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Effect of 4-nitrophenol on the reproductive capacity of female mice.

Diesel exhaust particle-derived 4-nitrophenol (PNP) has been demonstrated to exhibit anti-androgenic and estrogenic effects, as well as the potential to disrupt the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in male rats. Studies have also confirmed PNP's toxicity in various tissues; however, its harmful effects on the female reproductive system remain unclear. Therefore, this study investigated PNP's reproductive toxicity in female mice. While PNP exposure did not significantly affect body weight, it disrupted follicular development by altering ovarian homeostasis. A high level of apoptosis was obse

Endometriosis and infertility: pathophysiology, treatment strategies, and reproductive outcomes.

Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological disorder characterized by ectopic endometrial-like tissue, leading to pain, dysmenorrhea, and infertility. This review explores classification systems, the mechanisms of endometriosis-related infertility, and the impact of endometriosis subtypes on fertility outcomes. Medical therapies, such as hormonal suppression, alleviate symptoms but are unsuitable for women who wish to conceive. Surgery may enhance natural conception rates in select cases but may have a negative impact on ovarian reserve. Assisted reproductive technologies, such as intrauterine in

Sertoli cells as a hub in testicular development and male reproductive.

In the early stages of mammalian embryonic development, the bipotential gonads can differentiate into the testes or ovaries. These organs ar … oli cells play an essential role in testis development and function, and are indispensable for male reproduction. In this review, we examine the composition and functional dynamics of the testis, highlighting how single-cell transcriptomics has redefined our understanding of testicular cellular architecture and functional diversity. We focus on the pivotal reg …

Вирус денге и бесплодие: воздействие на репродуктивное здоровье и его последствия.

Бразилия сталкивается с периодами эпидемий денге на протяжении более 40 лет. Недавно болезнь выявила все большее число диагнозов. Этот сценарий вызывает тревогу с точки зрения общественного здравоохранения и вызывает обеспокоенность в конкретных областях медицины, таких, как оказание помощи в репродукции. Какое влияние вирусная инфекция оказывает на успех лечения? Какова опасность приобретения вируса на ранних стадиях беременности? Различные данные подтверждают вертикальную передачу, хотя риски крайне низки, а сексуальная передача инфекции представляется маловероятной. Цель этой статьи состоит

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Brazil has been facing periods of dengue epidemics for more than 40 years. Recently, the disease showed increasing numbers of diagnoses. This scenario is alarming in terms of public health, and has caused concern in specific areas of medicine, such as Assisted Reproduction. What influence does viral infection have on the success of treatments? What is the ri…

Contemporary issues in gynecologic and reproductive health for women with HIV.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Women with HIV (WWH) face unique gynecologic and reproductive health challenges related to HIV infection itself, antiretroviral therapy (ART) and medication-interactions with ART. RECENT FINDINGS: WWH experience higher incidence of co-infection with many sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including hepatitis and human papilloma virus (HPV)-related dysplasia and cancers. Regular preventive care and vaccination are key. WWH additionally experience higher rates of unplanned pregnancy than the general population, with a high unmet need for contraception. For WWH in mixed-s

An elderly couple suffers from tuberculosis of the reproductive system.

INTRODUCTION: Genitourinary tuberculosis is often secondary to tuberculosis in other parts of the body, and transmits through blood, direct spread, and lymphatic pathway. Female primary infection through sexual intercourse with an active reproductive tuberculosis spouse in an upward transmission way is rare. CASE REPORT: There is an elderly couple with testicular tuberculosis in the male and endometrial tuberculosis in the female. The onset of male patients precedes female patients, and there is no protected sexual intercourse. The possibility of direct sexual transmission and primary infecti

Sensory neuron LKB1 mediates ovarian and reproductive function.

Treatments for reproductive disorders in women consist of hormone replacement therapy, which have negative side effects that impact health, spurring the need to understand new mechanisms to employ new therapeutic strategies. Bidirectional communication between sensory neurons and the organs they innervate is an emerging area of interest in tissue physiology with a relevance in reproductive disorders. We hypothesized that the metabolic activity of sensory neurons has a profound effect on reproductive phenotypes. To investigate this phenomenon, we utilized a murine model with conditional deletio

The walnut tree as a source of progesterone for reproductive control in goats.

Intravaginal sponges impregnated with the progesterone (P4) analogue fluorogestone acetate (FGA) induce synchronous oestrous behaviour and normal ovulatory cycle in goats. To explore alternatives using natural P4 from plants, we developed a method of ethanolic extraction and a specific enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to measure P4 in the different parts of the walnut tree Juglans regia. We found a very high concentration of P4, specifically in the leaves of the three most common French varieties (∼100 mg/kg of DM) but not in flowers, fruits, septa, husk, oil or cake. High concentrations of P4-and to

Effects of empagliflozin on reproductive system in men without diabetes.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 inhibition is a well-known target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, renal disease and chronic heart failure. The protein SGLT2 is encoded by SLC5A2 (Solute Carrier Family 5 Member 2), which is highly expressed in renal cortex, but also in the testes where glucose uptake may be essential for spermatogenesis and androgen synthesis. We postulated that in healthy males, SGLT2 inhibitor therapy may affect gonadal function. We examined the impact on gonadal and steroid hormones in a post-hoc analysis of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled research

Neuropeptide natalisin regulates reproductive behaviors in Spodoptera frugiperda.

