens, in order to develop an effective treatment. Cell therapies are currently gaining importance, and more specifically chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, in which genetically modified T cells are redirected against the tumour antigen of interest. This immunotherapy has emerged a

Targeting Cancer Through Thymoquinone: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Prospects.

Thymoquinone (TQ), the active compound in Nigella sativa (black seed), has shown promising effects against cancer in many laboratory studies. In this review, we explore how TQ works on different aspects of cancer, from stopping cancer cell growth and spread, to triggering cancer cell death, reducing inflammation, and helping the immune system fight back. We also highlight how TQ may overcome one of the biggest problems in cancer treatment-chemoresistance. When used together with common treatments like chemotherapy, radiation, or immunotherapy, TQ has been shown to improve their effects and red

Advances in delivery methods of Arthrospira platensis (spirulina) for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.

Arthrospira platensis (A. platensis) aqueous extract has massive amounts of natural products that can be used as future drugs, such as C-phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, etc. This extract was chosen because of its high adaptability, which reflects its resolute genetic composition. The proactive roles of cyanobacteria, particularly in the medical field, have been discussed in this review, including the history, previous food and drug administration (FDA) reports, health benefits and the various dose-dependent therapeutic functions that A. platensis possesses, including its role in fighting against

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… [ 74 ] that PBP has presented a dose–response graph and IC 50 (Inhibitory concentration by 50%) between 0.5 and 1.0 mg/mL in vitro on dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme, which was tested on two different cultures: 1) in situ Caco-2 cells due to its high expression level of DPP-4, and 2) in … -2 cells (0.5 mg/mL of PBP; 16.4% ± 7.4%, 1.0 mg/mL of PBP; 29.2% ± 1.3% (VS) 1.0 µM of sitagliptin 89.6% ± 0.9%). …

The Role of Purported Mucoprotectants in Dealing with Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Functional Diarrhea, and Other Chronic Diarrheal Disorders in Adults.

Chronic diarrhea is a frequent presenting symptom, both in primary care medicine and in specialized gastroenterology units. It is estimated that more than 5% of the global population suffers from chronic diarrhea. and that about 40% of these subjects are older than 60 years. The clinician is frequently faced with the need to decide which is the best therapeutic approach for these patients. While the origin of chronic diarrhea is diverse, impairment of intestinal barrier function, dysbiosis. and mucosal micro-inflammation are being increasingly recognized as underlying phenomena characterizing

Cinobufagin Suppresses Lipid Peroxidation and Inflammation in Osteoporotic Mice by Promoting the Delivery of miR-3102-5p by Macrophage-Derived Exosomes.

BackgroundCinobufagin, the primary active compound in toad venom, is commonly used for anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic purposes. However, its specific bone-protective effects remain uncertain. This research aims to ascertain the bone-protective properties of cinobufagin and investigate underlying mechanisms.MethodsMice were ovariectomized to establish an osteoporosis model, followed by intraperitoneal injections of cinobufagin and cinobufagin-treated RAW.264.7-derived exosomes for therapy. MicroCT, HE staining, and TRAP staining were employed to evaluate bone mass and therapeutic

An understanding of mitochondria and its role in targeting nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

Nanotechnology has changed the entire paradigm of drug targeting and has shown tremendous potential in the area of cancer therapy due to its specificity. In cancer, several targets have been explored which could be utilized for the better treatment of disease. Mitochondria, the so-called powerhouse of cell, portrays significant role in the survival and death of cells, and has emerged as potential target for cancer therapy. Direct targeting and nanotechnology based approaches can be tailor-made to target mitochondria and thus improve the survival rate of patients suffering from cancer. With thi

Natural anti-cancer products: insights from herbal medicine.

Herbal medicine exhibits a broad spectrum of potent anti-cancer properties, including the enhancement of tumor immune responses, reversal of multidrug resistance, regulation of autophagy and ferroptosis, as well as anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and anti-metastatic effects. This review systematically explores recent advances (primarily documented since 2019) in research on key anti-cancer compounds derived from herbal medicine, such as apigenin, artemisinin, berberine, curcumin, emodin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), ginsenosides, icariin, resveratrol, silibinin, triptolide, and ursolic

The Role of the Gut Microbiota in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is an effective treatment for patients with high-risk hematologic malignancies. Over the last decade, gut microbiota composition during allo-HCT has been associated with patients' outcomes. Treatment-related factors, in particular the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and the conditioning regimen, frequently induce gut dysbiosis, which is associated with immune dysregulation, toxicity, and adverse outcomes, particularly after allo-HCT. Microbial metabolites further modulate immune responses and therapeutic efficacy. Emerging microbiota-t

UEG Week 2017 Oral Presentations

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Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Patients Receiving Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Considering a steady increase in the number of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (allo-HSCT) worldwide and the significant proportion of the world's population that has been exposed to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, HBV reactivation following allo-HSCT remains an important issue for post-transplant morbidity and mortality. Antiviral prophylaxis can reduce HBV replication, severity of HBV-related hepatitis, and mortality; therefore, identification of patients at risk is crucial. It is recommended that all recipients and donors should be screened for active or prior HBV inf

Nanomedicine Meets Immunotherapy: Advancing Adoptive Cell Therapy with Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Cancer with Sustainability Perspectives.

