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Interactions between cancer cells and bone microenvironment promote bone metastasis in prostate cancer.

Bone metastasis is the leading cause of death in prostate cancer patients, for which there is currently no effective treatment. Since the bone microenvironment plays an important role in this process, attentions have been directed to the interactions between cancer cells and the bone microenvironment, including osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and bone stromal cells. Here, we explained the mechanism of interactions between prostate cancer cells and metastasis-associated cells within the bone microenvironment and further discussed the recent advances in targeted therapy of prostate cancer bone metasta

Chemo-RaST with bortezomib inhibits multiple myeloma relapse.

Rationale: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy with a high relapse rate that ultimately leads to patient mortality. Current therapies often fail to achieve sustained remission due to adaptation of clonally heterogeneous tumor populations. We hypothesized that Chemo-RaST, a therapeutic strategy combining bortezomib with ⁸⁹Zr-daratumumab-mediated radionuclide dynamic therapy (RaST), would synergize photophysical generation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) with mitochondrial ROS induction to block clonal adaptation and prevent MM relapse. Methods: We evaluated chemo-RaST

Characteristics of measurable residual disease assessment in myeloma: a review of clinical trials from 2015-2020.

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Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Ongoing technological advances beyond bone marrow NGS/NGF analysis, including, imaging, mass spectrometry and circulating tumor DNA-based methods further complicate harmonization of MRD assessment and require further study. …

Dying of Stress: Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy, and Small-Molecule Inhibitors in Immunogenic Cell Death and Immunogenic Modulation.

Innovative strategies to re-establish the immune-mediated destruction of malignant cells is paramount to the success of anti-cancer therapy. Accumulating evidence suggests that radiotherapy and select chemotherapeutic drugs and small molecule inhibitors induce immunogenic cell stress on tumors that results in improved immune recognition and targeting of the malignant cells. Through immunogenic cell death, which entails the release of antigens and danger signals, and immunogenic modulation, wherein the phenotype of stressed cells is altered to become more susceptible to immune attack, radiother

Galectin-9 - ligand axis: an emerging therapeutic target for multiple myeloma.

Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is a tandem-repeat galectin with diverse roles in immune homeostasis, inflammation, malignancy, and autoimmune diseases. In cancer, Gal-9 displays variable expression patterns across different tumor types. Its interactions with multiple binding partners, both intracellularly and extracellularly, influence key cellular processes, including immune cell modulation and tumor microenvironment dynamics. Notably, Gal-9 binding to cell-specific glycoconjugate ligands has been implicated in both promoting and suppressing tumor progression. Here, we provide insights into Gal-9 and its

Advances in preclinical hematopoietic stem cell models and possible implications for improving therapeutic transplantation.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a treatment for many malignant, congenital, and acquired hematologic diseases. Some outstanding challenges in the HSCT field include the paucity of immunologically-matched donors, our inability to effectively expand hematopoeitic stem cells (HSCs) ex vivo, and the high infection risk during engraftment. Scientists are striving to develop protocols to generate, expand, and maintain HSCs ex vivo, however these are not yet ready for clinical application. Given these problems, advancing our understanding of HSC specification, regulation, and differ

Ход работы 34th Симпозиум ESVN-ECVN 23rd-24th сентябрь 2022.

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JCMM Annual Review on Advances in Biotechnology for the Treatment of Haematological Malignancies: A Review of the Latest In-Patient Developments 2024-2025.

Advances in biotechnology are set to revolutionise the treatment of haematological malignancies. Current treatments have limited efficacy due to their high toxicity and poor long-term outcomes, particularly in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). In 2024-2025, emerging targeted therapies promise improved results with reduced adverse effects. This review is the first of an annual series exploring the latest in-patient developments in several key areas, focusing on mechanisms. We present advances in the use and action of several therapies including epigenetic modulators, protein degraders, apoptotic i

Osteoporosis: Current and Emerging Therapies Targeted to Immunological Checkpoints.

Osteoporosis is a skeletal pathology characterized by compromised bone strength leading to increased risk of fracture, mainly the spine and hip fractures. Osteoporosis affects more than 200 million people worldwide and because of the skeletal fractures it causes, represents a major cause of morbidity, disability and mortality in older people. Recently, the new discoveries of osteoimmunology have clarified many of the pathogenetic mechanisms of osteoporosis, helping to identify new immunological targets for its treatment opening the way for new and effective therapies with biological drugs. Cur

Current and upcoming radionuclide therapies in the direction of precision oncology: A narrative review.

As new molecular tracers are identified to target specific receptors, tissue, and tumor types, opportunities arise for the development of both diagnostic tracers and their therapeutic counterparts, termed "theranostics." While diagnostic tracers utilize positron emitters or gamma-emitting radionuclides, their theranostic counterparts are typically bound to beta and alpha emitters, which can deliver specific and localized radiation to targets with minimal collateral damage to uninvolved surrounding structures. This is an exciting time in molecular imaging and therapy and a step towards personal

Pyrotinib combined with thalidomide in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients harboring HER2 exon 20 insertions (PRIDE): protocol of an open-label, single-arm phase II trial.

