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Biologics for bone regeneration: advances in cell, protein, gene, and mRNA therapies.

Bone fractures represent a significant global healthcare burden. Although fractures typically heal on their own, some fail to regenerate properly, leading to nonunion, a condition that causes prolonged disability, morbidity, and mortality. The challenge of treating nonunion fractures is further complicated in patients with underlying bone disorders where systemic and local factors impair bone healing. Traditional treatment approaches, including autografts, allografts, xenografts, and synthetic biomaterials, face limitations such as donor site pain, immune rejection, and insufficient mechanical

Strategies to optimize chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in hematologic malignancies: Chinese experience.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has emerged as a promising form of adoptive T-cell immunotherapy for selected hematologic malignancies including leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma. China has become the country with the largest number of registered CAR T-cell trials. Despite the remarkable clinical outcomes achieved with CAR Tcell therapy, challenges such as disease relapse, the process of manufacturing the CAR T cells and safety have limited the therapeutic efficacy of CAR T cells in hematologic malignancies. In this period of innovation, several clinical trials have report

ISEV2019 Abstract Book

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Structure and function of therapeutic antibodies approved by the US FDA in 2023.

In calendar year 2023, the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) approved a total of 55 new molecular entities, of which 12 were in the class of therapeutic antibodies. Besides antibody protein drugs, the US FDA also approved another five non-antibody protein drugs, making the broader class of protein drugs about 31% of the total approved drugs. Among the 12 therapeutic antibodies approved by the US FDA, 8 were relatively standard IgG formats, 3 were bivalent, bispecific antibodies and 1 was a trivalent, bispecific antibody. In 2023, no new antibody-drug conjugates, immunocytokin

Anticancer peptides as novel immunomodulatory therapeutic candidates for cancer treatment.

Cancer remains a concern after years of research in this field. Conventional therapies such as chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery are available for cancer treatment, but they are characterized by various side effects. There are several immunological challenges that make it difficult for the immune system and conventional therapies to treat cancer. Some of these challenges include heterogeneity, resistance to medicines, and cancer relapse. Even advanced treatments like immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which revolutionized cancer treatment, have associated toxicity and resistance further n

Протеиновый профиль множественных миеломных экстраклелярных везиков для открытия биомаркеров, связанных с новелом миеломой.

Несмотря на терапевтические достижения, множественная миелома (ММ) по-прежнему характеризуется продвижением и рецидивом, что подчеркивает необходимость надежных биомаркеров для раннего обнаружения и мониторинга. Внешнеклеточные везикулы (ЭМ) представляют собой клеточные, липидные двуслойные частицы, которые способствуют межклеточному общению и циркулируют в жидкостях тела, что делает их перспективными биомаркерами. В этом исследовании проводится сопоставление протеома ЭМ, полученного с помощью ММ, с материнскими клетками и оценивается, является ли ЭМ высшим источником биомаркеров с учетом ММ.

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… Data Analysis Raw MS files were processed by the MaxQuant software v1.6.6.0 [ 20 ] set on the Uniprot_ Homo sapiens database against the Andromeda search engine. … The Andromeda search engine used to identify MS/MS based peptide and proteins in MaxQuant comprises a target‐decoy approach with less than 1% of False Discovery Rate. …

Revisiting mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapies in metastatic clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma.

Renal-cell carcinoma (RCC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Though newer therapeutic combinations of immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies have greatly improved outcomes, resistance to these therapies is becoming a challenge for long-term control. Mechanisms of resistance have been explored in a variety of solid tumors, including RCC. Based upon our review of the current literature on the mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapies for the management of metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinomas (mccRCC), the ensuing conclusions have been made: The

Clinical innovations and future directions of nanoparticles in the treatment of psychiatric and neurological disorders.

Nanoparticles (NPs) provide a versatile toolkit for psychiatry and neurology by leveraging tunable size, surface chemistry, and payload control to overcome long-standing barriers in central nervous system (CNS) therapy. Lipid, polymeric, inorganic, and hybrid NPs can be engineered to traverse the blood-brain barrier (BBB) via receptor/transporter pathways, target specific cell types, and deliver sustained or stimuli-responsive release. Beyond drug delivery, NPs improve imaging, enable gene/RNA therapeutics, and support anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective strategies, advancing precision medic

Inhibition of cytochrome P450 epoxygenase promotes endothelium-to-mesenchymal transition and exacerbates doxorubicin-induced cardiovascular toxicity.

BackgroundDoxorubicin (DOX) is a potent chemotherapy widely used in treating various neoplastic diseases. However, the clinical use of DOX is limited due to its potential toxic effect on the cardiovascular system. Thus, identifying the pathway involved in this toxicity may help minimize chemotherapy risk and improve cancer patients' quality of life. Recent studies suggest that Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and endothelial toxicity contribute to the pathogenesis of DOX-induced cardiovascular toxicity. However, the molecular mechanism is yet unknown. Given that arachidonic acid a

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… MS and MS/MS data processing and analysis The built-in search engine Andromeda [ 9 ] in the MaxQuant software (version 2.1.4.0) was used to process the MS/MS raw data according to standard workflow [ 38 ]. … Cox J, Neuhauser N, Michalski A, Scheltema RA, Olsen JV, Mann M (2011) Andromeda: a peptide search engine integrated into the MaxQuant environment. J Proteome Res 10:1794–1805. 10.1021/pr101065j 10. …

A systematic review of ongoing clinical trials in optic pathway gliomas.

