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An international survey of research capacity and culture in speech-language pathology: Preliminary findings.

PURPOSE: This study investigated international speech-language pathologists' self-perceived research skills and workplace research culture, as well as any influencing factors. METHOD: The Research Capacity and Culture tool was used to survey speech-language pathologists in Australia, Hong Kong, New Zealand, Singapore, UK, and US. RESULT: A total of 253 speech-language pathologists completed the survey. Organisations were rated as highly successful at promoting clinical practice-based evidence, but least successful for ensuring research career pathways are available and providing research sof…

Apprehending relational events: The visual world paradigm and the interplay of event perception and language.

When we observe the world, we appreciate not only the colors, shapes, and textures of people and objects, but also how they interact with on … le salient construals, such as chase vs. flee)-and how these emerging representations interact with language during interpretation and production of utterances about events. The visual world paradigm (VWP) offers a powerful tool to address these questions about the perception-language interface, by revealing which event representations are active when and …

The Multi-Agentization of a Dual-Arm Nursing Robot Based on Large Language Models.

Nursing robots are designed to serve users, and their ability to interact with humans, as well as to make task-related decisions and decompositions based on such interactions, is a fundamental prerequisite for autonomous execution of nursing tasks. Large language models offer an effective approach to facilitating human-robot interaction. However, their global perspective can lead to confusion or reduced precision when coordinating the execution of tasks by a dual-arm robot, often generating execution sequences that are inconsistent with real-world conditions. To address this challenge, this st…

Identification of Mandarin Tones in Loud Speech for Native Speakers and Second Language Learners.

Teachers often raise their vocal volume to improve intelligibility or capture students' attention. While this practice is common in second language (L2) teaching, its effects on tone perception remain understudied. To fill this gap, this study explores the effects of loud speech on Mandarin tone perception for L2 learners. Twenty-two native Mandarin speakers and twenty-two Thai L2 learners were tested on their perceptual accuracy and reaction time in identifying Mandarin tones in loud and normal modes. Results revealed a significant between-group difference: native speakers consistently demons…

False memories as a function of language proficiency: Differences between semantic and phonological processing.

Recent studies using verbal list-learning tasks have examined how language proficiency affects intrusion rates using semantic/associative lists. Typically, false memories decrease as language proficiency decreases; a finding consistent with fuzzy trace theory (gist extraction is less effective when items are less familiar; Brainerd & Reyna, Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11, 164-169, 2002) and with the activation/monitoring framework (semantic networks are less developed; Roediger et al., 2001). Native and non-native speakers (high and low proficiency, determined based on subject…

A Comparison of Time to Sepsis Alert and Antibiotics in Emergency Department Patients by Language Preference.

BACKGROUND: Prior studies have found increases in sepsis-related mortality among patients with non-English language preference (NELP) vs. English language preference (ELP) in the inpatient setting, even after controlling for demographic, illness severity, and clinical encounter variables. It is unclear if disparities in sepsis care extend to the emergency department. OBJECTIVE: We compared time to sepsis alert and antibiotics between patients with NELP vs. ELP overall and by emergency severity index (ESI) subgroup. METHODS: In this retrospective observational cohort study, the independent va…

Phishing detection on webpages in European non-English languages based on machine learning.

Machine learning-based phishing detection is crucial for preventing zero-day attacks. State-of-the-art phishing detection performs well on English webpages. However, it is not adequately accurate for webpages in minor languages. This work significantly improves phishing detection in European countries where minor languages are predominantly spoken. The proposed language-based phishing detection outperforms state-of-the-art methods for webpages in minor languages, achieving 99% accuracy on local webpages in the following countries: the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Croatia, Hungary, Lithuan…

Epidemiology of developmental language disorder among children in the Arab countries: a scoping review.

OBJECTIVE: Developmental language disorder (DLD) is a common communication disorder that impacts children's ability to learn, comprehend and use language effectively, yet it remains under-researched, particularly in the Arab countries. This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive narrative summary on the epidemiology of DLD among children aged ≤10 years in the Arab countries. DESIGN: A scoping review. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: We included studies that reported on the prevalence or risk factors of DLD in children aged ≤10 years from any Ara…

Pre-service teachers' knowledge of language and literacy concepts: The skeleton in Canada's closet?

The overall goal of this study was to examine pre-service teachers' knowledge of language and literacy concepts across different provinces in Canada. Eight hundred and eighty-three pre-service teachers completed a survey measuring their knowledge of three literacy components (phonological awareness, phonics and morphology). Results showed first that they had an overall score of 65% in phonological awareness, 62% in phonics and 37% in morphology. Second, they did significantly better in questions of implicit knowledge than explicit knowledge. Finally, their ratings of perceived ability in teach…

Exploring and Comparing the Use of Large Language Models in Supporting Osteoporosis Health Consultations.

PURPOSE: To compare the medical accuracy and content comprehensiveness of three large language models (LLMs) in generating responses to frequently asked osteoporosis-related questions and to determine their potential role in clinical support. METHODS: Twenty-five questions covering six clinical domains were submitted to each model in isolated sessions. Five senior orthopedic physicians, each with over 25 years of clinical experience, independently rated the medical accuracy of each response using a 5-point Likert scale. Responses rated as "acceptable" or above were further evaluated for conte…

Diagnostic capabilities of large language models in the detection of scaphoid fractures in the emergency department.

