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Interferon-alpha/beta receptor deficiency enhances susceptibility to Powassan virus infection in mice.

Powassan virus (POWV) is a tick-borne flavivirus that causes neurotropic disease in humans. POWV causes fatal encephalitis and meningitis in … brain infection. Collectively, our data reveal that the type-I interferon response restricts viral tropism and pathogenesis of POWV in mice.

Distribution of Mukawa virus (Phlebovirus mukawaense) in Russia.

Phleboviruses, a diverse group within the Phenuiviridae family, include mosquito-, tick-, and sandfly-borne viruses, several of which are pa … tes in mammalian cells, the Gomselga genotype does not. This indicates possible differences in host tropism or pathogenic potential. Despite these differences, both genotypes have evolutionary features consistent with arboviruses, including reassortment and geographical clustering of genomic variants. Although vertical transmission in ticks remains unprov …

Modeling Human Protein Physical Interactions Involved in HIV Attachment In Silico.

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a major global health challenge. A promising therapeutic strategy involves identifying human … ons with CXCR4. This binding imbalance may potentially drive selective viral pressure and influence tropism evolution during disease progression. We also identified potential interactions between HIV entry components and neuropeptides including PNOC and NPY, as well as various membrane receptors beyond classical coreceptors. Furthermore, cluster analysis …

Contribution of the type 3 secretion system to adaptive and innate immunity induced by a live Yersinia pseudotuberculosis plague vaccine.

Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, remains a threat to public health worldwide. From the perspective of developing safe and effective vaccines, we present a derived version of our Y. pseudotuberculosis VTnF1 live attenuated vaccine candidate that lacks the pYV virulence plasmid coding for the Type 3 Secretion system (T3SS) and carries no antibiotic resistance cassettes (VTnF1-S). This strain, named VpYV-, fails to cause disease in immunocompromised mice when given orally, and can be considered as avirulent in such conditions. It retains a tropism for Peyer's patches and mesenteric…

Cryptococcus neoformans: Brain Preference, Gender Bias, and Interactions with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Toxoplasma gondii in HIV-Positive Patients.

UNLABELLED: Cryptococcus neoformans, a high-priority pathogen (WHO, 2022) and ubiquitous fungus, is responsible for hundreds of thousands of meningoencephalitis cases annually, with a high fatality rate. Its distribution is uneven: it primarily affects immunocompromised individuals (especially HIV-positive patients). Our study aims to explore the Cryptococcus' brain tropism in immunosuppressed patients, its gender preference and the possible interactions with other opportunistic neurotropic microorganisms, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and the brain microbiota, with a particular foc…

Обзор кутанических вирусных инфекций и их потенциальной роли в нейронологических заболеваниях.

Фон: Калановые вирусные инфекции, определяемые как вирусные патогены, которые либо затрагивают в первую очередь кожу (например, герпесвирусы, энтеровирусы), либо часто приводят к дерматологическим проявлениям, несмотря на системный тромизм (например, ВИЧ, SARS-COV-2), могут вызывать системные возбудители и нейротропические реакции, расширяющие их воздействие на нервную систему. Растущий объем данных свидетельствует о том, что вирусы с дерматологическими проявлениями могут играть важную роль в патогенезе неврологических расстройств. Резюме: Несмотря на то, что отдельные вирусы изучаются в изоля

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Background: Cutaneous viral infections, defined as viral pathogens that either primarily affect the skin (e.g., herpesviruses, enteroviruses) or frequently produce dermatologic manifestations despite systemic tropism (e.g., HIV, SARS-CoV-2), can trigger systemic inflammatory and neurotropic responses that extend their impact to the nervous system. A growing …

Paediatric cutaneous lymphomas including rare subtypes: A 40-year experience at a tertiary referral centre.

