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Rethinking corticosteroids use in oncology.

Corticosteroids (CSs), widely used in oncology for their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties, help manage cancer-related symptoms and side effects. However, their long-term use may negatively affect patient survival and exacerbate tumor progression. Elevated glucose and glutamine metabolism, disruption of vitamin D levels, and alterations in the microbiome are some of the key factors contributing to these adverse outcomes. Approaches such as ketogenic diets, fasting, sartans, and vitamin D supplementation have shown promise in providing similar benefits to CSs while mitigating t

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… Meanwhile, IBS patients using inhaled CSs showed an increased abundance of Streptococcus mutans and Bifidobacterium dentium ( Vich Vila et al., 2020 ). …

Exploring the Influence of Oral and Gut Microbiota on Ulcerative Mucositis: A Pilot Cohort Study.

AIM: Comparing oral and gut microbiome profiles between patients with and without ulcerative mucositis during allogeneic stem cell transplantation (aSCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Specimens from oral mucosa, saliva, and stool were collected pre-(T0) and post- (T0 +28d ± 14d) aSCT (T1). Microbiome structure differences were analyzed by 16S-rRNA-gene sequencing, and associations to patients' clinical characteristics were investigated. RESULTS: Ten of 25 included patients developed ulcerations. The α-diversity decreased between T0 and T1, independent of ulcerations. PERMANOVA revealed differences

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… The most abundant taxa belonged to the genera Bacteroides , Enterococcus , Bifidobacterium , and Blautia (Figure 4a ). …

Revolutionary drug repositioning: the preventive and therapeutic potential of metformin and other antidiabetic drugs in age-related macular degeneration.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness among the elderly worldwide. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections remain the first-line therapy for AMD. However, their high cost and the need for frequent administration pose challenges to long-term adherence, highlighting the need for accessible and cost-effective preventive strategies. Emerging evidence suggests that traditional antidiabetic drugs, such as metformin, sulfonylureas, and thiazolidinediones, may offer neuroprotective benefits, opening new avenues for AMD prevention. Among these, me

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… Metformin increases the abundance of Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia and promotes the production of short-chain fatty acids, thereby reducing pathological retinal neovascularization through the “gut-retina axis.” …

20 Years of Legislation - How Australia Has Responded to the Challenge of Regulating Genetically Modified Organisms in the Clinic.

•In contrast to the prior voluntary system, since 2001, gene technology in Australia has been regulated under a legislated national Gene Technology Regulatory Scheme which is administered by the Gene Technology Regulator.•The Scheme provides science-based assessment of the potential risks of gene technology to the health and safety of people and the environment.•It complements the role of the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration which regulates all therapeutic products in Australia to ensure they are safe and effective.•Recent reforms to the Scheme contribute to, and anticipate, the con

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… AAV, Adeno-associated virus of various serotypes; Adenovirus , includes various human, chimpanzee, and ovine serotypes; Poxviridae, includes various strains of Vaccinia virus and Fowlpox virus ; Herpesviridae, includes Herpes simplex virus 1 and Human cytomegalovirus ; Bacterium, includes Bifidobacterium …

Understanding the Mechanisms of Diet and Outcomes in Colon, Prostate, and Breast Cancer; Malignant Gliomas; and Cancer Patients on Immunotherapy.

Cancer patients often ask which foods would be best to consume to improve outcomes. This is a difficult question to answer as there are no case-controlled, prospective studies that control for confounding factors. Therefore, a literature review utilizing PubMed was conducted with the goal to find evidence-based support for certain diets in specific cancer patients-specifically, we reviewed data for colon cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, malignant gliomas, and cancer patients on immunotherapy. Improved outcomes in colon cancer and patients on immunotherapy were found with high-fiber diet

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… review of literature pertaining to both patients and rat models has shown that in the presence of CRC, certain bacterial species ( Fusobacteria, Alistipes, Porphyromonadaceae, Coriobacteridae, Staphylococcaceae, Akkermansia spp. and Methanobacteriales ) are noted to be predominant and other species ( Bifidobacterium …

Cardiotoxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Cardiac toxicity after conventional antineoplastic drugs (eg, anthracyclines) has historically been a relevant issue. In addition, targeted therapies and biological molecules can also induce cardiotoxicity. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are a novel class of anticancer drugs, distinct from targeted or tumour type-specific therapies. Cancer immunotherapy with immune checkpoint blockers (ie, monoclonal antibodies targeting cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1)) has revolutionised the management of a wide variety of malignancies

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… Commensal Bifidobacterium promotes antitumor immunity and facilitates anti-PD-L1 efficacy. Science 2015;350:1084–9. 10.1126/science.aac4255 …

Can medicinal mushrooms have prophylactic or therapeutic effect against COVID-19 and its pneumonic superinfection and complicating inflammation?

Medicinal mushrooms have documented effects against different diseases, including infections and inflammatory disorders. The related Basidiomycota Agaricus blazei Murill (AbM), Hericium erinaceus (HE), and Grifola frondosa (GF) have been shown to exert antimicrobial activity against viral agents, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and parasites in vitro and in vivo. Since the mechanism is immunomodulatory and not antibiotical, the mushrooms should be active against multi-drug resistant microbes as well. Moreover, since these Basidiomycota also have anti-inflammatory properties, they may

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… beneficial gut bacteria was promoted. 54 Additionally, a HE polysaccharide was shown to attenuate colitis in mice by reversing gut dysbiosis from potentially proinflammatory microbes, for example Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus , to potentially anti‐inflammatory microbes, for example Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium …

Обзор гута дисбиоза и недоедания в неврологических расстройствах: последствия, признаки и перспективные терапевтические подходы.

Предыстория/цели: Неврологические заболевания растут во всем мире, однако биологические процессы, лежащие в основе этих заболеваний, по-прежнему плохо понимаются, а существующие методы лечения неэффективны при прекращении развития заболеваний. Появляющиеся данные свидетельствуют о том, что дисбиоз оси микробиота-гут-мозгов и недоедание являются сопутствующими факторами неврологической дисфункции. Методы: Была разработана расширенная стратегия поиска с использованием многопланового подхода в различных базах данных для выявления приемлемых исследований, опубликованных в период с января 2010 года

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… Korf et al. [ 18 ] found that higher levels of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are associated with a reduced risk of seizures and that ketogenic diets can alter the microbiota and improve seizure control [ 18 ]. …

Mechanisms of Cancer Resistance to Immunotherapy.

Over the last decade, based on the extensive development of preclinical animal studies and clinical trials, the efficacy, and mechanisms of immunotherapy have been fully explored. Significant and lasting clinical responses with immunotherapy provide a new breakthrough treatment for a variety of refractory cancer histologies, which gradually change the treatment pattern of tumors. However, although immune checkpoint inhibitor drugs are promising for achieving longer-term efficacy, their benefits in the overall population are still very low, such as low frequency of response in some common tumor

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… Commensal bifidobacterium promotes antitumor immunity and facilitates anti-PD-L1 efficacy. Science. (2015) 350:1084–9. 10.1126/science.aac4255 114. Vétizou M, Pitt JM, Daillère R, Lepage P, Waldschmitt N, Flament C, et al. Anticancer immunotherapy by CTLA-4 blockade relies on the gut microbiota. …

Sex Differences in Cancer Immunotherapy-Clinical Evidence and Mechanisms With a Focus on NSCLC.

Accumulating evidence suggests that the immune system shows subtle but relevant differences between men and women. These differences may have an impact on cancer development and TME composition as well as responses to and adverse events elicited by immunotherapies. Several, albeit not all, clinical trials indicate a greater benefit from mono-immunotherapies over chemotherapies for male patients than for female patients, especially in non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma. Vice versa, female patients might benefit more from chemo-immunotherapies. In human as well as animal models, sex differe

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… Beneficial gut bacteria like Bifidobacterium species can enhance dendritic cell (DC) activation and maturation, which is critical for CD8+ T cell priming and accumulation in the TME in a melanoma mouse model. …

Targeting immunosenescence for improved tumor immunotherapy.

