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Drug therapy for obstructive sleep apnoea in adults.

BACKGROUND: The treatment of choice for moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP) applied via a mask during sleep. However, this is not tolerated by all individuals and its role in mild OSA is not proven. Drug therapy has been proposed as an alternative to CPAP in some patients with mild to moderate sleep apnoea and could be of value in patients intolerant of CPAP. A number of mechanisms have been proposed by which drugs could reduce the severity of OSA. These include an increase in tone in the upper airway dilator muscles, an increase in

Management of belantamab mafodotin-associated corneal events in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM).

Belantamab mafodotin (belamaf) demonstrated deep and durable responses in patients with heavily pretreated relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) in DREAMM-2 (NCT03525678). Corneal events, specifically keratopathy (including superficial punctate keratopathy and/or microcyst-like epithelial changes (MECs), eye examination findings with/without symptoms), were common, consistent with reports from other antibody-drug conjugates. Given the novel nature of corneal events in RRMM management, guidelines are required for their prompt identification and appropriate management. Eye examination f

NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Dimethyl Hydrogen Phosphite (CAS No. 868-85-9) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies).

Dimethyl hydrogen phosphite (DMHP) is used as an intermediate in the production of insecticides and herbicides, as an additive to lubricants, and as a stabilizer in oil and plaster and was considered for use as a chemical to simulate the physical (but not the biologic) properties of anticholinesterase agents. Results of 13-week gavage studies in F344/N rats (0-400 mg DMHP/kg body weight) and in B6C3F1 mice (0-1,500 mg DMHP/kg body weight) were used to identify short-term toxicity and to establish doses for the 2-year toxicology and carcinogenesis studies. In these studies, dimethyl hydrogen ph

Ocular adverse events associated with antibody-drug conjugates for cancer: evidence and management strategies.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a fast-growing class of cancer drugs designed to selectively deliver cytotoxic payloads through antibody binding to cancer cells with high expression of the target antigen, thus reducing systemic exposure and minimizing off-target effects. However, ADCs are associated with various ocular adverse events (AEs) that may impact treatment administration and patient outcomes. In this review, we provide a summary of ocular AEs associated with approved and investigational ADCs, recommendations for the mitigation and management of ocular AEs, current guidelines and e

Visual and ocular surface benefits of mini-scleral contact lenses in patients with chronic ocular graft-versus-host disease (GvHD).

Graft-versus-Host disease is a major complication of allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The eyes are a frequently affected organ with a severe dry eye disease being the hallmark manifestation. This retrospective study evaluates the effect of mini-scleral contact lenses on visual acuity, eye-related quality of life and the ocular surface. 62 eyes of 31 patients were included and visual acuity, ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire results and Oxford grades before and after mini-scleral lens fitting were compared. Median Snellen fraction with mini-scleral lenses was 20/25 (1st 20/

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… In severe cases, where adequate lubrication of the ocular surface cannot be achieved by conventional means, scleral contact lenses are a viable therapeutic option 5 – 8 . … All patients had primarily received conservative therapy including lubricating eye drops, topical cyclosporine A, steroid or autologous serum eye drops. If severe dry eye persisted, mini-scleral lens fitting was recommended. …

Оценка женской сексуальной дисфункции у пациентов с повторным множественным склерозом.

Множественный склероз (MS) затрагивает главным образом молодых людей репродуктивного возраста с существенными последствиями на протяжении всей жизни, среди которых сексуальная дисфункция (SD) является одним из наиболее забытых в ходе обычного клинического лечения. ЦЕЛЬ: Оценка УР у женщин, у которых диагностированы повторные выбросы MS (RRMS). МЕТОДЫ: Это межсекторальное аналитическое исследование было проведено в больнице " Санта Каса де Сан-Паулу " , Факультет медицины, Сан-Паулу, Бразилия, в период с ноября 2020 года по март 2022 года. В выборку входили 80 женщин-больных с диагноз

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… It includes 19 questions that evaluate 6 sexual domains (desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain). … Inadequate vaginal wetness or lubrication (women)/difficulty getting or keeping a satisfactory erection (men) 46 (57.5) 10 (12.5) 10 (12.5) 12 (15) 2 (2.5) 1.92(± 1.24) 14 (17.5) SD2 1. …

Ocular Surface Side Effects of Novel Anticancer Drugs.