BACKGROUND: Primary cutaneous lymphomas are neoplasms of the immune system with a distinct tropism for the skin and an absence of extracutaneous manifestations at the time of diagnosis. Studies focusing on cutaneous lymphomas in children and adolescents remain scarce and often do not encompass the rare subtypes. OBJECTIVES: To address this knowledge gap by describing the clinical, histological and molecular characteristics of a large group of paediatric patients affected by primary cutaneous lymphoma. We also provided the Paediatric Primary Cutaneous Lymphoma Atlas that illustrates the clinic…

Severe Headache, Seizures and Supraventricular Tachycardia in a 33-year-old Filipino Male with Confirmed COVID-19: A Case Report.

COVID-19 primarily presents as a pulmonary problem, ranging from mild respiratory illness to fatal acute respiratory distress syndrome. Most … of severe headache, seizure, or tachycardia. It is theorized that an interplay exists between ACE-2 tropism, systemic inflammation, cytokine storm, and hypoxemia in the background of COVID-19 infection. These mechanisms may lead to thrombosis and arrhythmia resulting to neurologic derangements and myocardial injury. Underlying mechanisms make the cerebro- …

Genomic analysis of 61 Chlamydia psittaci strains reveals extensive divergence associated with host preference.

BACKGROUND: Chlamydia (C.) psittaci, the causative agent of avian chlamydiosis and human psittacosis, is a genetically heterogeneous species. Its broad host range includes parrots and many other birds, but occasionally also humans (via zoonotic transmission), ruminants, horses, swine and rodents. To assess whether there are genetic markers associated with host tropism we comparatively analyzed whole-genome sequences of 61 C. psittaci strains, 47 of which carrying a 7.6-kbp plasmid. RESULTS: Following clean-up, reassembly and polishing of poorly assembled genomes from public databases, phyloge…

Revealing the transcriptional heterogeneity of organ-specific metastasis in human gastric cancer using single-cell RNA Sequencing.

BACKGROUND: Deciphering intra- and inter-tumoural heterogeneity is essential for understanding the biology of gastric cancer (GC) and its metastasis and identifying effective therapeutic targets. However, the characteristics of different organ-tropism metastases of GC are largely unknown. METHODS: Ten fresh human tissue samples from six patients, including primary tumour and adjacent non-tumoural samples and six metastases from different organs or tissues (liver, peritoneum, ovary, lymph node) were evaluated using single-cell RNA sequencing. Validation experiments were performed using histolo…

Host-Viral Interactions at the Maternal-Fetal Interface. What We Know and What We Need to Know.

In humans, the hemochorial placenta is a unique temporary organ that forms during pregnancy to support fetal development, gaseous exchange, delivery of nutrition, removal of waste products, and provides immune protection, while maintaining tolerance to the HLA-haploidentical fetus. In this review, we characterize decidual and placental immunity during maternal viral (co)-infection with HIV-1, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), and Zika virus. We discuss placental immunology, clinical presentation, and epidemiology, before characterizing host susceptibility and cellular tropism, and how the three vi…

National Landscape of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Deceased Organ Donors in the United States.

BACKGROUND: Organ transplantation from donors with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to recipients with HIV (HIV D+/R+) presents risks of d … donors. We measured CD4 T cells, HIV viral load (VL), drug resistance mutations (DRMs), coreceptor tropism, and serum antiretroviral therapy (ART) detection, using mass spectrometry in HIV-positive donors. RESULTS: Between March 2016 and March 2020, 92 donors (58 HIV positive, 34 FP), representing 98.9% of all US HOPE donors during this period, donated …

Genomic insights on DNase production in Streptococcus agalactiae ST17 and ST19 strains.

Streptococcus agalactiae evasion from the human defense mechanisms has been linked to the production of DNases. These were proposed to contribute to the hypervirulence of S. agalactiae ST17/capsular-type III strains, mostly associated with neonatal meningitis. We performed a comparative genomic analysis between ST17 and ST19 human strains with different cell tropism and distinct DNase production phenotypes. All S. agalactiae ST17 strains, with the exception of 2211-04, were found to display DNase activity, while the opposite scenario was observed for ST19, where 1203-05 was the only DNase(+) s…

Severe COVID-19 with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in a sickle cell disease adult patient: case report.

