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Publisher Correction: Investigation of the relationship between COVID-19 disease and semen parameters in idiopathic male infertility patients.

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27 (1): 378-383-DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202301_30891-PMID: 36647886, published online on January 13, 2023. This … s the presence of the ACE2 receptor, a target for SARS-CoV-2 infection in Spermatogonia, Leydig and sertoli Cells. Cells 2020; 9: 920. 12.          Dejucq N, Jégou B. Viruses in the mammalian male genital tract and their effects on the reproductive system. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2001; 65: 208-231. 13.          Heller CG, Clermont Y. Spermatogenesis in man: an e …

Cost-effectiveness of recombinant human erythropoietin in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced anaemia.

Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) has been advocated for the treatment of anaemia in patients submitted to cancer chemotherapy. We used decision analysis to compare the cost-effectiveness of rHuEPO supplemented with red blood cell (RBC) transfusions with conventional treatment with RBC transfusions alone. At baseline, we analysed the use of rHuEPO as secondary prophylaxis according to effectiveness estimates from a community-based oncology study. In order to reduce the probability of transfusions from 21.9% to 10.4%, and the number of RBC units per patient per month from 0.55 to 0.29,

Exosomes in oncofertility: emerging roles in chemotherapy-induced reproductive damage and fertility preservation.

ABSTRACT: Oncofertility has emerged as a critical interdisciplinary field addressing the reproductive challenges faced by cancer patients, particularly those undergoing chemotherapy. While chemotherapeutic agents remain indispensable in cancer therapy, their gonadotoxic effects frequently result in diminished ovarian reserve, impaired spermatogenesis, and long-term infertility. Exosomes - small extracellular vesicles enriched with nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids - are increasingly recognized as key mediators of intercellular communication in both pathological and regenerative contexts. Rec

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… Using in vitro Sertoli cell models and prepubertal mouse models exposed to cyclophosphamide and busulfan, h-UCMSC-Exo preserved the SSC niche, reduced cellular damage, and improved fertility outcomes. … Exosome-derived small RNAs in mouse sertoli cells inhibit spermatogonial apoptosis. Theriogenology 200 155–167. ( 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.02.011) Gardiner C, Tannetta DS, Simms CA, et al. 2011. …

Hidrox® Counteracts Cyclophosphamide-Induced Male Infertility through NRF2 Pathways in a Mouse Model.

BACKGROUND: Every year, men use cyclophosphamide to treat various cancers and autoimmune diseases. On the one hand, this chemotherapy often has the beneficial effect of regressing the tumor, but on the other hand, it leads to infertility due to excessive oxidative stress and apoptosis in the testes caused by its metabolite, acrolein. METHODS: The objective of this study was to evaluate the beneficial power of a new compound called Hidrox®, containing 40-50% hydroxytyrosol, in counteracting the damage related to fertility induced by cyclophosphamide. The study was conducted using a single intr

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… Moreover, Sertoli cells are visible in different sections as well as Leydig cells, having prominent cytoplasm and well-defined nuclei. … The mechanism includes complex interactions between germ cells in development and the Sertoli cells that sustain them [ 107 ]. …

Gene regulation by non-Coding RNAs in infertility: a mechanistic review.

Infertility is a significant global health issue affecting millions of couples, with noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) emerging as pivotal regulators in reproductive biology. This review explores the roles of various ncRNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in male and female infertility. These ncRNAs modulate critical processes such as spermatogenesis, oogenesis, follicular development, and embryo implantation through mechanisms like post-transcriptional regulation, chromatin remode

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… Further research has also demonstrated how different miRNAs may influence spermatogenesis by controlling Sertoli cell activity. As vital somatic cells, Sertoli cells are important for both the spermatogenic process and testicular growth [ 210 ]. … For example, miR-1285 and miR-762 have been demonstrated to increase the activity of porcine Sertoli cells by altering the expression of the ring finger protein 4 (RNF4) gene [ 211 ]. …

Enzymatic tissue processing after testicular biopsy in non-obstructive azoospermia enhances sperm retrieval.

STUDY QUESTION: What is the added value of enzymatic processing of testicular biopsies on testicular sperm retrieval (SR) rates for patients with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA)? SUMMARY ANSWER: In addition to mechanical mincing, enzymatic digestion increased SR rates in testicular biopsies of NOA patients. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Many studies focus on the surgical approach to optimize recovery of testicular sperm in NOA, and in spite of that, controversy still exists about whether the type of surgery makes any difference as long as multiple biopsies are taken. Few studies, however, focus o

UMIB Summit 2015

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… P04 – How does Sertoli cell Metabolism Responds to the Reduced Testosterone Levels Induced by Progressive Stages of Diabetes Mellitus? … Herein, we hypothesize that leptin affects spermatogenesis by altering Sertoli cells (SCs) metabolism. …

Antioxidant effects of Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira platensis) on cyclophosphamide-induced testicular injury in rats.