Surgery, anticancer drugs (chemotherapy, hormonal medicines, and targeted treatments), and/or radiation are common treatment strategies for neoplastic diseases. Anticancer drugs eliminate malignant cells through the inhibition of specific pathways that contribute to the formation and development of cancer. Given the ability of such pharmacological medications to combat cancerous cells, their role in the management of neoplastic diseases has become essential. However, these drugs may also lead to undesirable systemic and ocular adverse effects due to cyto/neuro-toxicity and inflammatory reactio

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… Nevertheless, in both cases, patients were able to continue their anticancer treatment using topical lubricant agents in conjunction with osimertinib since the keratopathy seemed not to impair their vision [ 63 ]. … The same disease occurred in a patient on vandetanib therapy for anaplastic astrocytoma, which was managed with dose reduction and lubrication with carboxymethylcellulose [ 126 ]. …

Mucin1 as a potential molecule for cancer immunotherapy and targeted therapy.

Mucin1 is a highly glycosylated type 1 transmembrane mucin that ranks second among 75 tumor-related antigens published by the National Cancer Institute, and has been identified as a possible therapeutic target over the past 30 years. MUC1 plays an important role in malignant transformation and disease evolution, including cell proliferation, survival, self-renewal, and metastatic invasion. MUC1 has been shown to interact with diverse effectors such as β-catenin, receptor tyrosine kinases, and cellular-abelsongene, which are of importance in the pathogenesis of various malignant tumors. Targeti

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… It is also involved in lubrication 3 , cell surface hydration 4 , and protection from degradative enzymes 5 . … In the other hand, ocular surface epithelial cells produce and secrete MUC1 that form a hydrophilic barrier for protection and lubrication of the eye 34 . …

Interventions for treating constipation in pregnancy.

BACKGROUND: Constipation is a common symptom experienced during pregnancy. It has a range of consequences from reduced quality of life and perception of physical health to haemorrhoids. An understanding of the effectiveness and safety of treatments for constipation in pregnancy is important for the clinician managing pregnant women. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness and safety of interventions (pharmacological and non-pharmacological) for treating constipation in pregnancy. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (30 April 2015), Clinic

NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Chlorinated Paraffins (C23, 43% Chlorine) (CAS No. 108171-27-3) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies).

Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of chlorinated paraffins (C23, 43% chlorine), an extreme-pressure lubricant and flame retardant, were conducted by administering the chemical in corn oil by gavage to groups of 50 F344/N rats and 50 B6C3F1 mice of each sex, 5 days per week for 103 weeks. Additional groups of 10 rats per sex and dose were examined at 6 and at 12 months. Male rats received doses of 0, 1,875, or 3,750 mg/kg body weight; female rats were given 0, 100, 300, or 900 mg/kg. Male and female mice received 0, 2,500, or 5,000 mg/kg. Doses selected for the 2-year studies were based on

NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Propylene (CAS No. 115-07-1) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies).

Propylene is used as a starting material in the production of polypropylene plastics and various other chemicals, including acrylonitrile, isopropyl alcohol, propylene oxide, butyraldehyde, cumene, dodecane, nonene, and allyl chloride. The major derivatives are polypropylene (25%), acrylonitrile (15%), isopropyl alcohol (10%), and propylene oxide (10%). It is also a valuable feed-stock chemical for the production of gasoline. Other miscellaneous applications include use as a starting material for polymerization reactions to form vinyl chloride copolymers and low-molecular-weight homopolymers t

Emergency Care

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Biomimetic materials for medical applications.