Immunotherapy has achieved remarkable clinical success in certain cancers, particularly through adoptive cell therapy (ACT), where T cell engineering with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) has driven major clinical breakthroughs in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. However, efficacy against solid tumors remains limited due to multiple barriers, including the scarcity of tumor-specific antigens, antigen heterogeneity, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and physical obstruction of T cell infiltration by dense extracellular matrix. Nanoparticle (NP)-based approaches can overcome the

A Narrative Review on the Antitumoral Effects of Selected Mediterranean Plant Products from Southern Italy.

Natural products are a valuable source of bioactive compounds with established roles in oncology. Their structural diversity and ability to target multiple cancer-related pathways make them promising candidates for anticancer drug development. Increasing preclinical and clinical data highlight their potential not only to exert direct antitumor effects but also to enhance patient tolerance to conventional therapies by reducing side effects and improving treatment adherence. The Mediterranean region, known for its biodiversity and traditional dietary habits, provides a rich array of natural comp

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… Interestingly, in vitro analysis performed on Caco-2 cells highlighted a moderate intestinal permeability, while in vivo studies reported rapid absorption and wide tissue distribution, particularly in the liver, heart, brain, testis, uterus, and skin. …

Drug-Drug Interactions of Cannabidiol with Standard-of-Care Chemotherapeutics.

Cannabidiol (CBD) is an easily accessible and affordable Marijuana (Cannabis sativa L.) plant derivative with an extensive history of medical use spanning thousands of years. Interest in the therapeutic potential of CBD has increased in recent years, including its anti-tumour properties in various cancer models. In addition to the direct anticancer effects of CBD, preclinical research on numerous cannabinoids, including CBD, has highlighted their potential use in: (i) attenuating chemotherapy-induced adverse effects and (ii) enhancing the efficacy of some anticancer drugs. Therefore, CBD is ga

Совокупное и интерактивное воздействие тяжелых металлов на нейродегенеративные заболевания: сравнительный обзор болезни Альцгеймера, Паркинсона, амиотропического бокового склероза и множественного склероза.

Тяжелые металлы и металллоиды являются стойкими загрязнителями окружающей среды, которые накапливаются в центральной нервной системе и взаимодействуют с местными основными металлами, однако в большинстве нейротоксических исследований металлы по-прежнему рассматриваются как независимые агенты, а не как смешанные смеси. В настоящем обзоре систематически сопоставляются данные о совокупном и интерактивном воздействии смесей тяжелых металлов на четыре основных нейродегенеративных заболевания: болезнь Альцгеймера (AD), болезнь Паркинсона (PD), амиотропический боковой склероз (ALS) и множественный ск

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… Interestingly, in Caco-2 cell monolayers, Cd and Mn inhibited transport of Fe, while Pb and Zn did not, suggesting that Pb uses an independent hydrogen-driven mechanism to enter these cells [ 3 ]. … Effect of DMT1 knockdown on iron, cadmium, and lead uptake in Caco-2 cells. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 2003;284:C44–C50. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00184.2002. 4. Cheng Y., Zhao Y., Chen C., Zhang F. Metallothionein and neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen. …

Advances in Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Bone Biomarker Detection and Therapeutic Applications.

This review explores the application of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) in detecting bone turnover biomarkers and advancing osteogenic treatment strategies. MIPs, designed to mimic biological recognition sites, offer innovative solutions for precise molecular recognition in bone health management. Chemical methodologies for MIPs synthesis and their integration into diagnostic systems for detecting bone resorption markers are highlighted. Furthermore, MIP-driven therapeutic advancements, including controlled drug release, cell imprinting for osteogenic differentiation, and functional scaf

Action of Phytochemicals on Insulin Signaling Pathways Accelerating Glucose Transporter (GLUT4) Protein Translocation.

Diabetes is associated with obesity, generally accompanied by a chronic state of oxidative stress and redox imbalances which are implicated in the progression of micro- and macro-complications like heart disease, stroke, dementia, cancer, kidney failure and blindness. All these complications rise primarily due to consistent high blood glucose levels. Insulin and glucagon help to maintain the homeostasis of glucose and lipids through signaling cascades. Pancreatic hormones stimulate translocation of the glucose transporter isoform 4 (GLUT4) from an intracellular location to the cell surface and