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Toxicity management strategies for next-generation novel therapeutics in multiple myeloma.

The therapeutic options available for patients with multiple myeloma have greatly expanded over the past decade and incorporating these novel agents into routine clinical practice has significantly improved outcomes. The next generation of therapeutics is available for relapsed and refractory patients either as standard of care or in clinical trial, and these drugs represent a generational paradigm shift. Patients now have access to a multitude of novel immunotherapeutics, including monoclonal antibodies, an antibody-drug conjugate, chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR-T), and bispecific T-c

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… Patients may continue mAb treatment alongside prophylaxis or preemptive therapy with either tenofovir or entecavir (not lamivudine due to low-resistance thresholds with this agent). 55 Monitoring and treatment of active hepatitis B disease requires consultation with a hepatologist to determine duration …

Toxicity Profile of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell and Bispecific Antibody Therapies in Multiple Myeloma: Pathogenesis, Prevention and Management.

Multiple myeloma is the second-most common hematologic malignancy in adults worldwide. Despite ongoing advancement in therapeutic modalities, it remains an incurable disease with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 50%. The recent development and introduction of anti-BCMA immunotherapies into clinical practice, including chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapies and bispecific antibodies, has radically shifted the treatment paradigm. However, despite the promising potential of these therapies for broader application, frequent and significant adverse effects have been reported, bot

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… Entecavir (or alternatively tenofovir) prophylaxis should be maintained for at least 6–12 months post-CAR T-cell infusion, or as long as the patient is on bsAbs (sometimes longer based on individualized factors). …

Targeting super enhancers for liver disease: a review.

BackgroundSuper enhancers (SEs) refer to the ultralong regions of a gene accompanied by multiple transcription factors and cofactors and strongly drive the expression of cell-type-related genes. Recent studies have demonstrated that SEs play crucial roles in regulating gene expression related to cell cycle progression and transcription. Aberrant activation of SEs is closely related to the occurrence and development of liver disease. Liver disease, especially liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), constitutes a major class of diseases that seriously endanger human health. Currently,

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… Tenofovir improves the outcome in patients with spontaneous reactivation of hepatitis B presenting as acute-on-chronic liver failure. Hepatology. 2011;53(3):774–780. doi: 10.1002/hep.24109. Gery et al. (2005) Gery S, Tanosaki S, Bose S, Bose N, Vadgama J, Koeffler HP. …

Natural and semisynthetic candidate molecules for COVID-19 prophylaxis and treatment.

Coronaviruses (CoVs) represent a family of viruses that have numerous animal hosts, and they cause severe respiratory, as well as systemic and enteric infections, in humans. Currently, there are limited antiviral strategies for treating patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The lack of specific antiviral medicines and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines continues to aggravate the situation. Natural product-based antiviral drugs have been used in the two previous CoV outbreaks: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and the first SARS-CoV. This re

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… viral access into the hosting cell [blocked by IFN, chloroquine (CQ), or umifenovir], the viral replication [blocked by darunavir/cobicistat or lopinavir/ritonavir, both inhibiting the 3C-like protease (3CL pro )] and the viral RNA synthesis (stopped by favipiravir, remdesivir, ribavirin, emtricitabine/tenofovir …

Anti-Infective-Associated AKI: A Narrative Review of the Epidemiology, Mechanisms, Risk Factors, Biomarkers, Clinical Course, Monitoring, Prevention, and Therapeutic Strategies.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs commonly in hospitalized patients, especially patients in intensive care units (ICUs). Medications are among the major causative factors of AKI. This narrative review addressed and updated different aspects of anti-infective-associated AKI, including amphotericin B, cidofovir, foscarnet, polymyxins, vancomycin, and aminoglycosides. There is no standard definition or operational criteria to describe anti-infective-associated AKI. Characteristically, it usually occurs during the first two weeks of treatment and is typically dose dependent. Functional resolution o

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… Risk Factors The kidney safety of cidofovir has not been evaluated extensively in patients receiving other known potentially nephrotoxic agents (e.g., tenofovir, aminoglycosides, AmB, foscarnet, intravenous pentamidine, adefovir, and vancomycin) [ 34 ]. … The co-administration of cidofovir with other nephrotoxic agents, especially tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, is contraindicated because of increasing the risk of Fanconi syndrome [ 34 ]. …

Viruses

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ESCP 36th European Symposium on Clinical Pharmacy ‘Implementing Clinical Pharmacy in Community and Hospital Settings: Sharing the Experience’, Istanbul, Turkey 25–27 October 2007; Abstracts

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… prophylaxis guidelines at a Belgian university hospital PT-240 Non-specific immunoglobulins for immune neonatal thrombopenia PT-262 Sildenafil use evaluation for pulmonary hypertension in paediatric patients PT-271 Treatment of an eye-disseminated invasive aspergillosis PT-273 Security and effectiveness of tenofovir …

The crosstalk between non-coding RNAs and oxidative stress in cancer progression.