Tumor immunotherapy has significantly transformed the field of oncology over the past decade. An optimal tumor immunotherapy would ideally elicit robust innate and adaptive immune responses within tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Unfortunately, immune system experiences functional decline with chronological age, a process termed "immunosenescence," which contributes to impaired immune responses against pathogens, suboptimal vaccination outcomes, and heightened vulnerability to various diseases, including cancer. In this context, we will elucidate hallmarks and molecular mechanisms underly

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… Castro‐Herrera et al. found that elderly subjects had better responses to seasonal influenza vaccination after a year of probiotic therapy (e.g., Lacticaseibacillus and Bifidobacterium ). 225 Additionally, giving healthy elderly individuals Lactobacilli and soluble corn fiber boosted NK cell responses …

The role of polyamine metabolism in remodeling immune responses and blocking therapy within the tumor immune microenvironment.

The study of metabolism provides important information for understanding the biological basis of cancer cells and the defects of cancer treatment. Disorders of polyamine metabolism is a common metabolic change in cancer. With the deepening of understanding of polyamine metabolism, including molecular functions and changes in cancer, polyamine metabolism as a new anti-cancer strategy has become the focus of attention. There are many kinds of polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors and transport inhibitors, but not many drugs have been put into clinical application. Recent evidence shows that polyamin

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… Studies have shown that supplementation with arginine and/or Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis LKM512 increases the content of polyamines in the intestine of mice and significantly prolongs lifespan, which is related to the down-regulation of inflammation-related genes and the improvement of intestinal … Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Lkm512 reduces levels of intestinal trimethylamine produced by intestinal microbiota in healthy volunteers: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Funct Foods (2017) 36:94–101. doi: 10.1016/J.JFF.2017.06.032 27. Matsumoto M, Ohishi H, Benno Y. …

RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS OF THE 34th ECVIM-CA CONGRESS.

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… Microbes Associated with Resolution of Canine Acute Noninfectious Colitis ESCG‐O‐8 | 10.00‐10.15 | Chen | Functional gene profile and targeted metabolome in dogs with chronic enteropathy ESCG‐O‐9 | 10.15‐10.30 | Barko | Disruptions in microbial tryptophan catabolism are associated with fecal abundance of Bifidobacterium …

Impact of Periodontal Host-Modulation Therapies on Oral-Gut Microbiome Axis in Periodontitis Patients with Hematological Diseases: A Narrative Review.

Host-modulating therapies and oral microbiome-targeted approaches are emerging options in periodontal care and are especially relevant for patients undergoing immunotherapy for hematologic malignancies. Immune dysregulation induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors or CAR-T cell therapy may worsen periodontal inflammation and alter the composition and functions of the oral microbiota. Beyond these, other immunomodulatory treatments commonly employed in hematologic malignancies-including monoclonal antibodies (e.g., rituximab, daratumumab), immunomodulatory drugs (e.g., lenalidomide, thalidomide)

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… In the oral cavity, probiotic strains such as Lactobacillus reuteri, Streptococcus salivarius, and Bifidobacterium species have shown the ability to inhibit the growth of periodontal pathogens, reduce inflammation, and improve clinical parameters like probing depth and bleeding on probing. …

Роль микробиомы в множестве миелом: новые знания и терапевтические возможности.

Множественная миелома — гематологический рак, описываемый распространением плазменных клеток в костном мозге, что вызывает иммунную дисфункцию и другие аномалии. Микробиом кишечника, микробное сообщество в желудочно-кишечном тракте, было обнаружено, что он модифицирует системный иммунитет, воспаление и метаболизм. Хотя взаимосвязь между кишечным микробиомом и множеством миелома была обнаружена в недавних исследованиях, существует пробел в знаниях, связывающий воздействие микробиома на патогенез и лечение множественной миеломы. Несбалансированность в кишечном микробиоме, дисбиозе, может влиять

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… In MM, specific probiotic strains such as Bifidobacterium longum and Collinsella have shown promise in enhancing gut barrier function, reducing inflammation, and promoting anti-tumor immunity [ 20 ]. …

Redox Remodeling by Nutraceuticals for Prevention and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Inflammation.

