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Asynchronous pentobarbital-induced burst suppression with corpus callosum hemorrhage.

OBJECTIVE: We describe the electroencephalographic (EEG) findings in a 9-year-old girl, who presented with generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus requiring pentobarbital anesthesia, and correlate these findings with clinicoradiologic evidence of a ruptured AVM with hemorrhage into the body of the corpus callosum. METHODS: EEG analysis accompanied by clinical assessment, CT and MRI scans, and cerebral angiography were performed. RESULTS: With pentobarbital coma, the EEG showed burst suppression with prominent interhemispheric asynchrony. Suppression epochs >2 s in duration and with ampli…

[Unverricht-Lündborg disease: clinical and electrophysiologic study of 19 Maghreb families].

We describe clinical, electrophysiological and genetic features in 44 patients with Unverricht-Lündborg disease from 19 families living in N … isted daily in 64 p. 100 of cases. Mean duration of the disease was 13.5 years. One patient died of status epilepticus. Consanguinity was noted in 17 families (first degree in 15 families). Linkage to chromosome 21q 22.3 was confirmed in 11 families. We noted an inter and intrafamilial variability of clinical signs and disease course.

Epileptogenic activity of folic acid after drug induces SLE (folic acid and epilepsy).

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of folic acid-containing multivitamin supplementation in epileptic women before and during pregnancy in order … pine and a folic acid (1 mg)-containing multivitamin from the 20th week of gestation. She developed status epilepticus and later symptoms of systemic lupus erythematodes. Her pregnancy ended with stillbirth. CONCLUSIONS: The epileptic pregnant patient's autoimmune disease (probably drug-induced lupus) could damage the blood-brain barrier, therefore the therapeutic …

Paroxysmal epileptiform discharges in temporal lobe slices after prolonged exposure to low magnesium are resistant to clinically used anticonvulsants.

Lowering of extracellular Mg2+ results in various forms of epileptiform activity in different parts of temporal lobe slices [5,22] which con … her concentrations. Thus we conclude that this activity may represent a model of difficult to treat status epilepticus.

Reversal sign on CT: effect of anoxic/ischemic cerebral injury in children.

A retrospective study was performed to determine the clinical and pathologic features, etiology, and outcome of children with the reversal s … ne cases of trauma (seven of child abuse); nine hypoxia/anoxia incidents (birth asphyxia, drowning, status epilepticus); one bacterial meningitis; and one degenerative encephalitis. All acute- and intermediate-group patients had respiratory problems requiring ventilator support and intensive care. In five of seven patients who died, autopsy findings were consistent …

Serum Biomarkers of Brain Injury in Diagnosis of Patients After Seizure in Emergency Department: A Systematic Review.

Distinguishing seizures from other causes of transient loss of consciousness in the emergency department (ED) is challenging. This PRISMA-gu … ). Neurofilament light chain (NfL) remained stable after a single seizure but increased markedly in status epilepticus (SE). S100B and BDNF results were inconsistent. Although no single biomarker serves as a standalone test, NSE and UCH-L1 are promising complementary diagnostic tools for identifying epileptic seizures in adults. Furthermore, NfL is a strong candidat …

Сопутствующее таламическое и мозговое участие в педиатрической нейропсихиатрии: расширение радиологического спектра.

Нейропсихиатрическая системная волчанка (NP-SLE) у детей необычная, но часто серьёзная, с широким спектром неврологических презентаций и иногда атипичной или изначально обычной нейроимации. Среди сообщаемых проявлений острый церебеллит встречается редко, а одновременное таламичное участие почти не описывается. Мы описываем 13-летнюю женщину с недавно поставленным диагнозом SLE, которая заразилась острым церебеллитом, сопровождавшимся аномалиями двусторонних медиальных таламических сигналов и эпилептикой неконвульсивного состояния после обширной оценки инфекционных и цереброспинных жидкостей. М

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BackgroundNeuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NP-SLE) in children is uncommon but often severe, with a wide spectrum of neurologi … acute cerebellitis accompanied by bilateral medial thalamic signal abnormalities and non-convulsive status epilepticus after extensive infectious and cerebrospinal fluid evaluation. MRI demonstrated cerebellar cortical diffusion restriction and faint bilateral thalamic T2-FLAIR/DWI hyperintensity without corresponding ADC reduction, consistent with vasogenic edema, …

Multiple subpial transections with concomitant responsive neurostimulation of the insula: illustrative case.

BACKGROUND: Focal epilepsy arising from the eloquent cortex can be treated with palliative surgical interventions such as multiple subpial transection (MST) or responsive neurostimulation (RNS). These techniques can be performed to reduce the burden of disabling seizures while avoiding disability associated with resection of the eloquent brain. OBSERVATIONS: A 17-year-old girl with a history of complex, refractory multifocal epilepsy and previous right anterior temporal lobectomy and left temporal neocortical RNS presented with refractory status epilepticus. Scalp electroencephalography showe…

[Epileptic seizures as a key neurological symptom: diagnosis, differential diagnosis and management].

Epileptic seizures rank among the most striking neurological key symptoms and pose a particular diagnostic challenge, especially when occurr … rapeutic categorization. Acute management is particularly indicated in cases of seizure clusters or status epilepticus. The decision to initiate long-term antiseizure therapy should be made on an individual basis and depends on seizure type, etiology, risk of recurrence, comorbidities, and the patient's individual life circumstances. Patient education is a central a …

Discoblock-Associated Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Case Report.

The discoblock procedure entails the administration of an anesthetic agent during discography to pinpoint the origin of spinal pain in chall … e necessity for further management at the L4-5 disc level. Subsequently, the patient presented with status epilepticus 9 hours later, with brain magnetic resonance imaging revealing anomalous hyperintensities in the left temporoparietal sulci and the left ambient cistern, prompting suspicion of subarachnoid hemorrhage. This study elucidates the procedural indication …

A Hidden Diagnosis: Neurogenic Bladder Leading to Acute Kidney Failure in Wolfram Syndrome.