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is known to reduce fertility. The protective effects of Spirulina plantesis (SP) against CP-induced testicular toxicity were investigated. Male Wistar rats were categorized into eight groups (n = 7). Four groups of rats were administered CP at a dose of 5 mg in 5 mL distilled water kg-1 per day orally. Two of these groups were received SP (500 and 1000 mg kg-1 per day) orally after CP administration. One of these groups was also received vitamin E (100 mg kg-1 per day) intraperitoneally. A vehicle treated control group, two SP control groups (500 and 1000 mg kg-1 per day)

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… The qualitative changes of testes were recorded and degenerating Leydig cells and abnormal Sertoli cells were considered. … The junction of Sertoli cells with germ cells was lost and their nuclei were seemed irregular and smaller than control rats ( Figs. 2A and 2B ). The SP-co-treated animals showed minimal histological aberrations and were recovered from CP-induced injuries ( Figs. 2E and 2F ). …

Hesperidin Mitigates Cyclophosphamide-Induced Testicular Dysfunction via Altering the Hypothalamic Pituitary Gonadal Axis and Testicular Steroidogenesis, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in Male Rats.

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a cytotoxic, cell cycle, non-specific, and antiproliferative drug. This study aimed to address the toxic effects of CP on male fertility and the possible ameliorative role of hesperidin (HSP). Thirty-two adult albino rats were randomly divided into four groups, namely, the negative control, HSP, CP-treated, and CP+HSP-treated groups. The CP-treated rats showed a significant reduction in the levels of serum LH, FSH, testosterone, prolactin, testicular glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) with an elevation in levels of malondialdehyde (MDA),

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… cells and germ cells [ 47 , 48 ]. … This procedure increases the metabolism of Sertoli cells and raises sperm cell quality [ 90 ]. PPAR-α and PGC-1α, stimulate fatty acid oxidation and impact the testicular energy balance [ 91 ]. …

Impact of Cushing's syndrome on the gonadotrope axis and testicular functions in men.

STUDY QUESTION: Does Cushing's syndrome (CS) differently affect the gonadotrope axis and testicular functions (GA/TF) according to the hypercortisolism intensity and underlying etiology? SUMMARY ANSWER: Endogenous cortisol excess caused by CS leads to varying degrees of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) with more severe GA/TF impairment and altered spermatogenesis in men with intense hypercortisolism associated with paraneoplastic/ectopic adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) secretion (EAS). WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: CS is very rarely studied in men due to its lower prevalence in men than in wo

Epoetin alpha prevents anaemia and reduces transfusion requirements in patients undergoing primarily platinum-based chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer.

Anaemia commonly occurs in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, often necessitating blood transfusion. This multicentre study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of epoetin alpha in preventing the decline in haemoglobin (Hb) level, and to determine whether the transfusion requirement could be reduced, in patients receiving 4-6 cycles of primarily platinum-based combination cyclic chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer (SCLC). A total of 130 non-anaemic SCLC patients were randomized to receive no additional treatment (n = 44), epoetin alpha 150 IU kg(-1) subcutaneously (s.c.) t

Açai Berry Attenuates Cyclophosphamide-Induced Damage in Genitourinary Axis-Modulating Nrf-2/HO-1 Pathways.

Cyclophosphamide (CYP) is used to treat different malignancies and autoimmune disorders in men. This chemotherapy frequently reduces tumors, which is beneficial, but also causes infertility because of severe oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the bladder and testes brought on by its metabolite, acrolein. The goal of this study was to assess the efficacy of a novel food, açai berry, in preventing CYP-induced damage in the bladder and testes.MethodsCYP was administered intraperitoneally once during the experiment at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight diluted in 10 mL/kg b.w. of water.

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… Leydig cells and Sertoli cells, both of which have distinct nuclei and substantial cytoplasm, were also discernible in various sections. Following CYP, testicular tissues showed a reduction of spermatozoa in the lumen and disordered spermatogenic cells with fewer spermatids. … The histological structure of CYP-treated mice revealed decreased seminiferous tubule width, decreased numbers of germinal cells, tubule atrophy, Sertoli cell vacuolization, interstitial edema, and congestion [ 63 ]. …

New insights into the activities and toxicities of the old anticancer drug doxorubicin.

