Результаты поиска

Editorial: Epidemiology and Control of Hepatitis Viruses.

Five hepatitis viruses-hepatitis A (HAV), hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), hepatitis D (HDV), and hepatitis E (HEV)-have a huge impact on human health with their ability to cause acute and often chronic infection [...].

The role of viruses in oral mucosal lesions.

The mucosa of the oral cavity is exposed to a large number of different microorganisms such as archaea, bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses. Among those, viruses cause specific infections, which can easily be transmitted from one person to another. The infectious route may not only include patients and their relatives but also the dental professional team. Thus, a wide knowledge regarding specific viral infections is crucial for the daily routine. Signs and symptoms of oral viral infections can be completely absent or develop into a pronounced clinical picture, so that early detection and …

Diversity and dissemination of viruses in pathogenic protozoa.

Viruses are the most abundant biological entities on Earth and play a significant role in the evolution of many organisms and ecosystems. In pathogenic protozoa, the presence of viruses has been linked to an increased risk of treatment failure and severe clinical outcome. Here, we studied the molecular epidemiology of the zoonotic disease cutaneous leishmaniasis in Peru and Bolivia through a joint evolutionary analysis of Leishmania braziliensis and their dsRNA Leishmania virus 1. We show that parasite populations circulate in tropical rainforests and are associated with single viral lineages …

Viruses Associated with Acute Conjunctivitis in Vanuatu.

The first manifestation of a viral infection may be conjunctivitis. There are limited data on the etiology of viral conjunctivitis in Vanuatu, a country in the South Pacific Ocean. Patients presenting to one of two Vanuatu health centers with presumed infectious conjunctivitis were eligible if symptom onset was within 14 days of screening. Conjunctival and anterior nasal swabs were obtained and subjected to unbiased RNA deep sequencing (RNA-seq) to identify DNA and RNA viruses. For samples collected from May to November 2021, RNA-seq identified a viral etiology in 12/48 patients. Human adenovi…

Pseudotyped Viruses for the Alphavirus Chikungunya Virus.

Members of the genus Alphavirus are mostly mosquito-borne pathogens that cause disease in their vertebrate hosts. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), … th the ultimate aim of developing effective treatments and vaccines against CHIKV and other related viruses.

Advances in the clinical development of oncolytic viruses.

OBJECTIVES: Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are natural or recombinant viruses that selectively infect and kill cancer cells without harming normal cells. This review aimed to explore some ongoing and completed clinical studies on OVs, in China and worldwide, to depict a comprehensive landscape of OV clinical trials, and summarize the existing evidence on safety and effectiveness of oncolytic therapy against tumors. METHODS: Used the Center for Drug Evaluation of China National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR), International Clinical Trials Registry Pla…

N6-methyladenosine and Its Implications in Viruses.

N6-methyladenine (m6A) is the most abundant RNA modification in mammalian messenger RNAs (mRNAs), which participates in and regulates many i … has been identified on viral transcripts. m6A also plays important roles in the life cycle of many viruses and in viral replication in host cells. In this review, we briefly introduce the detection methods of m6A, the m6A-related proteins, and the functions of m6A. We also summarize the effects of m6A-related proteins on viral replication and infection. …

The importance of viruses in ventilator-associated pneumonia.

OBJECTIVE: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) remains a challenge. The importance of viruses in VAP is not established. We sought to determine the prevalence of viruses in VAP and the outcomes of viral VAP. DESIGN: Retrospective study of VAP over 3 years. The frequency of a viral process represented the primary endpoint. Clinical outcomes served as secondary endpoints. We identified variables independently associated with a virus and conducted sensitivity analyses to assess the interaction between type of infection and patient characteristics. SETTING: Tertiary-care referral center. PATI…

Biased Mutation and Selection in RNA Viruses.

RNA viruses are responsible for some of the worst pandemics known to mankind, including outbreaks of Influenza, Ebola, and COVID-19. One major challenge in tackling RNA viruses is the fact they are extremely genetically diverse. Nevertheless, they share common features that include their dependence on host cells for replication, and high mutation rates. We set out to search for shared evolutionary characteristics that may aid in gaining a broader understanding of RNA virus evolution, and constructed a phylogeny-based data set spanning thousands of sequences from diverse single-stranded RNA vir…

Respiratory Viruses in Acute Exacerbations of Bronchiectasis.

BACKGROUND: Bacterial infections are well known factors underlying acute exacerbations in bronchiectasis. However, viral infections may also … ereas the presence of radiographic infiltration was negatively associated. CONCLUSION: Respiratory viruses were identified in approximately 25% of the acute exacerbations observed among patients with bronchiectasis. Of the viruses detected, influenza viruses and rhinovirus made up over 50%. More attention to viruses as possible causative pathogens for ac …

Mechanisms of Attenuation by Genetic Recoding of Viruses.

