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Effect of the BH3 Mimetic Polyphenol (-)-Gossypol (AT-101) on the in vitro and in vivo Growth of Malignant Mesothelioma.

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a primary tumor arising from mesothelial cells. The survival of MM patients following traditional chemotherap … pase inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK. Z-VAD-FMK was able to significantly reduce the number of cells in the subG1 phase compared to the treatment with AT-101 alone. This result corroborates the induction of cell death by apoptosis following treatment with AT-101. Indeed, Western blotting results showed that AT-101 increases Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, modulates p53 expression, …

Interpreting clinical assays for histone deacetylase inhibitors.

As opposed to genetics, dealing with gene expressions by direct DNA sequence modifications, the term epigenetics applies to all the external influences that target the chromatin structure of cells with impact on gene expression unrelated to the sequence coding of DNA itself. In normal cells, epigenetics modulates gene expression through all development steps. When "imprinted" early by the environment, epigenetic changes influence the organism at an early stage and can be transmitted to the progeny. Together with DNA sequence alterations, DNA aberrant cytosine methylation and microRNA deregulat

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… phase. 83 Activation of PPARδ was present in F9 cells. 84 VPA induces caspase-dependent and -independent apoptosis in leukemia cells, 85 and in AML cells expressing P-gp and multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1), 86 inhibits production of TNF-α and interleukin (IL)-6 and activates nuclear factor kappa … Bacon CL Gallagher HC Haughey JC Antiproliferative action of valproate is associated with aberrant expression and nuclear translocation of cyclin D3 during the C6 glioma G1 phase J Neurochem 2002 83 1 12 19 12358724 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.01081.x 84. …

Efficacy of Isatuximab With Pomalidomide and Dexamethasone in Relapsed Myeloma: Results of a UK-Wide Real-World Dataset.

Real-world data on the efficacy and tolerability of isatuximab with pomalidomide and dexamethasone (IsaPomDex) in relapsed/refractory myeloma patients have not been reported. In this UK-wide retrospective study, IsaPomDex outcomes were evaluated across 24 routine care cancer centers. The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR). Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), duration of response (DOR) for patients who achieved an objective response (≥partial response [PR]), and adverse events (AEs). In a total cohort 107 patients, median follow up (interquartile range [I

Recent Developments and Evolving Therapeutic Strategies in KMT2A-Rearranged Acute Leukemia.

BackgroundRearrangements of the histone-lysine-N-methyltransferase (KMT2A), previously referred to as mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL), are among the most common chromosomal abnormalities in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), involving numerous different fusion partners. KMT2A-rearranged (KMT2A-r) leukemia is characterized by a rapid onset, aggressive progression, and significantly worse prognosis compared to non-KMT2A-r leukemias. Even with contemporary chemotherapeutic treatments and hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (HSCT), patients with KM

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… phase [ 43 ]. … In cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia with KMT2A rearrangements, decitabine significantly delays leukemic proliferation in vivo xenograft models and inhibits proliferation in vitro by provoking the arrest of cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase and apoptosis [ 47 ]. …

Dynamics of Bone Disease Biomarkers Dickkopf-1 and Sclerostin in Patients with Multiple Myeloma.

Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) and sclerostin are essential Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitors, playing an important role in multiple myeloma bone disease (MBD). We aimed to examine the serum DKK-1 and sclerostin variations in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients at diagnosis and in the course of therapy, including autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). This study included 41 NDMM-patients and 33 controls. MBD was assessed by whole-body low-dose computed tomography. DKK-1 and sclerostin were assayed by commercial ELISA kits. At diagnosis, NDMM-patients revealed significantly higher DKK-1 a

Non-Curcuminoids from Turmeric and Their Potential in Cancer Therapy and Anticancer Drug Delivery Formulations.

Over the past decades curcuminoids have been extensively studied for their biological activities such as antiulcer, antifibrotic, antiviral, antibacterial, antiprotozoal, antimutagenic, antifertility, antidiabetic, anticoagulant, antivenom, antioxidant, antihypotensive, antihypocholesteremic, and anticancer activities. With the perception of limited toxicity and cost, these compounds forms an integral part of cancer research and is well established as a potential anticancer agent. However, only few studies have focused on the other bioactive molecules of turmeric, known as non-curcuminoids, wh

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… This reduction of cyclin D1 protein expression and Rb phosphorylation seized the cell cycle at G1 phase [ 63 ]. … Furanodinone showed an upregulation of p21cip1 which caused decrease in cyclin D1, cyclin E, cdk4/6, and cdk 2 and this ultimately resulted cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. …

Efficacy and safety of thalidomide for recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is considered as the most common oral mucosal lesion affecting up to 25% of people worldwide. Thalidomide has been reported for the treatment of RAS, but the evidence has not been systematically evaluated. We first systematically reviewed the efficacy and safety of thalidomide for the treatment of RAS. METHODS: We searched The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese BioMedical Literature Database (CBM), Wanfang Data, and VIP information from inception to December 2023. Ran

Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cells in Myasthenia Gravis: Advances, Safety Challenges, and Future Directions.

