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Enamel knots as signaling centers linking tooth morphogenesis and odontoblast differentiation.

Odontoblasts differentiate from the cells of the dental papilla, and it has been well-established that their differentiation in developing t … rst epithelial signals from the early oral ectoderm induce the odontogenic potential in the cranial neural crest cells. The next step in the determination of the odontogenic cell lineage is the development of the dental papilla from odontogenic mesenchyme. The formation of the dental papilla starts at the onset of the transition from the bud to the cap stage o …

Терапевтический потенциал зубных мезенхимальных стволовых клеток в сравнении с мезенхимальными стволовыми клетками из других источников: систематический обзор исследований животных.

ЦЕНТРАЛЬНАЯ терапия на основе стволовых клеток, являющаяся одной из важнейших областей регенеративной медицины, направлена на совершенствование механизмов ремонта тела (d) путем стимулирования, модуляции и регулирования внутренних стволовых клеток или пополнения пулов клеток, способствуя тем самым развитию гомеостаза и регенерации тканей и предлагая перспективное лечение многочисленных системных заболеваний. В настоящем систематическом обзоре содержится всеобъемлющее резюме исследований животных, в ходе которых изучается эффективность зубоврачебных мезенхимальных стволовых клеток (НКЦ) в лечен

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Stem cell-based therapy, a crucial area of regenerative medicine, aims to enhance the body’s repair mechanisms by stimulating, m … of various dental-derived stem cells, including DPSCs (Dental Pulp Stem Cells), DPNCCs (Dental Pulp Neural Crest Cells), GMSCs (Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cells), SHEDs (Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth), and PDLSCs (Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells) with other stem cell sources in preclinical animal models. DMSCs demonstrated significant osteoge …

WNT signaling, the development of the sympathoadrenal-paraganglionic system and neuroblastoma.

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a tumor of the sympathoadrenal system arising in children under 15 years of age. In Germany, NB accounts for 7% of childhood cancer cases, but 11% of cancer deaths. It originates from highly migratory progenitor cells that leave the dorsal neural tube and contribute neurons and glial cells to sympathetic ganglia, and chromaffin and supportive cells to the adrenal medulla and paraganglia. Clinically, histologically and molecularly, NBs present as extremely heterogeneous, ranging from very good to very poor prognosis. The etiology of NB still remains unclear and needs to be

Transcriptomic concentration-response evaluation of valproic acid, cyproconazole, and hexaconazole in the neural embryonic stem cell test (ESTn).

Alternative developmental toxicity assays are urgently needed to reduce animal use in regulatory developmental toxicology. We previously designed an in vitro murine neural embryonic stem cell test (ESTn) as a model for neurodevelopmental toxicity testing (Theunissen et al., 2010). Toxicogenomic approaches have been suggested for incorporation into the ESTn to further increase predictivity and to provide mechanistic insights. Therefore, in this study, using a transcriptomic approach, we investigated the concentration-dependent effects of three known (neuro) developmental toxicants, two triazole

Characterization of Pitx2c expression in the mouse heart using a reporter transgene.

To aid in detection and tracking of cells targeted by the left-right (LR) pathway in the heart throughout morphogenesis, expression from a Pitx2c-lacZ transgene (P2Ztg) was analysed in detail. β-galactosidase expression from P2Ztg was robust, allowing reliable visualisation of low-level Pitx2c expression, and was virtually entirely dependent upon NODAL signalling in the heart. P2Ztg showed expression in trabecular and septal, as well as non-trabecular, myocardium, and a strong expression bias in myocardium associated with individual endocardial cushions of the atrioventricular canal and outflo

Retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2)-mediated retinoic acid synthesis regulates early mouse embryonic forebrain development by controlling FGF and sonic hedgehog signaling.

Although retinoic acid (RA) has been implicated as one of the diffusible signals regulating forebrain development, patterning of the forebrain has not been analyzed in detail in knockout mouse mutants deficient in embryonic RA synthesis. We show that the retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2) enzyme is responsible for RA synthesis in the mouse craniofacial region and forebrain between the 8- and 15-somite stages. Raldh2-/- knockout embryos exhibit defective morphogenesis of various forebrain derivatives, including the ventral diencephalon, the optic and telencephalic vesicles. These defects ar

A comprehensive analysis of ganglioneuromas: a 30-year experience of 101 patients.

