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The Endoscopic Versus Open Approach for Anterior Skull Base Tumors: A Systematic Review of Comparative Outcomes and a Framework for Surgical Selection.

BACKGROUND: Anterior skull base tumors (ASBTs) pose significant surgical challenges due to their proximity to critical neurovascular structu … recurrence rates ranging from 5% for Grade I to 50%-80% for Grade III. Common complications include anosmia (10%-20%), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage (10%), visual abnormalities, and bleeding (5%-10%). Pituitary adenomas are predominantly secretory, with microadenomas comprising 97% and macroadenomas 70%. They frequently cause damage to the internal ca …

Homeopathy for COVID-19 in primary care: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (COVID-Simile study).

BACKGROUND: Different homeopathic approaches have been used as supportive care for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, but none has b … d a survival analysis of the number and severity of COVID-19 symptoms (influenza-like symptoms plus anosmia and ageusia) from a symptom grading scale that was informed by the participant, hospital admissions, and adverse events. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to estimate time-to-event (survival) measures. RESULTS: Data from 86 participants were analyzed ( …

Olfactory Radioanatomical Findings in Patients With Cardiac Arrhythmias, COVID-19, and Healthy Controls.

Background Clinical hyposmia and anosmia are commonly seen, most frequently with either post-inflammatory, age-related, or idiopathic causes being most frequent. Actual anatomical abnormalities of the olfactory groove or olfactory bulb are far less common. A recent case report showing a possible link between congenital olfactory bulb agenesis and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome suggested that there may be a relationship between cardiac arrhythmia and olfactory bulb development. While Kallmann syndrome (KS) is the classic syndrome involving olfactory bulb agenesis and hypogonadotropic hypogonadi…

Persistence of somatic symptoms after COVID-19 in the Netherlands: an observational cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Patients often report various symptoms after recovery from acute COVID-19. Previous studies on post-COVID-19 condition have not … included chest pain, difficulties with breathing, pain when breathing, painful muscles, ageusia or anosmia, tingling extremities, lump in throat, feeling hot and cold alternately, heavy arms or legs, and general tiredness. In 12·7% of patients, these symptoms could be attributed to COVID-19, as 381 (21·4%) of 1782 COVID-19-positive participants versus 36 …

Early Antiandrogen Therapy With Dutasteride Reduces Viral Shedding, Inflammatory Responses, and Time-to-Remission in Males With COVID-19: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Interventional Trial (EAT-DUTA AndroCoV Trial - Biochemical).

Background and objective Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cell entry and subsequent infectivity are mediated by … e troponin, and ferritin]. Results Subjects taking dutasteride (n=43) demonstrated reduced fatigue, anosmia, and overall disease duration compared to subjects taking a placebo (n=44) (p<.0001 for all). Compared to the placebo group, on Day seven, subjects taking dutasteride had a higher virologic remission rate (64.3% versus 11.8%; p=.0094), higher clinic …

Evolving Phenotypes of non-hospitalized Patients that Indicate Long Covid.

For some SARS-CoV-2 survivors, recovery from the acute phase of the infection has been grueling with lingering effects. Many of the symptoms … italized patients regardless of the test result. Among these phenotypes, a new diagnosis record for anosmia and dysgeusia (OR: 2.60, 95% CI [1.94 - 3.46]), alopecia (OR: 3.09, 95% CI [2.53 - 3.76]), chest pain (OR: 1.27, 95% CI [1.09 - 1.48]), chronic fatigue syndrome (OR 2.60, 95% CI [1.22-2.10]), shortness of breath (OR 1.41, 95% CI [1.22 - 1.64]), pneu …

Efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern 202012/01 (B.1.1.7): an exploratory analysis of a randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: A new variant of SARS-CoV-2, B.1.1.7, emerged as the dominant cause of COVID-19 disease in the UK from November, 2020. We report … developed symptoms of COVID-19 disease (a cough, a fever of 37·8°C or higher, shortness of breath, anosmia, or ageusia). Swabs were tested by nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) for SARS-CoV-2 and positive samples were sequenced through the COVID-19 Genomics UK consortium. Neutralising antibody responses were measured using a live-virus microneutralis …

Olfactory functioning in adults with Tourette syndrome.