AbstractRecent advances in biomedical research have facilitated the exploration of biomimetic materials and their potential for diagnosing and treating diseases. This review synthesizes reports of recent research into biomimetic materials and provides a focused analysis of their therapeutic and diagnostic efficacy across multiple physiological systems, including the locomotor, digestive, respiratory, urinary, endocrine, nervous, integumentary, hematopoietic, and circulatory systems. These findings highlight the transformative potential of these materials in the management of systemic diseases.

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… Joint lubrication failure is a key driver of OA progression. Deng et al [ 17 ] reported the efficacy of natural lubricant mimics developed with chitosan-block-poly (sulfobetaine methacrylate) (CS-b-pSBMA) copolymers, which have lower friction than hyaluronic acid. … Inspired by the lubricating property of chondroitin sulfate, Yang et al [ 25 ] grafted chondroitin sulfate onto chitosan nanoparticles (reducing the friction coefficient to 0.08) and loaded them with diclofenac sodium (DS). …

Sexual Function in Women Survivors of Hematologic Malignancy after Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

A multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the sexual function of women survivors of hematologic malignancy after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT), and to compare it with that of healthy women controls. Fifty-six sexually active women survivors of hematologic malignancy who underwent AHSCT were recruited through convenience sampling, as well as 60 healthy women. Demographic and clinical data questionnaires and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) were completed. Survivors had a median age of 44 years and a median time since transplant of 3 years,

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… The subscales of the FSFI had excellent internal consistency, based on the Cronbach alpha (desire = 0.964, arousal = 0.974, lubrication = 0.984, orgasm = 0.973, satisfaction = 0.977, pain = 0.975, total score = 0.987). 2.4. … FSFI scores showed that they had low desire and arousal, lubrication, absent or infrequent orgasm, painful intercourse, and overall dissatisfaction with their overall sex life (all at lower scores than our findings). …

Оценка свойств сообщаемых пациентами итоговых показателей сексуального здоровья населения в целом: систематический обзор в соответствии с руководящими принципами КОСМИН 2.0.

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: Сексуальное здоровье играет решающую роль в общем здоровье и качестве жизни взрослых. В настоящее время в мире существуют различные меры по оценке состояния сексуального здоровья с различных аспектов, о которых сообщают пациенты. Однако качество этих инструментов измерения не было оценено в достаточной степени. АИМ: Проведение систематического обзора существующих ПМР, используемых для оценки сексуального здоровья населения в целом, оценка их методологического качества и измерительных свойств и представление соответствующих рекомендаций. МЕТОДЫ: Систематический обзор пров

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… Unknown Unknown FSFI-6 Sexual Function 200 6 1 domains: Female Sexual Function 6-point Likert scale, 0–5 per item <3 min SFQ Sexual Function 1781 24 7 domains: Desire, Enjoyment, Arousal-sensation, Arousal-lubrication, Orgasm, Pain, Enjoyment, Partner Desire: score range 5–31; Arousal-sensation: score … range 4–20; arousal-lubrication: score range 2–10; orgasm :score range 3–15; enjoyment: score range 6–30; pain: score range 2–15; partner relationship: score range2–10 Unknown FSFI Sexual Function 259 19 6 domains: Desire, Arousal, Lubrication, Orgasm, Satisfaction, Pain 5-point Likert scale, 1–5 f …

Drug-Induced Periocular and Ocular Surface Disorders: An EAACI Position Paper.

Various systemic and topical medications can induce ocular and periocular cutaneous adverse effects (AEs), ranging from mild to severe. These AEs may lead to ocular surface (OS) damage and, in some cases, life-threatening complications. Drug-induced ocular adverse reactions are generally classified into two primary categories: toxic reactions and/or allergic hypersensitivity reactions, which can be IgE or non-IgE-mediated. Systemic antibiotics, antivirals, and anticonvulsants can trigger adverse reactions that may involve the OS. Drugs like antihistamines, beta-blockers, antipsychotics, antide

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… For patients with conjunctival hyperemia without epithelial defects, treatment includes topical antibiotics, corticosteroids, and intensive lubrication. … Saline rinses, frequent lubrication, and pseudomembrane debridement are also recommended [ 27 , 31 , 32 ]. Ensuring adequate lid closure is critical, as lagophthalmos and corneal exposure can exacerbate OS damage. …

Corneal Epithelial Findings in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Treated with Antibody-Drug Conjugate Belantamab Mafodotin in the Pivotal, Randomized, DREAMM-2 Study.