BACKGROUND: Sickle-cell anaemia is a widespread genetic disease prevalent worldwide among African and African-American populations. The pathogenesis is most often revealed by pulmonary conditions, including acute thoracic syndrome, which is affecting the life expectancy of these populations. The global spread of CoV2-SARS infection with a respiratory tropism, endothelial damages and procoagulant status endangers the SCD population. However, with only a few case reports, consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic on SCD population remain poorly known. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of a 33-yea…

Th17 T Cells and Immature Dendritic Cells Are the Preferential Initial Targets after Rectal Challenge with a Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Based Replication-Defective Dual-Reporter Vector.

Understanding the earliest events of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) sexual transmission is critical to developing and optimizing HIV pre … gh risk of acquiring HIV. While in vitro data have developed a framework for understanding HIV cell tropism, the initial target cells in the rectal mucosa have not been identified. In this study, we identify these early host cells by using an innovative rhesus macaque rectal challenge model and methodology, which we previously developed. Thus, by shedding …

Animal models for the study of human hepatitis B and D virus infection: New insights and progress.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a member of the Hepadnaviridae family and infects hepatocytes, leading to liver pathology in acutely and chronica … ology, neurology, reproduction, and development. Unfortunately, HBV has a highly-restricted species tropism, infecting limited species including humans, chimpanzees, and treeshrews. The first experimentally controlled studies of HBV infection were following inoculation of human volunteers in 1942, which identified the transmissibility of hepatitis through …

An improved animal model for herpesvirus encephalitis in humans.

Herpesviral encephalitis caused by Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) is one of the most devastating diseases in humans. Patients present with fever, mental status changes or seizures and when untreated, sequelae can be fatal. Herpes Simplex Encephalitis (HSE) is characterized by mainly unilateral necrotizing inflammation effacing the frontal and mesiotemporal lobes with rare involvement of the brainstem. HSV-1 is hypothesized to invade the CNS via the trigeminal or olfactory nerve, but viral tropism and the exact route of infection remain unclear. Several mouse models for HSE have been developed,…

A Genome-Wide Haploid Genetic Screen Identifies Heparan Sulfate-Associated Genes and the Macropinocytosis Modulator TMED10 as Factors Supporting Vaccinia Virus Infection.

Vaccinia virus is a promising viral vaccine and gene delivery candidate and has historically been used as a model to study poxvirus-host cel … ttachment to the cell and entry. These host factors are crucial for virus infectivity and host cell tropism. We used a genome-wide knockout library of host cells to identify host factors necessary for vaccinia virus infection. We confirm a dominant role for heparin sulfate in mediating virus attachment. Additionally, we show that TMED10, previously not im …

Age-related changes in axial and sagittal orientation of the facet joints: Comparison with changes in degenerative spondylolisthesis.

BACKGROUND: Despite facet joints being three-dimensional structures, previous computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging studies hav … owed more sagittally and horizontally oriented facet joints in the axial and sagittal planes; facet tropism showed an association with degenerative spondylolisthesis in the axial plane. CONCLUSIONS: The axial and sagittal orientation of facet joints in the lower lumbar vertebra, especially L4/5, was negatively correlated with age. This finding could help …

HIV-1 integrase strand-transfer inhibitor resistance in southern Taiwan.

The use of antiretroviral therapy has reduced rates of mortality and morbidity in patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune … counselling and testing from 2013 to 2016 in southern Taiwan. Genotypic drug resistance, coreceptor tropism (CRT) and INSTI resistance were determined. Logistic regression was used to analyse the risk factors for INSTI polymorphic substitution. Sequences were obtained from 184 consecutive individuals, of whom 96.7% were men who have sex with men and 3.3% …