Tourette syndrome is a chronic tic disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics. Comorbidities such as attention deficit hyperactivity dis … trols (7%) had a similar low combined score. None of the participants were found to have functional anosmia. Multiple linear regression analyses suggest that social impairment may a predictor for low combined score and odor identification score in Tourette syndrome subjects (p = 0.003). Compared to healthy controls, altered olfaction in adults with Touret …

Olfactory ability and object memory in three mouse models of varying body weight, metabolic hormones, and adiposity.

Physiological and nutritional state can modify sensory ability and perception through hormone signaling. Obesity and related metabolic disor … solely on olfactory cues, any faster than an unscented hidden marble, initially suggesting general anosmia. However, when these DIO mice were challenged to find a sweet-scented hidden chocolate candy, they had no difficulty. Furthermore, DIO mice were able to discriminate between fatty acids that differ by a single double bond and are components of the M …

Spring 2020 COVID-19 Surge: Prospective Relations between Demographic Factors, Personality Traits, Social Cognitions and Guideline Adherence, Mask Wearing, and Symptoms in a U.S. Sample.

BACKGROUND: To date, much of the research on individual difference correlates of coronavirus guideline adherence is cross-sectional, leaving prospective associations between these factors unaddressed. Additionally, investigations of prospective predictors of mask-wearing, COVID-19 symptoms, and viral testing remain wanting. PURPOSE: The present study examined prospective relations between demographic factors, personality traits, social cognitions and guideline adherence, mask-wearing, symptoms, and viral testing in a U.S. sample (N = 500) during the initial surge of COVID-19 deaths in the Uni

Taste and smell disturbances in patients with chronic oral graft vs. host disease: An observational study.

BackgroundA common complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) is chronic oral graft vs. host disease (cGvHD). Oral cGvHD may present as mucosal lesions, salivary gland dysfunction, and trismus. Moreover, taste and smell ability may be affected, but the prevalence, nature and severity of altered taste and smell function, and their impact on quality of life (QoL) are understudied.AimTo identify the prevalence, nature, and severity of taste and smell disturbances, their impact on QoL and to assess whether altered taste/smell ability is associated with oral mucos

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… Most patients with objectively assessed anosmia or hyposmia also reported a disturbance in their sense of smell. … Reduced smell ability was less common, 40% of patients had hyposmia (28.9%) or anosmia (11.1%). Most of the patients with hyposomia/anosmia also reported having disturbed smell. …

Quinolinic acid as trigger/biomarker of dysosmia/dysgeusia in patients with acute coronavirus disease 2019: A retrospective case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Impaired smell/taste sensation (dysosmia/dysgeusia) are common manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Scattered … ferences were observed in 5-HT or KYNA levels between groups. Almost all cases of dysosmia involved anosmia/hyposmia and were significantly correlated with non-vaccination status with mRNA vaccine (p = 0.017). In contrast, dysgeusia exhibited heterogeneous manifestations, primarily ageusia or hypogeusia, followed by hypersensitivity to salty taste, and wa …

Inappropriate Ventilatory Homeostatic Responses in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients.

BACKGROUND: The clinical presentation of COVID-19 suggests altered breathing control - tachypnoea, relative lack of dyspnoea, and often a di … spiratory disease (A-a gradient 38.9 vs. 12.4 mmHg; PF ratio 120 vs. 238), and higher prevalence of anosmia (21 vs. 15%), dysgeusia (25 vs. 12%), headache (33 vs. 23%) and nausea (33 vs. 14%) with similar rates of new anxiety/depression (26 vs. 23%), but lower incidence of past neurological or psychiatric diagnoses (5 vs. 21%) compared to appropriate resp …

The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in a rural southwest community.

CONTEXT: The true prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-1 … revious RT-PCR test, with 20 (44.4%) testing positive for SARS-CoV-2. Participants with symptoms of anosmia/ageusia (p<0.001), chest congestion (p=0.047), fever (p=0.007), and shortness of breath (p=0.002) within the past two months were more likely to have antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. CONCLUSION: Only 8% of 566 participants in this rural community setting …

Endoscopic endonasal versus transcranial approach to tuberculum sellae and planum sphenoidale meningiomas in a similar cohort of patients.