This review examines the emerging application of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy in myasthenia gravis (MG), with emphasis on safety, efficacy signals, and future therapeutic potential in treatment-refractory disease. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, medRxiv, bioRxiv, and Google Scholar for studies published between January 1, 2010 and July 1, 2025, using the terms "CAR T-cell," "chimeric antigen receptor," and "myasthenia gravis." Eligible reports included clinical trials, case reports, case series, and mechanistic studies describing CAR T-cell ther

Molecular Targeting and Rational Chemotherapy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a molecularly complex disease with multiple aberrant genetic pathways involved in its pathogenesis. Approximately one-third to one-half of patients with AML would relapse, and no standard therapy is established for relapsing and/or refractory AML (RR-AML) yet. It is unlikely that blockage of only one specific pathway will lead to prolonged remissions and cures in all fractions of the AML patients population. Nowadays, novel therapeutic agents with rational combination are being recognized which improve the cure rate for relapsed AML. These drugs and their metabo

Biological and clinical basis for molecular studies of interferons.

The cytokine family of interferons (IFNs) has multiple functions, including antiviral, anti-tumor, and immunomodulatory effects and regulation of cell differentiation. The multiple functions of the IFN system are thought to be an innate defense against microbes and foreign substances. The IFN system consists first of cells that produce IFNs in response to viral infection or other foreign stimuli and second of cells that establish the antiviral state in response to IFNs. This process of innate immunity involves multiple signaling mechanisms and activation of various host genes. Viruses have evo

Identification of the sAPRIL binding peptide and its growth inhibition effects in the colorectal cancer cells.

BackgroundA proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) super family. It binds to its specific receptors and is involved in multiple processes during tumorigenesis and tumor cells proliferation. High levels of APRIL expression are closely correlated to the growth, metastasis, and 5-FU drug resistance of colorectal cancer. The aim of this study was to identify a specific APRIL binding peptide (BP) able to block APRIL activity that could be used as a potential treatment for colorectal cancer.MethodsA phage display library was used to identify peptides tha

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… Similarly, we have previously shown that lentivirus-mediated RNAi knockdown of APRIL inhibits the growth rate of LOVO cells and increases the number of cells in the G0/G1 phase and decreases the number in the G2/M phase [ 28 ]. … In gastric cancers, APRIL knockdown causes cell cycle arrest at the G2/M transition but not at the G0/G1 phase transition [ 48 ]. …

Targeting histone deacetylases in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets.

The onerous health and economic burden associated with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a global predicament. Despite the advent of novel surgical techniques and therapeutic protocols, there is an incessant need for efficacious diagnostic and therapeutic targets to monitor the invasion, metastasis and recurrence of HNSCC due to its substantial morbidity and mortality. The differential expression patterns of histone deacetylases (HDACs), a group of enzymes responsible for modifying histones and regulating gene expression, have been demonstrated in neoplastic tissues. However, th

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… MDM2, a negative regulator of the p53 tumor suppressor, played key roles in mediating the anti-tumor effects of SIRT6, as it degraded SIRT6 via the proteasome-dependent pathway, then effectively decreased the proportion of HNSCC cells in the G1 phase, indicative of cell death [ 110 ]. … Entinostat has been found to induce cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase and inhibit the proliferation of OSCC cell lines by modulating genes associated with the cell cycle, such as p21. …

Promising Activities of Marine Natural Products against Hematopoietic Malignancies.

According to the WHO classification of tumors, more than 150 typologies of hematopoietic and lymphoid tumors exist, and most of them remain incurable diseases that require innovative approaches to improve therapeutic outcome and avoid side effects. Marine organisms represent a reservoir of novel bioactive metabolites, but they are still less studied compared to their terrestrial counterparts. This review is focused on marine natural products with anticancer activity against hematological tumors, highlighting recent advances and possible perspectives. Until now, there are five commercially avai

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… They arrested cell cycle during the G1 phase and induced caspase-dependent apoptosis, inhibiting anti-apoptotic proteins, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), activator protein-1 (AP1), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathways. … In addition, cell cycle analysis showed with that ascididemin treatment there was a loss of cells in the G1 phase accompanied with a large increase in the sub-G1 region. …

The potential anti-cancer effects of quercetin on blood, prostate and lung cancers: An update.

Cancer is caused by abnormal proliferation of cells and aberrant recognition of the immune system. According to recent studies, natural products are most likely to be effective at preventing cancer without causing any noticeable complications. Among the bioactive flavonoids found in fruits and vegetables, quercetin is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. This review aims to highlight the potential therapeutic effects of quercetin on some different types of cancers including blood, lung and prostate cancers.

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… Furthermore, a dose-dependent boost in the apoptotic cell population was observed in the Sub-G1 phase when Nalm6 cells were treated with rising concentrations of quercetin. … In summary, quercetin exhibited suppressive functions in tumor proliferation, invasion, and migration and an increase in apoptosis and G1 phase rate ( 141 ). …

Icariin as a potential anticancer agent: a review of its biological effects on various cancers.