Natalisin (NTL) is a conserved neuropeptide, only present in insects, that has been reported to regulate their sexual activity. In this study, we investigated the involvement of NTL in the reproductive behaviors of a major invasive pest, Spodoptera frugiperda. We identified NTL precursor-encoded transcripts, and evaluated their transcript levels in different stages and tissues of S. frugiperda. The results showed that the NTL transcript level was expressed in both male and female pupae and both male and female adults in the later stage. It was highly expressed in male pupae, 3-day-old male and

[Ferroptosis in male reproductive system diseases: Progress in research].

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death triggered by the excessive accumulation of lipid peroxides on the cell membrane. Recent studies have found that ferroptosis can be induced by exposure of the testis tissue and germ cells to some high-risk factors, accompanied by various characteristic reproductive system injuries, including changes in cell morphology, ferroptosis-related physicochemical indicators and gene expressions. This review focuses on the association of ferroptosis with male reproductive system diseases from three key aspects: iron metabolism abnormalities,

Organ-on-a-chip: future of female reproductive pathophysiological models.

The female reproductive system comprises the internal and external genitalia, which communicate through intricate endocrine pathways. Besides secreting hormones that maintain the female secondary sexual characteristics, it also produces follicles and offspring. However, the in vitro systems have been very limited in recapitulating the specific anatomy and pathophysiology of women. Organ-on-a-chip technology, based on microfluidics, can better simulate the cellular microenvironment in vivo, opening a new field for the basic and clinical research of female reproductive system diseases. This tech

The Impacts of Inflammatory and Autoimmune Conditions on the Endometrium and Reproductive Outcomes.

Background: A healthy pregnancy begins with an adequate endometrial state, even before the arrival of a blastocyst. Proper endometrial primi … ed decidualization. Conclusions: The management of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases in assisted reproduction patients is gaining importance due to their direct impact on the endometrium. It is necessary to follow current expert recommendations and established therapeutic approaches in order to improve patients' prospects, ranging from antibiotic treatment …

Endometrial microbiome in reproductive failure: The possibility of metagenomic analysis.

With the advent of metagenomics and 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, growing attention has been dedicated to the endometrial microbiome. Research involving a relatively large cohort of healthy female participants has reported Lactobacillus dominance (LD) in the endometrial microbiome. Multiple studies have also shown that the loss of LD and/or increased microbial diversity within the endometrium are associated with reproductive failure. This phenomenon may stem from the loss of the immunomodulatory effects of Lactobacillus and the rise of proinflammatory responses triggered by pathogenic prolifer

Female reproductive tract microbiota varies with MHC profile.

Numerous studies have shown that a healthy reproductive tract microbiota is crucial for successful reproduction and that its composition is influenced by various environmental and host factors. However, it is not known whether the reproductive microbiota is also shaped by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), a family of genes essential to differentiate 'self' from 'non-self' peptides to initiate an adaptive immune response. We tested the association between the follicular fluid microbiome and MHC genes in 27 women. Women with higher MHC diversity had a higher microbiome diversity, chara…

Integrating sexual and reproductive health into pre-travel consultations.

BACKGROUND: Casual sex during travel is a major preventable factor in the global transmission of sexually transmissible infections (STI). Pre-travel consults present an excellent opportunity for practitioners to educate travellers about sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and safety. This scoping review aims to explore and understand the extent to which SRH is included in pre-travel consultations. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, Medline and Web of Science were systematically searched for primary research articles exploring whether he

Vascular Health of Females with History of Assisted Reproductive Technology.

The use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) for the treatment of infertility is gaining popularity. Limited data on the overall vascular health of females with history of ART are available. This pilot study aimed to investigate the overall vascular health of females with history of ART compared to individuals who conceived spontaneously. The assessment of overall vascular health included the measurement of brachial blood pressure, central blood pressure, and pulse wave velocity, as well as the evaluation of the arterial stiffness and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) of the common

Reproductive Health Among School Employees in Vijayapura, Karnataka.

Background Cervical cancer typically progresses over 10-20 years, making it a preventable disease and underscoring the importance of screening. In low-resource settings, Papanicolaou (Pap) smears and visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) serve as primary screening tools. This study was conducted as part of the noncommunicable disease camps organized by the government of Karnataka, India. Additionally, it aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to contraception among women of reproductive age. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from June to August 2022

Decline in reproductive health and its transgenerational lag effect.

In the last two decades, there has been a fast-growing prevalence of infertility reported in China. Moreover, Chinese reproductive health has shown a clear decline. Thus, it is imperative to determine the precipitating causes and the root causes of this decline. Environmental and climate risks (ECRs) may cause the decline in reproductive health. Experimental findings have shown that the impact of ECRs on reproductive health can be passed down from both males and females to their offspring, demonstrating an intergenerational and transgenerational lag effect. We perceive that the declined reprod

Pregnancy and reproductive health in women with multiple sclerosis: an update.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated, inflammatory, neuro-degenerative disease of the central nervous sys … contraceptive method in women with MS. The question of MS and pregnancy outcomes following assisted reproduction, remains somewhat unsettled. In many studies, no elevated relapse risk is confirmed regardless of the type of fertility treatment. MRI status may offer better assessment of postpartum disease stability than relapse rate alone. Ongoing effective MS t …