IntroductionPatients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) represent an unmet clinical need. Belantamab mafodotin (belamaf; GSK2857916) is a first-in-class antibody-drug conjugate (ADC; or immunoconjugate) that delivers a cytotoxic payload, monomethyl auristatin F (MMAF), to myeloma cells. In the phase II DREAMM-2 study (NCT03525678), single-agent belamaf (2.5 mg/kg) demonstrated clinically meaningful anti-myeloma activity (overall response rate 32%) in patients with heavily pretreated disease. Microcyst-like epithelial changes (MECs) were common, consistent with reports from oth

Longitudinal Swallowing and Salivary Changes With CLR 131 and Re-Irradiation in Recurrent Head and Neck Cancer.

BACKGROUND: Patients with recurrent head and neck cancer (HNC) often present with severe, persistent dysphagia and xerostomia following prior chemoradiation. Although swallowing impairments and salivary dysfunction have been reported in this population, prior longitudinal studies have not examined changes in salivary composition or how these changes relate to swallowing physiology. PURPOSE: This study characterized longitudinal changes in swallowing and salivary function-including composition-following treatment with CLR 131, a novel tumor-selective radiotherapeutic, combined with external be

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… Extensional viscosity—a measure of a fluid's resistance to an extensional flow, relevant for surface and bolus cohesion and lubrication—was measured. Three boluses were loaded into the CaBER, each run four times; data from the first viable run were included in analyses. … Swallowing and salivary production are interrelated, as saliva provides essential lubrication to maintain bolus cohesion and facilitate oral and pharyngeal transport. Additionally, salivary composition may impact sensory input and impact swallowing performance [ 39 ]. …

Гидрационный механизм и микроструктурная эволюция низкокалорийного цемента на основе морской воды.

В этой статье предлагается новый метод подготовки к производству цемента с низким содержанием щелочи на основе морской воды, активированного с помощью фосфогипсума (PG), в целях повышения эффективности систем многоотходных связующих устройств с использованием высокоионной среды морской воды при одновременном решении вопросов затрат и щелочности, связанных с традиционными активаторами с высоким содержанием щелочи. Последствия частичной замены наземной гранулированной ударной шлаки (GGBS) на PG (GG)0-15%) и летающая зола (FA, 20-50%) в отношении времени установки были изучены револогические свой

Sexual dysfunction and its impact on quality of life among female haematological cancer patients: a cross-sectional study in Malaysia.

BackgroundS exual dysfunction (SD) and quality of life (QoL) are significantly impacted by cancer and its treatments. However, information on sexual function is scarce, particularly among female patients with underlying haematological malignancies in Asia. This study is aimed at determining the prevalence of SD in these patients, identifying associated factors, and examining their effects on QoL.MethodsThis cross-sectional study, conducted in Malaysia from 2014 to 2016, involved female patients with haematological malignancies who were on active treatment or had completed active treatment. Soc

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… Consisting of 19 items, it assesses 6 domains: desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain. Each domain has the highest score of six, with a higher score indicating better sexual function. … malignancies ( n = 89) FSFI Female Sexual Function Index, IQR inter-quartile range, SD sexual dysfunction FSFI components | Overall, median (IQR) | SD, median (IQR) | p -value Yes | No Desire score | 2.0 (3.0) | 2.0 (3.0) | 4.0 (0.0) | < 0.001 Arousal score | 3.0 (4.0) | 2.0 (4.0) | 4.0 (1.0) | < 0.001 Lubricant …