Numerous chemical compounds used in cancer treatment have been isolated from natural herbs to address the ever-increasing cancer incidence worldwide. Therein is icariin, which has been extensively studied for its therapeutic potential due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidepressant, and aphrodisiac properties. However, there is a lack of comprehensive and detailed review of studies on icariin in cancer treatment. Given this, this study reviews and examines the relevant literature on the chemopreventive and therapeutic potentials of icariin in cancer treatment and describes its mechan

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… Another study found that icariin could not induce apoptosis by blocking the cycle in G0/G1 phase ( Zhang, 2013 ). … In addition, icariin can induce the differentiation and cell cycle arrest of melanoma B16 cells at G0/G1 phase by inhibiting the Erk1/2-p38-JNK-dependent pathway ( Wang et al., 2017 ). …

A data-driven model of disability progression in progressive multiple sclerosis.

This study applies the Gaussian process progression model, a Bayesian data-driven disease progression model, to analyse the evolution of primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Utilizing data from 1521 primary progressive multiple sclerosis participants collected within the International Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Alliance Project, the analysis includes 18 581 longitudinal time-points (average follow-up time: 28.2 months) of disability assessments including the expanded disability status scale, symbol digit modalities, timed 25-foot-walk, 9-hole-peg test and of MRI metrics such as T1 and T

Molecular Mechanism of Autophagy and Its Regulation by Cannabinoids in Cancer.

Autophagy is a "self-degradation" process whereby malfunctioned cytoplasmic constituents and protein aggregates are engulfed by a vesicle called the autophagosome, and subsequently degraded by the lysosome. Autophagy plays a crucial role in sustaining protein homeostasis and can be an alternative source of energy under detrimental circumstances. Studies have demonstrated a paradoxical function for autophagy in cancer, displaying both tumour suppressive and tumour promotive roles. In early phases of tumour development autophagy promotes cancer cell death. In later phases, autophagy enables canc

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… ER stress inhibits cell cycle progression at the G1 phase, and cannabinoids, such as AEA, induce cell cycle arrest at the G1-S transition, via upregulation of CDK inhibitors p21 and p27, proteolysis of Cdc25 homologue A (Cdc25A) and inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2) [ 155 ]. …

Medicinal Plants with Anti-Leukemic Effects: A Review.

Leukemia is a leukocyte cancer that is characterized by anarchic growth of immature immune cells in the bone marrow, blood and spleen. There are many forms of leukemia, and the best course of therapy and the chance of a patient's survival depend on the type of leukemic disease. Different forms of drugs have been used to treat leukemia. Due to the adverse effects associated with such therapies and drug resistance, the search for safer and more effective drugs remains one of the most challenging areas of research. Thus, new therapeutic approaches are important to improving outcomes. Almost half

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… It was reported that the cytotoxic activity of seed extracts on CEM and CEM/VLB cells is through cyclin kinase protein up-regulation (WAF1/p21) and cell cycle blockage at G0/G1 phase, resulting in cancer cell death [ 59 ]. … Wogonoside exerts its effect through cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and promoting differentiation. It increases the phospholipid scramblase 1 (PLSCR1) transcription, upregulates differentiation-related gene p21waf1/cip1 and downregulates oncogenic protein c-myc. …

A Systematic Review of Laser Photobiomodulation Dosimetry and Treatment Protocols in the Management of Medications-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws: A Rationalised Consensus for Future Randomised Controlled Clinical Trials.

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a debilitating adverse effect of bisphosphates, antiresorptive therapy or antiangiogenic agents that can potentially increase oxidative stress, leading to progressive osteonecrosis of the jaws. Despite the large number of published systematic reviews, there is a lack of potential MRONJ treatment protocols utilising photobiomodulation (PBM) as a single or adjunct therapy for preventive or therapeutic oncology or non-oncology cohort. Hence, this systematic review aimed to evaluate PBM laser efficacy and its dosimetry as a monotherapy or comb

The Mucolipin TRPML2 Channel Enhances the Sensitivity of Multiple Myeloma Cell Lines to Ibrutinib and/or Bortezomib Treatment.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a haematological B cell malignancy characterised by clonal proliferation of plasma cells and their accumulation in the bone marrow. The aim of the present study is the evaluation of biological effects of Ibrutinib in human MM cell lines alone or in combination with different doses of Bortezomib. In addition, the relationship between the expression of TRPML2 channels and chemosensitivity of different MM cell lines to Ibrutinib administered alone or in combination with Bortezomib has been evaluated. By RT-PCR and Western blot analysis, we found that the Ibrutinib-resista

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… Thus, Ibrutinib administration at 12.5 and 25 µM dose for 24 h reduces the RPMI cells in G1 phase with a marked subG0 cells accumulation, which increase at 48 h after treatment. … On the contrary U266 cells were arrested in G1 phase at low Ibrutinib dose (12.5 μM), whereas a subG0 accumulation was observed at higher dose after long exposition time. …