Wolfram syndrome (WS) is a rare, autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive multisystemic involvement, including diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, diabetes insipidus, sensorineural hearing loss, and urological dysfunction. While diabetes mellitus is typically the first clinical sign, atypical presentations can delay the diagnosis. We report the case of a 15-year-old boy, born to consanguineous parents, who presented to the Emergency Department with status epilepticus due to acute kidney failure. His renal impairment resulted from urinary retention caused by und…

Modulation of epileptogenesis through transplantation of human mesenchymal stem cells with or without GDNF release.

Epilepsy is a central nervous system disorder causing uncontrollable seizures. One-third of patients do not respond to current medications, … (GDNF-MSCs, releasing 588.67 ± 20.14 pg/ml/24 h GDNF) into rat hippocampi after kainic acid-induced status epilepticus. Seizure progression was monitored for 5 weeks using video-EEG, behavioral assessments, and histological analysis. Both cell types influenced epileptogenesis. GDNF-MSCs delayed early-stage seizures, while Ctrl-MSCs reduced seizure frequency in later …

Diagnostic pathway and management of first seizures in infants with Sturge-Weber syndrome.

AIM: Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) is a rare neurocutaneous syndrome, frequently associated with pharmaco-resistant, early-onset epilepsy. Opt … xis (n = 8/49) decreased seizure burden. No patients on antiseizure medication prophylaxis suffered status epilepticus for longer than 30 minutes, and half of them (n = 4) had not developed seizures at last follow-up (aged 2-10 years). RESULTS: A parental survey enabled further service evaluation. Eighty-three per cent of parents considered local clinicians' unders …

Clinical features, pathogenesis, pathology, neuroimaging, clinical course and outcome of measles inclusion-body encephalitis: a systematic review of published case reports and case series.

Measles inclusion-body encephalitis (MIBE) is rare, with insights largely from case studies. We systematically analyzed subacute Sclerosing … mong SSPE cases. Seizures were the primary symptom in MIBE, often drug-resistant and progressing to status epilepticus or epilepsia partialis continua, whereas periodic myoclonus was universal in SSPE. Neuroimaging showed distinct patterns for each group, and histopathology confirmed measles virus presence in 39% of MIBE cases. MIBE patients typically progressed to …

Sex-based electroclinical differences and prognostic factors in epilepsy with eyelid myoclonia.

Although a striking female preponderance has been consistently reported in epilepsy with eyelid myoclonia (EEM), no study has specifically e … tients, multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed age at epilepsy onset, eyelid myoclonia status epilepticus, psychiatric comorbidities, and catamenial seizures as significant predictors of drug resistance. In male patients, a history of febrile seizures was the only predictor of drug resistance. Hence, our study reveals sex-specific differences in terms o …

Sustained overexpression of spliced X-box-binding protein-1 in neurons leads to spontaneous seizures and sudden death in mice.

The underlying etiologies of seizures are highly heterogeneous and remain incompletely understood. While studying the unfolded protein respo … is induced in XBP1s-TG mice, and by approximately 14 days post induction, the seizures evolve into status epilepticus with nearly continuous seizure activity followed by sudden death. Animal death is likely due to severe seizures because the anticonvulsant valproic acid could significantly prolong the lives of XBP1s-TG mice. Mechanistically, our gene profiling anal …

Progressive Mitochondrial Encephalopathy Due to the Novel Compound Heterozygous Variants c.182C>T and c.446A>AG in NARS2: A Case Report.

Progressive mitochondrial encephalopathy manifesting as developmental delay, regression, epilepsy, myoclonus, dystonia, and spasticity due to a novel compound heterozygous variant in NARS2 has not been reported. The patient is a 3.5-year-old female with normal psychomotor development until she experienced her first generalized status epilepticus at 4.5 months of age. After seizure control, generalized myoclonus and psychomotor regression became evident. She suffered from two other epileptic states and seizure control remained inadequate despite the use of multiple anti-seizure drugs. Neurologi…

Neuroinvasion of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2): future risk of epilepsy.

Central nervous system (CNS) infection is one of the important risk factors for epilepsy. COVID-19 pandemic, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has primarily been considered to involve respiratory system only, but it can also affect the CNS. A wide range of neurological manifestations have been reported in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients including seizures, status epilepticus, stroke, which are considered as important risk factors for the development of epilepsy. In post-mortem, brain tissue samples of COVID-19 patients have shown neuropathological cha…

Erythropoietin-Associated Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome.

INTRODUCTION: This case demonstrates an underrecognized cause of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). CASE REPORT: We report a 51-year-old male with a history of essential hypertension without preexisting renal impairment who presented with 3 days of occipital headache and convulsive status epilepticus in the setting of refractory hypertension. He had been receiving outpatient human recombinant erythropoietin injections for virally mediated bone marrow suppression, which worsened his baseline hypertension. Magnetic resosnance imaging (MRI) of the brain on admission showed diff…

In vivo anticonvulsant activity of 2-propanone-1,3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-ylidine in pilocarpine and strychnine induced-seizure models.

An imbalance between inhibitory (GABA) and excitatory (Glutamate) neurotransmission contribute to the development of epilepsy. Earlier studies reported that dysregulation of GABA and glutamatergic activities resulted in status epilepticus (SE) and ultimately support the development of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), a type of resistant epilepsy. In the earlier work, 2-propanone-1,3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-ylidine demonstrated anticonvulsant activity against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures. Apart from the PTZ-induced TLE, the dysregulation muscaranic receptors and glycine receptors…