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Vagal modification can be a valid predictor of late recurrence of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation independent of the pulmonary vein isolation technique.

BACKGROUND: Vagal denervation during pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) may reduce paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) recurrences. Valid predictors of late PAF recurrence after PVI were examined. METHODS AND RESULTS: Successful segmental (S-PVI) or circumferential PVI (C-PVI) was achieved in 120 consecutive PAF patients. The 24-h Holter recordings were obtained before and after PVI. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine independent predictors of PAF recurrence among the patient characteristics, PVI technique and heart rate variability (HRV). Of the 120 patients, 19 were exclud

Moderate hypothermia induces a preferential increase in pancreatic islet blood flow in anesthetized rats.

Hypertension is a major risk factor for developing cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Previous studies show that hypertrophied and failing hearts display alterations in excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling. However, it is unclear whether remodeling of the E-C coupling system occurs before or after heart disease development. We hypothesized that hypertension might cause changes in the E-C coupling system that, in turn, induce hypertrophy. Here we tested this hypothesis by utilizing the progressive development of hypertensive heart disease in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) to iden

Management of perforated peptic ulcer in patients at a teaching hospital.

OBJECTIVE: To explore and analyze the current status in management of patients with perforated peptic ulcers (PPU). METHODS: A retrospective study carried out at the Surgical Department, Al-Gamhouria Teaching Hospital, Aden, Yemen. Patients admitted with perforated benign peptic ulcers from January 1997 to December 2006 were included in the study. RESULTS: A total of 156 patients, 138 (88.5%) male and 18 (11.5%) female, with an overall mean age of 39.08 years (range 14-75 years) and a higher frequency of PPU was noted in patients 21-40 years (58.3%). The perforated duodenal ulcer and perfora

Peripheral Nerves in Cancer: Regulatory Roles and Therapeutic Strategies.

Cancer neuroscience has emerged as a transformative frontier in oncology research, focusing on the interplay between cancer cells and the nervous system. Cancer cells establish tumorspecific neural networks within tumor tissues via neurotrophic hijacking. The nervous system regulates tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis either directly by regulating signal transduction in tumor cells or indirectly by modulating the tumor microenvironment (TME). The positive feedback loop between cancer cells and nerves promotes tumor progression. Deciphering the regulatory role of nerves in tumor prog

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… A recent clinical study demonstrated that therapeutic vagotomy improves survival outcomes in patients with locally advanced unresectable gastric cancer by eliminating parasympathetic innervation, highlighting the potential application of vagotomy as a therapeutic strategy in gastric cancer treatment … Partecke et al. reported that subdiaphragmatic vagotomy promotes tumor growth and invasive features of tumor cells, revealing a protective role of parasympathetic innervation against cancer progression [ 113 ]. …

Long-Term Evaluation of the Vagal Denervation by Cardioneuroablation Using Holter and Heart Rate Variability.

BACKGROUND: Several disorders present reflex or persistent increase in vagal tone that may cause refractory symptoms even in a normal heart patient. Cardioneuroablation, the vagal denervation by radiofrequency ablation of the neuromyocardial interface, was developed to treat these conditions without pacemaker implantation. A theoretical limitation could be the reinnervation, that naturally grows in the first year, that could recover the vagal hyperactivity. This study aims to verify the vagal denervation degree in the chronic phase after cardioneuroablation. Additionally, it intends to investi

Calcium-fluxing glutamate receptors associated with primary gustatory afferent terminals in goldfish (Carassius auratus).

Presynaptic ionotropic glutamate receptors modulate transmission at primary afferent synapses in several glutamatergic systems. To test whether primary gustatory afferent fibers express Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA/kainate receptors, we utilized kainate-stimulated uptake of Co(2+) along with immunocytochemistry for the Ca(2+)-binding proteins (CaBPs) calbindin and calretinin to investigate the primary gustatory afferents in goldfish (Carassius auratus). In goldfish, the primary gustatory nucleus (equivalent to the gustatory portion of the nucleus of the solitary tract) includes the vagal lobe, which

Gastric surgery does not increase the risk of developing Barrett's esophagus.

OBJECTIVE: Barrett's esophagus is currently believed to be related to severe and prolonged pathological acid gastroesophageal reflux. However, other factors have been discussed, especially pancreatic biliary reflux. To determine the importance of pancreatic-biliary reflux in the genesis of Barrett's esophagus, we assessed the prevalence of Barrett's esophagus in patients with an intact stomach and in those with previous gastric surgery. METHODS: This is a retrospective study in which 22,236 upper digestive endoscopy reports were reviewed and classified into two groups: intact stomach (n = 21,

[Comparative study between dobutamine and other catecholamines in their effects on the cardiac contraction and rhythm (author's transl)].