OBJECTIVE: Ganglioneuromas (GNs) are rare benign tumors arising from sympathetic neural crest derivatives, with limited large-scale data guiding management. The objective of this study was to characterize the clinical presentation, imaging features, surgical management, and long-term outcomes of patients with GN treated at a single institution over a 30-year period. METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective review of all patients diagnosed with GN between 1995 and 2025 at a single institution. Clinical data, imaging characteristics, operative details, perioperative complications, and lon…

The Enteric Nervous System: An Integrative Hub From Development to Systemic Physiology.

The enteric nervous system (ENS) constitutes the largest and most functionally autonomous subdivision of the peripheral nervous system in ve … nment. We first examine the developmental ontogeny of enteric neurons, emphasizing vagal and sacral neural crest contributions, the GDNF-RET chemotactic axis governing colonization, and the hierarchical transcriptional cascades (PHOX2B, ASCL1, HAND2) that specify cholinergic, nitrergic, and serotonergic lineages. We next dissect the molecular architecture of t …

Cranial Appendages in Ruminants: Diversity, Evolution, Development, and Molecular Basis of Horns, Pronghorns, Antlers, and Ossicones.

Ruminants are unique among living mammals in possessing paired bony cranial appendages in the form of horns, pronghorns, antlers, or ossicon … nknown. In contrast, molecular and cellular studies identify shared developmental pathways, cranial neural crest-derived progenitors, and conserved regulatory genes, including RXFP2, ALX1, SOX9, and components of Wnt signaling, which are consistent with a shared developmental module. We conclude that the homology of pecoran cranial appendages remains unresolve …

Arsenic trioxide triggers ferroptosis in neuroblastoma via USF1/GPX4 axis.

Neuroblastoma (NB) is an extracranial solid tumor arising from impaired differentiation of primitive neural crest cells. High-risk NB (HR-NB), which comprises roughly 40% of cases, has a dismal prognosis. Considering the high iron demand of NB cells and the vulnerability of therapy-resistant cells to ferroptosis, ferroptosis represents a promising therapeutic strategy. Arsenic trioxide(ATO), a clinically approved anti-tumor agent, has shown efficacy across various malignancies. Our previous clinical study provided preliminary evidence of ATO's therapeutic efficacy in high-risk NB, particularly…

Schwann Cell Mapping and Characterization in Bone of Different Embryonic Origins.

Schwann cells (SCs) provide support for nerves throughout the body. Despite importance for nerve function and repair, the morphology and dis … m. Similar to mature SCs, p75-NGFR+ candidate iSCs were more prevalent at a ratio of ~3:1. Overall, neural crest-derived calvarial bone had evidence of increased SC maturity relative to mesoderm-derived sites, identifying niche-level differences in SC maturation. Lastly, lineage tracing revealed that mesenchymal lineages in bone were largely negative for both …

Whole Genome Sequencing Reveals a RET Enhancer Risk Haplotype Associated with Hirschsprung Disease in Mowat Wilson Syndrome.

Mowat Wilson syndrome (MWS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mostly heterozygous loss-of-function variants in ZEB2. Affected … m the developing human fetal gut and neocortex. ZEB2 and RET show overlapping expression in enteric neural crest progenitors and neuroblasts but minimal overlap in the developing neocortex, indicating that reduced RET dosage is likely to have tissue-specific effects in the enteric nervous system. Together, these results support a model in which common regulato …

Loss of enteric BDNF-TrkB signaling and VIPergic dysfunction underlie gastrointestinal dysmotility in a Mecp2-null mouse model of Rett syndrome.

Gastrointestinal (GI) dysmotility is a highly prevalent and clinically significant feature of Rett syndrome (RTT), yet its underlying mechan … tially affects distinct inhibitory neuronal subpopulations. Finally, conditional loss of TrkB.FL in neural crest-derived cells reduced Vip expression without recapitulating the full Mecp2-null VIPergic phenotype, indicating that impaired BDNF-TrkB signaling contributes to, but does not completely explain, the GI dysmotility in this model of RTT. Together, thes …

The melanocytic transcriptomic state is independently associated with poor overall survival in patients with metastatic melanoma.