OBJECTIVE Planum sphenoidale (PS) and tuberculum sellae (TS) meningiomas cause visual symptoms due to compression of the optic chiasm. The t … ures after TCA than after EEA (27% vs 0%, p = 0.038), there was a trend toward more CSF leakage and anosmia after EEA than after TCA (11.8% vs 0%, p = 0.486 and 11.8% vs 0%, p = 0.118, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In this small single-institution study of similarly sized and located PS and TS meningiomas, EEA provided equivalent rates of resection with bett …

Rare Diseases of the Nose, the Paranasal Sinuses, and the Anterior Skull Base.

Due to their low incidence and thus resulting limited diagnostic criteria as well as therapeutic options, rare diseases of the nose, the paranasal sinuses, and the anterior skull base are a significant challenge. The value as of which a disease has to be considered as rare amounts to a maximum of 5 patients per 10 000 people. Within these diseases, however, there are extreme differences. Some rare or orphan diseases like for example the inverted papilloma belong to regularly diagnosed and treated diseases of larger departments of oto-rhino-laryngology whereas other rare diseases and malformati

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… Those are the following syndromes and malformations: Isolated congenital anosmia Kallmann syndrome Neuroectodermal syndrome, Johnson type 2.1.1 Isolated congenital anosmia Isolated congenital anosmia is extremely rare. … Worldwide only 15 cases of isolated congenital anosmia have been described up to now 18 . In these cases, the anosmia is already present since birth. The origin is a developmental disorder of the olfactory bulb that may occur on one or both sides 19 . …

ANOS1 variants in a large cohort of Chinese patients with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.

OBJECTIVES: Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is a rare congenital gonadal dysplasia caused by defects in the synthesis, secretion or signal transduction of hypothalamic gonadotropin releasing hormone. The main manifestations of CHH are delayed or lack puberty, low levels of sex hormones and gonadotropins, and may be accompanied with other clinical phenotypes. Some patients with CHH are also accompanied with anosmia or hyposmia, which is called Kalman syndrome (KS). ANOS1, located on X chromosome, is the first gene associated with CHH in an X-linked recessive manner. This study ai…

Clinical and genetic basis of congenital gonadotropin deficiency.

STUDY QUESTION: What is the clinical and genetic overlap across subtypes of congenital gonadotropin (Gn) deficiency? SUMMARY ANSWER: This s … lities were recurrent across all Gn-deficient groups. Notably, some CPHD and SOD patients exhibited anosmia and a preserved Gn response to LH-releasing hormone (LHRH) stimulation, indicating a hypothalamic component to their HH. Rare variants in CHH genes were identified in 53% of KS probands (40% P/LP, 13% VUS) and 33% of nCHH probands (23% P/LP, 10% VUS …

Impact of Long SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Infection on the Health Care Burden: Comparative Case-Control Study Between Omicron and Pre-Omicron Waves.

BACKGROUND: Following the initial acute phase of COVID-19, health care resource use has escalated among individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infectio … former; however, distinct patterns of diagnosis were evident. Specifically, depressed mood (P=.03), anosmia (P=.003), hair loss (P<.001), dyspnea (<0.001), chest pain (P=.04), dysmenorrhea (P<.001), myalgia (P=.011), weakness (P<.001), and tachycardia (P=.015) were more common in the pre-Omicron period. Similarly, health care resource use, encompassing pr …

Patient-reported outcomes of neurologic and neuropsychiatric symptoms in mild COVID-19: a prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Various neurologic manifestations have been reported in patients with COVID-19, mostly in retrospective studies of patients admi … with symptom assessments, 139 (77.6%) reported at least 1 neurologic symptom, the most common being anosmia/dysgeusia (99 [55.3%]), myalgia (76 [42.5%]) and headache (75 [41.9%]). Forty patients (22.3%) reported persistent symptoms at 1 year, including confusion (20 [50.0%]), headache (21 [52.5%]), insomnia (16 [40.0%]) and depression (14 [35.0%]); 27/179 …