INTRODUCTION: Optic pathway gliomas (OPGs), also known as Visual Pathway Gliomas, are insidious, debilitating tumours. They are most commonly WHO grade 1 pilocytic astrocytomas and frequently occur in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. The location of OPGs within the optic pathway typically precludes complete resection or optimal radiation dosing, hence outcomes remain poor compared to many other low-grade gliomas. The aim of this systematic review was to formulate a comprehensive list of all current ongoing clinical trials that are specifically looking at clinical care of OPGs in order t

Healing Environments for Cancer Care: Toward a Patient-Centered Design Guideline for Inpatient Settings.

ObjectivesThis study proposes an evidence-based design guideline for oncology inpatient rooms that addresses the physical, emotional, and psychosocial needs of cancer patients.BackgroundCancer inpatients frequently experience long hospital stays with emotional vulnerability and clinical stress. Growing evidence suggests environmental design can shape patient experience, comfort, and recovery. Yet, current literature lacks an integrated framework for the spatial and sensory needs of this population.MethodA systematic literature review was conducted across Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. Fro

Infusion and delivery strategies to maximize the efficacy of CAR-T cell immunotherapy for cancers.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has achieved substantial clinical outcomes for tumors, especially for hematological malignancies. However, extending the duration of remission, reduction of relapse for hematological malignancies and improvement of the anti-tumor efficacy for solid tumors are challenges for CAR-T cells immunotherapy. Besides the endeavors to enhance the functionality of CAR-T cell per se, optimization of the infusion and delivery strategies facilitates the breakthrough of the hurdles that limited the efficacy of this cancer immunotherapy. Here, we summarized the i

Knowledge mapping and visualized analysis of research progress in onconephrology: a bibliometric analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Onconephrology is an expanding subspecialty focused on the management of cancer patients with renal injury. This study used a comprehensive bibliometric analysis to emphasize the need for cooperation between oncologists and nephrologists, exploring current trends and future research areas in onconephrology. METHODS: Relevant literature on onconephrology published between 1 January 2000 and 27 April 2024 was retrieved from the Science Citation Index Expanded of the Web of Science Core Collection, followed by manual screening. Bibliometric analyses were performed using CiteSpace, VO

Systematic Review of Intravenous Ascorbate in Cancer Clinical Trials.

BackgroundAscorbate (vitamin C) has been evaluated as a potential treatment for cancer as an independent agent and in combination with standard chemotherapies. This review assesses the evidence for safety and clinical effectiveness of intravenous (IV) ascorbate in treating various types of cancer.MethodsSingle arm and randomized Phase I/II trials were included in this review. The PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases were searched. Results were screened by three of the authors (GN, RP, and CJP) to determine if they met inclusion criteria, and then summarized using a narrative approach.Result

CAR-T-Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapies: Potentials, Limitations, and Future Prospects.

Cancer encompasses various elements occurring at the cellular and genetic levels, necessitating an immunotherapy capable of efficiently addressing both aspects. T cells can combat cancer cells by specifically recognizing antigens on them. This innate capability of T cells has been used to develop cellular immunotherapies, but most of them can only target antigens through major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs). New gene-editing techniques such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-cas9) can precisely edit the DNA sequences. CRISPR-c

Update on Classic and Novel Approaches in Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treatment: A Comprehensive Review.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for almost 15% of all diagnosed breast cancers and often presents high rates of relapses and metastases, with generally poor prognosis despite multiple lines of treatment. Immunotherapy has radically changed the approach of clinicians towards TNBC in the last two to three years, even if targeted and specific therapeutic options are still missing; this unmet need is further justified by the extreme molecular and clinical heterogeneity of this subtype of breast cancer and by the weak response to both single-agent and combined therapies. In March 2023

Management of Primary Plasma Cell Leukemia Remains Challenging Even in the Era of Novel Agents.

Primary plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is a rare and aggressive variant of multiple myeloma (MM). PCL is characterized by peripheral blood involvement by malignant plasma cells and an aggressive clinical course leading to poor survival. There is considerable overlap between MM and PCL with respect to clinical, immunophenotypic, and cytogenetic features, but circulating plasma cell count exceeding 20% of peripheral blood leukocytes or an absolute plasma cell count of >2000/mm3 distinguishes it from MM. After initial stabilization and diagnosis confirmation, treatment of PCL in a fit patient typical

Harnessing the potential of CAR-T cell therapy: progress, challenges, and future directions in hematological and solid tumor treatments.

Traditional cancer treatments use nonspecific drugs and monoclonal antibodies to target tumor cells. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, however, leverages the immune system's T-cells to recognize and attack tumor cells. T-cells are isolated from patients and modified to target tumor-associated antigens. CAR-T therapy has achieved FDA approval for treating blood cancers like B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, large B-cell lymphoma, and multiple myeloma by targeting CD-19 and B-cell maturation antigens. Bi-specific chimeric antigen receptors may contribute to mitigating tumor anti

Hydrogels-Assisted Cell Engraftment for Repairing the Stroke-Damaged Brain: Chimera or Reality.

The use of advanced biomaterials as a structural and functional support for stem cells-based therapeutic implants has boosted the development of tissue engineering applications in multiple clinical fields. In relation to neurological disorders, we are still far from the clinical reality of restoring normal brain function in neurodegenerative diseases and cerebrovascular disorders. Hydrogel polymers show unique mechanical stiffness properties in the range of living soft tissues such as nervous tissue. Furthermore, the use of these polymers drastically enhances the engraftment of stem cells as w

Utilization of Stem Cells in Medicine: A Narrative Review.

Regenerative medicine holds significant promise for addressing diseases and irreversible damage that are challenging to treat with conventional methods, making it a prominent research focus in modern medicine. Research on stem cells, a key area within regenerative medicine due to their self-renewal capabilities, is expanding, positioning them as a novel therapeutic option. Stem cells, utilized in various treatments, are categorized based on their differentiation potential and the source tissue. The term 'stem cell' encompasses a broad spectrum of cells, which can be derived from embryonic tiss