Antioxidant-rich dietary regimens are considered the best practice to maintain health, control inflammation, and prevent inflammatory diseases. Yet, nutraceuticals as food supplements are self-prescribed and purchasable over the counter by healthy individuals for the purpose of beneficial effects on fitness and aging. Hence, the effectiveness, safety, and correct intake of these compounds need to be better explored. Since redox-modulating activity of these compounds appears to be involved in activation and or suppression of immune cells, the preventive use of nutraceuticals is very attractive

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… A large and timely reduction of the incidence of T1D was also observed when a combination of Lactobacilli ( acidophilus , casei , reuteri ), Bifidobacterium bifidium and Streptococcus thermophilus (IRT5), referable to induction of Treg and concomitant reduction of Th1 polarization also associated to …

Microbiome and pancreatic cancer: time to think about chemotherapy.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive cancer characterized by late diagnosis, rapid progression, and a high mortality rate. Its complex biology, characterized by a dense, stromal tumor environment with an immunosuppressive milieu, contributes to resistance against standard treatments like chemotherapy and radiation. This comprehensive review explores the dynamic role of the microbiome in modulating chemotherapy efficacy and outcomes in PDAC. It delves into the microbiome's impact on drug metabolism and resistance, and the interaction between microbial elements, drugs,

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… Yeung et al. (2015) demonstrated that Lactobacillus casei , Lactobacillus rhamnosus , and Bifidobacterium bifidum can mitigate chemotherapy-induced diarrhea in murine models. 174 They do this primarily by downregulating the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- α ), interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β … Commensal bifidobacterium promotes antitumor immunity and facilitates anti–PD-L1 efficacy. Science. 2015;350(6264):1084–1089. doi: 10.1126/science.aac4255. 12. Routy B, Le Chatelier E, Derosa L, Duong CPM, Alou MT, Daillère R, Fluckiger A, Messaoudene M, Rauber C, Roberti MP, et al. …

CAR-T Cell Therapy in the Treatment of Pediatric Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) are a group of cancers that originate in the lymphatic system, especially from progenitor or mature B-cells, T-cells, or natural killer (NK) cells. NHL is the most common hematological malignancy worldwide and also the fourth most frequent type of cancer among pediatric patients. This cancer can occur in children of any age, but it is quite rare under the age of 5 years. In recent decades, available medicines and therapies have significantly improved the prognosis of patients with this cancer. However, some cases of NHL are treatment resistant. For this reason, immu

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… Their findings include Bifidobacterium correlation with stimulated production of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1 and IL-6, and subsequent possible association with CRS severity [ 173 ]. There is little knowledge on gut microbes’ ways of modulating the host’s immune system. …

Brazilian Nutritional Consensus in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Adults.

The nutritional status of patients submitted to hematopoietic stem cell transplant is considered an independent risk factor, which may influence on quality of life and tolerance to the proposed treatment. The impairment of nutritional status during hematopoietic stem cell transplant occurs mainly due to the adverse effects resulting from conditioning to which the patient is subjected. Therefore, adequate nutritional evaluation and follow-up during hematopoietic stem cell transplant are essential. To emphasize the importance of nutritional status and body composition during treatment, as well a

Immune checkpoint blockade in the treatment of malignant tumor: current statue and future strategies.

After being stagnant for decades, there has finally been a paradigm shift in the treatment of cancer with the emergence and application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The most extensively utilized ICIs are targeting the pathways involving programmed death-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4). PD-1, as an crucial immune inhibitory molecule, by and large reasons the immune checkpoint response of T cells, making tumor cells get away from immune surveillance. Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is exceptionally expressed in most cancers cells and approves n

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… It has been shown that the efficacy of treatment with ICIs decreases with the use of antibiotics and is better in certain specific intestinal microorganisms, such as Bifidobacterium spp., Eckermannia spp. and Bacteroidetes spp. …