The anthracycline drug doxorubicin is among the most used-and useful-chemotherapeutics. While doxorubicin is highly effective in the treatment of various hematopoietic malignancies and solid tumours, its application is limited by severe adverse effects, including irreversible cardiotoxicity, therapy-related malignancies and gonadotoxicity. This continues to motivate investigation into the mechanisms of anthracycline activities and toxicities, with the aim to overcome the latter without sacrificing the former. It has long been appreciated that doxorubicin causes DNA double-strand breaks due to

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… However, some work using spermatogonia and immature Sertoli cell lines has shown no increase of ROS formation before the onset of cytotoxicity [ 151 ]. … Tremblay AR & Delbes G (2018) In vitro study of doxorubicin‐induced oxidative stress in spermatogonia and immature Sertoli cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 348, 32–42. 152. …

Advanced Diagnostic Techniques

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New understanding of the damage of SARS-CoV-2 infection outside the respiratory system.

Since early December 2019, a number of pneumonia cases associated with unknown coronavirus infection were identified in Wuhan, China, and many additional cases were identified in other regions of China and in other countries within 3 months. Currently, more than 80,000 cases have been diagnosed in China, including more than 3000 deaths. The epidemic is spreading to the rest of the world, posing a grave challenge to prevention and control. On February 12, 2020, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses and the World Health Organization officially named the novel coronavirus and associa

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… Wang et al. found that ACE2 was predominantly enriched in spermatogonia and Leydig and Sertoli cells. … Xu X. scRNA-seq Profiling of Human Testes Reveals the Presence of the ACE2 Receptor, A Target for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Spermatogonia, Leydig and Sertoli Cells Cells 9 4 2020 10.3390/cells9040920 PMC7226809 32283711 20 Coronary Virus Disease (COVID-19) Clinical Prevention Strategies Experts Compilation …

Effect of pubertal induction with combined gonadotropin therapy on testes development and spermatogenesis in males with gonadotropin deficiency: a cohort study.

STUDY QUESTION: Are recombinant FSH (rFSH) and hCG effective therapies for promoting testicular growth and spermatogenesis in male adolescents and young adults with gonadotropin deficiency? SUMMARY ANSWER: Combined gonadotropin therapy is effective in inducing puberty and promoting spermatogenesis in male adolescents and young adults with gonadotropin deficiency and has the potential to improve adult outcomes relating to both fertility and quality of life. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Deficiency of pituitary gonadotropins (LH and FSH) due to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) can result in poor te

Sequencing of a 'mouse azoospermia' gene panel in azoospermic men: identification of RNF212 and STAG3 mutations as novel genetic causes of meiotic arrest.

STUDY QUESTION: What is the diagnostic potential of next generation sequencing (NGS) based on a 'mouse azoospermia' gene panel in human non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA)? SUMMARY ANSWER: The diagnostic performance of sequencing a gene panel based on genes associated with mouse azoospermia was relatively successful in idiopathic NOA patients and allowed the discovery of two novel genes involved in NOA due to meiotic arrest. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: NOA is a largely heterogeneous clinical entity, which includes different histological pictures. In a large proportion of NOA, the aetiology remains

Selinexor, a selective inhibitor of nuclear export, shows anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects on male germ cells in vitro.

BackgroundSelinexor (SLX), a selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE), has been shown to interfere with nuclear export mechanisms and to exert antitumor effects in a variety of cancer cell types. It is known to regulate multiple fundamental cellular processes, including the DNA damage response, cell proliferation, and stress signaling pathways. Nevertheless, its potential effects on reproductive cells remain inadequately characterized. The present study was aimed to investigate the cytotoxic, apoptotic, anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects of SLX on GC1 (spermatogonia) and GC2 (sp

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… Microenvironmental signals such as Sertoli cells, extracellular matrix components, growth factors, and chemokines guide germ cell positioning, survival, and fate decisions. … Sertoli cell–germ cell interactions within the niche: paracrine and juxtacrine molecular communications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:897062. 10.3389/fendo.2022.897062. 38. Chang HHY, Pannunzio NR, Adachi N, Lieber MR. …

Advanced Diagnostic Techniques

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Double jeopardy: how BRCA2, TP53, and DNMT3A redefine the link between infertility and cancer risk.

BackgroundGermline mutations in genes governing DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, and epigenetic modification are now recognized as common etiological factors for both cancer predisposition and reproductive dysfunction. This reveals a profound intersection between reproductive biology and oncogenesis.MethodA systematic narrative review was conducted. The literature search spanned PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science using keywords and MeSH terms related to infertility phenotypes, cancer predisposition syndromes, and shared molecular mechanisms (e.g., DNA repair, epigenetics).OutcomesThe