BACKGROUND: Standard therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is lacking. The clinical benefits with pan-HER inhibitors (afatinib, neratinib, and dacomitinib), anti-HER2 antibody drug conjugate (ADC) trastuzumab emtansine, and an emerging irreversible tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) poziotinib were modest. Another new ADC trastuzumab deruxtecan showed encouraging outcomes, but only phase I study was completed. Pyrotinib, another emerging irreversible epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/HER2 dual TKI, has been approved in HER2-pos

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Tumor tissues obtained from biopsy or circulating tumor DNA from blood samples can be used for HER2 testing. If blood samples are used, the mutation abundance should be ≥10%. The gene mutation reports from other testing organizations are allowed. …

Business Risk Mitigation in the Development Process of New Monoclonal Antibody Drug Conjugates for Cancer Treatment.

Recent developments aim to extend the cytotoxic effect and therapeutic window of mAbs by constructing antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), in which the targeting moiety is the mAb that is linked to a highly toxic drug. According to a report from mid of last year, the global ADCs market accounted for USD 1387 million in 2016 and was worth USD 7.82 billion in 2022. It is estimated to increase in value to USD 13.15 billion by 2030. One of the critical points is the linkage of any substituent to the functional group of the mAb. Increasing the efficacy against cancer cells' highly cytotoxic molecules (

Hematopoietic stem cell microtransplantation: current situation and challenges.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) stands as a cornerstone in the treatment of hematological malignancies, recognized for its remarkable efficacy. However, the persistent challenge of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) continues to represent a significant barrier, often being the leading cause of nonrelapse mortality after allo-HSCT. To address this limitation, hematopoietic stem cell microtransplantation (MST) has emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy that synergistically combines chemotherapy, allo-HSCT, and cellular immunotherapy. This innovative approach is desi

Advances in Anti-Cancer Immunotherapy: Car-T Cell, Checkpoint Inhibitors, Dendritic Cell Vaccines, and Oncolytic Viruses, and Emerging Cellular and Molecular Targets.

Unlike traditional cancer therapies, such as surgery, radiation and chemotherapy that are typically non-specific, cancer immunotherapy harnesses the high specificity of a patient's own immune system to selectively kill cancer cells. The immune system is the body's main cancer surveillance system, but cancers may evade destruction thanks to various immune-suppressing mechanisms. We therefore need to deploy various immunotherapy-based strategies to help bolster the anti-tumour immune responses. These include engineering T cells to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) to specifically recogni

Hyaluronic Acid as a Modern Approach in Anticancer Therapy-Review.

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a linear polysaccharide and crucial component of the extracellular matrix (ECM), maintaining tissue hydration and tension. Moreover, HA contributes to embryonic development, healing, inflammation, and cancerogenesis. This review summarizes new research on the metabolism and interactions of HA with its binding proteins, known as hyaladherins (CD44, RHAMM), revealing the molecular basis for its distinct biological function in the development of cancer. The presence of HA on the surface of tumor cells is a sign of an adverse prognosis. The involvement of HA in malignancy h

RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS OF THE 34th ECVIM-CA CONGRESS.

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Epigenetics-targeted drugs: current paradigms and future challenges.

Epigenetics governs a chromatin state regulatory system through five key mechanisms: DNA modification, histone modification, RNA modification, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNA regulation. These mechanisms and their associated enzymes convey genetic information independently of DNA base sequences, playing essential roles in organismal development and homeostasis. Conversely, disruptions in epigenetic landscapes critically influence the pathogenesis of various human diseases. This understanding has laid a robust theoretical groundwork for developing drugs that target epigenetics-modifyin

Множественные модели миэломы и витро человека для моделирования заболеваний и скрининга на лечение.

Множественная миелома (ММ) — гематологическая порча, характеризующаяся неконтролируемым расширением злокачественных плазменных клеток в микроокружающей среде костного мозга. В то время как культуры подвески клеточных линий MM и мусриновых моделей были краеугольным камнем исследований MM патогенез, эти традиционные системы не могут воспроизвести критические аспекты микроопухоли человека. В частности, нынешние модели неадекватно учитывают ключевые биологические вопросы, включая механизмы приобретения лекарственного сопротивления, стратегии уклонения от иммунитета и роль клеточного перекрестка в

Proteasome Inhibitors and Their Potential Applicability in Osteosarcoma Treatment.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common type of bone cancer, with ~30% of patients developing secondary/metastatic tumors. The molecular complexity of tumor metastasis and the lack of effective therapies for OS has cultivated interest in exploiting the proteasome as a molecular target for anti-cancer therapy. As our understanding towards the behavior of malignant cells expands, it is evident that cancerous cells display a greater reliance on the proteasome to maintain homeostasis and sustain efficient biological activities. This led to the development and approval of first- and second-generation

Genetic Therapy and Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology: Safety, Pharmacovigilance, and Perspectives for Research and Clinical Practice.

The impressive advances in the knowledge of biomarkers and molecular targets has enabled significant progress in drug therapy for crucial diseases such as cancer. Specific areas of pharmacology have contributed to these therapeutic outcomes-mainly targeted therapy, immunomodulatory therapy, and gene therapy. This review focuses on the pharmacological profiles of these therapeutic classes and intends, on the one hand, to provide a systematic definition and, on the other, to highlight some aspects related to pharmacovigilance, namely the monitoring of safety and the identification of potential t