BACKGROUND: Scaphoid fractures account for 60%-70% of wrist traumas, with delayed diagnosis leading to avascular necrosis and functional impairment. Traditional radiographic assessment remains challenging due to anatomical complexity and overlapping structures. This study evaluated three next-generation large language models (LLMs) (ChatGPT-4o, Gemini 2.0, and Claude 3.5) for their ability to detect scaphoid fractures and determine surgical indications. METHODS: A retrospective observational study was conducted at Ankara Etlik City Hospital (October 2022 - January 2025) including 300 patients…

Battle of the Bots: Solving Clinical Cases in Osteoarticular Infections With Large Language Models.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the ability of 15 different large language models (LLMs) to solve clinical cases with osteoarticular infections following published guidelines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study evaluated 15 LLMs across 5 categories of osteoarticular infections: periprosthetic joint infection, diabetic foot infection, native vertebral osteomyelitis, fracture-related infections, and septic arthritis. Models were selected systematically, including general-purpose and medical-specific systems, ensuring robust English support. In total, 126 text-based questions, developed by the authors from…

Modulating language and executive functions in bilingual aphasia with cerebellar tDCS: a case series.

This case series explores the effects of cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on language and executive functions in bilinguals with aphasia. We present seven Dutch-French bilingual participants diagnosed with Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA) or post-stroke aphasia, including one non-fluent variant PPA (nfvPPA), three logopenic variant PPA (lvPPA), one semantic variant PPA (svPPA), and two post-stroke non-fluent aphasia patients. 20 min of 2 mA anodal tDCS to the right posterolateral cerebellum was combined with speech and language therapy. We administered subtests of the…

Solid Medication Intake in Hospitalised Patients With Dysphagia: A Challenge for Speech and Language Pathologists?

PURPOSE: Speech and language pathologists (SLP) are frequently consulted for guidance on the management of oral solid medications. However, the extent to which SLPs consider solid medication intake during swallowing examination remains unclear. The present study endeavoured to find out whether and how SLPs assess patients' ability to swallow solid dosage forms (SDF) in clinical settings, with a specific focus on stroke units. METHODS: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among SLPs in German-speaking countries. The questionnaire was targeted at SLPs working in hospitals and distribu…

Language and Cognitive Features in a Girl with Bosch-Boonstra-Schaaf Optic Atrophy Syndrome.

Bosch-Boonstra-Schaaf optic atrophy syndrome (BBSOAS) is an extremely rare neurological condition caused by a disruption in the NR2F-1 gene. The most common clinical features are optic atrophy and intellectual and developmental delay. This case report aims to describe the cognitive and language profile of a six-year-old girl diagnosed with BBSOAS, with a focus on the syndrome's impact on her developmental outcomes. A detailed assessment of her cognitive and speech-language abilities is provided. Given the limited number of published case studies on BBSOAS, this report integrates relevant findi…

Speech and Language Markers as Longitudinal Predictors of Youth Mental Health: A Systematic Review.

INTRODUCTION: Severe mental disorders in young people (< 25 years) are often preceded by subtle changes in communication and thinking, detectable in speech. Speech and language markers are promising for early detection; however, no systematic review has evaluated their prospective utility in predicting mental disorders in youth. We comprehensively reviewed longitudinal studies assessing speech/language markers as predictors of major mental disorder onset or symptom progression in youth. METHODS: We searched for longitudinal studies using recorded speech samples from youth or family members to…

Sepiapterin as a treatment for people living with phenylketonuria: a plain language summary of the APHENITY trial.

WHAT IS THIS SUMMARY ABOUT?: This plain language summary is based on an article about the APHENITY trial that was published in The Lancet journal in October 2024. The APHENITY trial was a phase 3 clinical trial to find out whether sepiapterin helped people living with phenylketonuria (PKU) and to learn more about its safety. PKU is a rare, genetic condition that causes high levels of phenylalanine (Phe) to build up in the body. High levels of Phe in the body can cause symptoms such as seizures, rashes, and problems with movement, and can also affect brain development, thinking skills, and beha…

Тест на язык и память: короткое мультидоменальное цифровое когнитивное измерение для множественного склероза.

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: Для многократного склероза (МС) необходимы точные когнитивные меры. Мы разработали тест языка и памяти (LMT), краткий цифровой показатель уязвимых для MS доменов: быстрое название, виуопространственная память, тонкая моторная декстерность. LMT предназначен для проверки гипотезы Лексического доступа как основного движителя когнитивного упадка в MS. МЕТОДЫ: В рамках этого исследования, подтверждающего концепцию, взрослые с НР и контролем были зачислены в три страны. Участники один или два раза заполнили LMT. Подгруппа подготовила краткую международную когнитивную оценку мн

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Accurate cognitive measures are needed for multiple sclerosis (MS). We developed the Language and Memory Test (LMT), a brief digital measure of domains vulnerable to MS: rapid naming, visuospatial memory, fine motor dexterity. The LMT is designed to test a hypothesis of lexical access as a primary driver of cognitive decline in MS. METHODS: In t…

Jeans and language: kin networks and reproductive success are associated with the adoption of outgroup norms.

Traditional norms of human societies in rural China may have changed owing to population expansion, rapid development of the tourism economy and globalization since the 1990s; people from different ethnic groups might adopt cultural traits from outside their group or lose their own culture at different rates. Human behavioural ecology can help to explain adoption of outgroup cultural values. We compared the adoption of four cultural values, specifically speaking outgroup languages/mother tongue and wearing jeans, in two co-residing ethnic groups, the Mosuo and Han. Both groups are learning out…

Impact of Preferred Written Language in Patients Discharged With Bronchiolitis From a Children's Hospital.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify differences in length of stay and readmission in patients admitted with bronchiolitis based on preferred written language. A secondary aim was to assess adherence to providing written discharge instructions in patients' preferred language. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we included 384 patients aged 0 to 2 years discharged from 2 children's hospitals with bronchiolitis from May 1, 2021, through April 30, 2022; patients were excluded for history of prematurity, complex chronic condition, or ICU stay during the study period. A manual chart revie…