The development of safe and effective vaccines against viruses is central to disease control. With advancements in DNA synthesis technology, the production of synthetic viral genomes has fueled many research efforts that aim to generate attenuated viruses by introducing synonymous mutations. Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying virus attenuation through synonymous mutagenesis is revealing interesting new biology that can be exploited for vaccine development. Here, we review recent advancements in this field of synthetic virology and focus on the molecular mechanisms of attenuation by genet…

Association of Viruses in the Development of Cardiovascular Diseases.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), primarily inflammatory cardiomyopathy, are characterized by the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the m … al triggers in the progression of disease are still under consideration, including the role of some viruses as active inducers and others as bystanders. In this review article, we review the available evidence on the types, pathogenesis and treatment of myocarditis, inflammatory cardiomyopathy, and atherosclerosis with a particular focus on virus-associat …

Oncolytic Viruses for the Treatment of Metastatic Melanoma.

There is an unmet need for additional treatments for metastatic melanoma, besides anti-PD1 antibodies which are FDA approved for adjuvant therapy for stage III or resected stage IV melanoma. Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) is the first and only FDA-approved oncolytic virus for the treatment of melanoma. New viral vectors including coxsackieviruses, HF-10, adenovirus, reovirus, echovirus, and newcastle disease virus are currently under active development and investigation with varying degrees of efficacy in targeting melanoma. The use of T-VEC as a neoadjuvant therapy is emerging, but more dat…

Punicalagin is a neuraminidase inhibitor of influenza viruses.

Influenza A virus (IAV) causes great morbidity and mortality worldwide every year. However, there are only a limited number of drugs clinica … al release. Moreover, punicalagin can inhibit replication of different strains of influenza A and B viruses, including oseltamivir-resistant virus (NA/H274Y), indicating that punicalagin is a broad spectrum antiviral against both IAV and IBV. Further, although punicalagin targets NA like oseltamivir, it has a different MOA. These results suggest that puni …

Роль вирусов в патогенезе множественного склероза.

Множественный склероз (MS) является иммунным воспалительным заболеванием, лежащим в основе этиологической причины, которая по-прежнему остается недостижимой. Были предложены многочисленные факторы, включая экологические, генетические и гендерные компоненты. Вместе с тем имеются также подозрения на то, что инфекционные синдромы, лежащие в основе этого заболевания, являются причиной заболевания. Растет количество доказательств, подтверждающих вирусную этиологию MS, включая эффективность интерферональной терапии и чрезмерное обнаружение вирусных антител и нуклеиновых кислот по сравнению со здоров

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune inflammatory disease, where the underlying etiological cause remains elusive. Multiple triggering facto … d over-detection of viral antibodies and nucleic acids when compared with healthy patients. Several viruses have been proposed as potential triggering agents, including Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus 6, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, John Cunningham virus and human endogenous retroviruses. These viruses are all near ubiquitous and have a …

Molecular Biology and Epidemiology of Neurotropic Viruses.

Neurotropic viruses are those viruses that can cause central nervous system (CNS) diseases with both neuroinvasive and neurovirulence properties. It comprises a wide range of viruses, including herpes simplex virus, poliovirus, enteroviruses, parechovirus, West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, measles, and mumps viruses among others. Some of these viruses are highly neuroinvasive and neurovirulent, while others are weakly neuroinvasive and neurovirulent. Moreover, some of them, like herpes simplex viruses, are highly neuroinvasive but weakly neurovirulent for the peripheral nervous sys…

The increasing impact of lethal mutagenesis of viruses.

Selection of viral mutants resistant to compounds used in therapy is a major determinant of treatment failure, a problem akin to antibiotic resistance in bacteria. In this scenario, mutagenic base and nucleoside analogs have entered the picture because they increase the mutation rate of viral populations to levels incompatible with their survival. This antiviral strategy is termed lethal mutagenesis. It has found a major impulse with the observation that some antiviral agents, which initially were considered only inhibitors of virus multiplication, may in effect exert part of their antiviral a

Recombinant influenza A viruses as vaccine vectors.

INTRODUCTION: Various viruses, including poxviruses, adenoviruses and vesicular stomatitis virus, have been considered as vaccine vectors for the delivery of antigens of interest in the development of vaccines against newly emerging pathogens. AREAS COVERED: Here, we review results that have been obtained with influenza A viruses (IAV) as vaccine vectors. With the advent of reverse genetics technology, IAV-based recombinant vaccine candidates have been constructed that induce protective immunity to a variety of different pathogens of interest, including West Nile virus, Plasmodium falciparum …

Immunomodulatory Nonstructural Proteins of Influenza A Viruses.

Influenza epidemics and pandemics still represent a severe public health threat and cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. As intracellular parasites, influenza viruses are strongly dependent on the host cell machinery. To ensure efficient production of progeny viruses, viral proteins extensively interfere with cellular signalling pathways to inhibit antiviral responses or to activate virus-supportive functions. Here, we review various functions of the influenza virus nonstructural proteins NS1, PB1-F2, and PA-X in infected cells and how post-transcriptional modifications of thes…