Dobutamine (DOB) showed a dose dependent positive introphic effect on the right ventricular muscle of vagotomized Beagle dogs under pentobarbital anesthesia. Positve inotropic effects of other catecholamines (CA) decreased in the following order; isoproterenol (Iso, 115) greater than norepinephrine (NE, 15) greater than DOB (1) greater than dopamine (DA, 0.36). Brachiocephalic arterial flow was also increased by DOB with a positive inotropic effect in the right ventricular muscle. Though the positive inotropic effect of DOB was slightly decreased by pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine, such was

Cardiac vagal control in a knock-in mouse model of dilated cardiomyopathy with a troponin mutation.

The aim of this study was to evaluate cardiac vagal nerve activity and identify the abnormality of cardiac vagal control in heart failure caused by dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) using a knock-in mouse model with a ΔK210 mutation in the cardiac troponin T gene. The effects of electrical stimulation of the cervical vagal nerve at 5 and 10Hz (peripheral vagal control) and α2-adrennoceptor stimulation by intravenous medetomidine at 0.1mg/kg (central vagal control) were examined in wild-type (WT) mice and DCM mice. Microdialysis technique was applied to the left ventricular myocardium of anesthetize

Effects of peripherally and centrally applied ghrelin in the pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion induced injury of the small intestine.

Ghrelin is an important hormone involved in the control of the human appetite center. Recently, protective properties of this hormone have b … administered ghrelin. Selective blockade of the adrenergic system or blunting of the vagal nerves (vagotomy) significantly but not totally eliminated the effects of centrally applied ghrelin, which were abolished when both adrenergic and parasympathetic pathways were ablated. These results indicate that ghrelin applied centrally or peripherally markedly i …

[Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of postoperative reflux gastritis].

Postoperative reflux gastritis in persons who were operated on for peptic ulcer occurs much more frequently after resection of the stomach (68.6%) than after organ-preserving operations on the stomach (39.4%). The incidence of reflux gastritis after gastric resection depends on the type of gastroenteroanastomosis. It is encountered much less frequently after Roux' operation (9.2%). The pronounced character and frequency of reflux gastritis after organ-preserving operations on the stomach are determined by the type of stomach-draining operations, the localization of the ulcer before the operati

NMDA antagonists attenuate hypertension induced by carotid clamping in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of rats.

The purpose of these experiments were to study the interactions of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) with baroreceptor reflexes induced by transient carotid clamping. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with urethane. Bilateral common carotid artery occlusion resulted in a reversible and reproducible hypertension in the vagotomized animals. This hypertensive reaction was blocked by intraventricular injection of NMDA antagonists, such as 2-amino-7-phosphono-heptaneoate (AP-7) and phencyclidine (PCP). We also found that blood pressure-sensitive neurons of the rostral ventrolateral medulla

The cardiovascular effects of quipazine are mediated by peripheral 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptors in anaesthetized rats.

Quipazine (0.5-2 mg/kg i.v.) produced transient hypotension and bradycardia followed by sustained hypertension and variable effects on heart rate in anaesthetized rats. The hypotension, bradycardia and sympatho-inhibitory effects of quipazine were attenuated by bivagotomy. In bivagotomized rats, the hypertension produced by quipazine was not modified by hexamethonium or prazosin but was abolished by ritanserin (1 mg/kg i.v.). In ritanserin-treated rats, section of the carotid sinus nerves and vagus nerves or ICS 205.930 (0.1 mg/kg i.v.) abolished the hypotensive, bradycardic and sympatho-inhib…

Interaction of the chemoreflex and the pulmonary inflation reflex in the regulation of coronary circulation in conscious dogs.

The interaction of chemoreflex and pulmonary inflation reflex control of the coronary circulation was examined in conscious dogs by comparing the responses to chemoreflex stimulation (intracarotid injection of nicotine) when ventilation was allowed to increase with those when ventilation was controlled. The responses were also compared with those elicited by both forced mechanical and spontaneous hyperinflation. When the heart rate was constant, intracarotidly administered nicotine induced an increase in the depth of respiration followed closely by an increase in late diastolic coronary flow f