Melanomas display distinct transcriptomic states, but it remains unclear how they associate with clinical outcomes. We performed digital spa … ferentiated melanoma, PC2 reflected immune cell infiltration, PC3 corresponded to stromal cells and neural crest-like melanoma, and PC4 associated with melanocytic melanoma. Across a cohort of treatment-naïve ITM, high expression of the melanocytic state conferred a median MSS difference of 7.72 years (melanocytic "high" = 5.16 years versus "low" = 12.88 years …

RNA methylation and the potential role of folate supplementation in preventing Hirschsprung disease.

PURPOSE: To determine whether folate supplementation may reduce the incidence of Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) by regulating the methylation level of growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5). METHODS: The m6A methylation deficiency model and folate supplementation model were created using the m6A inhibitor 3-Deazaadenosine (DAZ) and folate, respectively. The effects of folate on the morphology, mortality, and number of HuC/D positive neurons in zebrafish were observed. The methylation level and proliferation ability of mouse enteric neural crest stem cells (ENCSCs) were detected by m6A ELISA and EdU ass…

Schwann Cells in Development, Regeneration, and Therapeutic Applications: Insights From the Sciatic Nerve Model.

The sciatic nerve is the largest nerve in the human body and is frequently affected by lesions, causing pain and even loss of sensitivity. The sciatic nerve injury model provides a robust platform to study the degeneration-regeneration process. In this context, Schwann cells (SC) are central regulators of peripheral nervous system (PNS) development, homeostasis, and regeneration. During development, SC arise from neural crest-derived precursors and undergo tightly regulated lineage progression, culminating in myelinating and non-myelinating phenotypes. This process is orchestrated by coordinat…

Transradial Embolization Prior to Surgical Resection of a Cardiac Paraganglioma Presenting as an Acute Coronary Syndrome With Normal Coronaries.

BACKGROUND Cardiac paragangliomas are extremely rare neuroendocrine tumors arising from chromaffin cells of neural crest origin. These tumors are typically hypervascular and can derive part of their arterial supply from the coronary circulation. Because of their rarity and heterogeneous clinical presentation, diagnosis can be challenging. Symptoms can result from catecholamine secretion, local mass effect on adjacent cardiac structures, or incidental discovery during imaging studies. In rare cases, cardiac paragangliomas may mimic an acute coronary syndrome despite the absence of obstructive c…

Expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in human tumors: a tissue microarray study evaluating 18,666 tumors from 150 different tumor entities.

TH immunohistochemistry (IHC) has been proposed as a sensitive and specific tool for the distinction of pheochromocytomas or paragangliomas … oendocrine neoplasms from several organs (up to 4.3%) and colorectal adenocarcinoma (0.2%). In "non-neural crest" derived tumors, TH staining was often limited to few interspersed cells. In conclusion, a strong positive TH immunostaining is highly specific for pheochromocytomas, ganglioneuroma, and paragangliomas although sensitivity is < 30% for paraganglioma …

Electrocardiographic findings in newborns with bicuspid aortic valve.

BACKGROUND: Bicuspid aortic valve is considered to have a multifactorial origin. Some research suggests a defect in neural crest cell signalling may increase the risk of developing bicuspid aortic valve, and also impact on the proximal conduction system. PURPOSE: To examine electrocardiographic parameters in unselected newborns from the general population diagnosed with bicuspid aortic valve within 30 days after birth. METHODS: This is a substudy of the Copenhagen Baby Heart Study; a multicentre, prospective, population-based cohort study with prenatal inclusion. Cardiac examination, includi…

Genomics guiding personalized first-line immunotherapy response in lung and bladder tumors.

BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized cancer treatment, particularly in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NS … ve inflammatory and immune pathways, while pathways enriched in non-responders related to FGFR3 and neural crest differentiation, associated to resistance mechanisms. In MIBC, responders had alterations in DNA repair, leading to more neoantigens and a stronger ICI response. Importantly, for the first time, we found that LINE-1 activation was positively linked …