As living standards elevate, cancers are appearing in growing numbers among younger individuals globally and these risks escalate with advancing years. One of the reasons is that instability in the cancer genome reduces the effectiveness of conventional drug treatments and chemotherapy, compared with more targeted therapies. Previous research has discovered non-coding RNAs' crucial role in shaping genetic networks involved in cancer cell growth and invasion through their influence on messenger RNA production or protein binding. Additionally, the interaction between non-coding RNAs and oxidativ

Epidemiology of infections in cancer patients.

Although major advances in the care of cancer patients over the past several decades have resulted in improved survival, infectious complications remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. To successfully identify, treat, and prevent infections, a comprehensive understanding of risk factors that predispose to infection and of commonly encountered pathogens is necessary. In addition, clinicians must keep abreast of the changing epidemiology of infections in this population. As therapeutic modalities continue to evolve, as established pathogens become increasingly drug resistant, and

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… Prophylactic agents such as lamivudine, adefovir, entecavir, or tenofovir should be started as early as possible before initiating immunosuppressive therapy in HBsAg positive patients. …

Lost in Translation (LiT): IUPHAR Review 6.

Translational medicine is a roller coaster with occasional brilliant successes and a large majority of failures. Lost in Translation 1 ('LiT1'), beginning in the 1950s, was a golden era built upon earlier advances in experimental physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology, with a dash of serendipity, that led to the discovery of many new drugs for serious illnesses. LiT2 saw the large-scale industrialization of drug discovery using high-throughput screens and assays based on affinity for the target molecule. The links between drug development and university sciences and medicine weakened, but t

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… A large number of transporter molecules have been identified and a number have been shown to have important effects on widely used drugs P‐gp (digoxin), BCRP (rosuvastatin), OATP1B1 or OATP1B3 (statins), OAT1 or OAT3 (methotrexate and tenofovir), and organic cation transporter OCT2 (metformin) (Food …

Abstracts of the 36th Annual Meeting of the Society of General Internal Medicine. April 24-27, 2013. Denver, Colorado, USA.

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Drug repurposing approach to fight COVID-19.

Currently, there are no treatment options available for the deadly contagious disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Drug repurposing is a process of identifying new uses for approved or investigational drugs and it is considered as a very effective strategy for drug discovery as it involves less time and cost to find a therapeutic agent in comparison to the de novo drug discovery process. The present review will focus on the repurposing efficacy of the currently used drugs against COVID-19 and their mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, dosing, safety, and their future perspective. R

COVID-19 Therapeutic Options Under Investigation.

Since its emergence in China in December 2019, COVID-19 has quickly spread around the globe causing a pandemic. Vaccination or the development of herd immunity seems the only way to slow down the spread of the virus; however, both are not achievable in the near future. Therefore, effective treatments to mitigate the burden of this pandemic and reduce mortality rates are urgently needed. Preclinical and clinical studies of potential antiviral and immunomodulatory compounds and molecules to identify safe and efficacious therapeutics for COVID-19 are ongoing. Two compounds, remdesivir, and dexame

Infections associated with immunotherapeutic and molecular targeted agents in hematology and oncology. A position paper by the European Conference on Infections in Leukemia (ECIL).

A multitude of new agents for the treatment of hematologic malignancies has been introduced over the past decade. Hematologists, infectious disease specialists, stem cell transplant experts, pulmonologists and radiologists have met within the framework of the European Conference on Infections in Leukemia (ECIL) to provide a critical state-of-the-art on infectious complications associated with immunotherapeutic and molecular targeted agents used in clinical routine. For brentuximab vedotin, blinatumomab, CTLA4- and PD-1/PD-L1-inhibitors as well as for ibrutinib, idelalisib, HDAC inhibitors, mTO

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… Entecavir and tenofovir are now preferred because of their lower viral resistance rates. …

62nd Annual Conference of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology, February 10th - 13th, 2022, Pune.

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Posttransplant complications: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions.

Posttransplantation complications pose a major challenge to the long-term survival and quality of life of organ transplant recipients. These complications encompass immune-mediated complications, infectious complications, metabolic complications, and malignancies, with each type influenced by various risk factors and pathological mechanisms. The molecular mechanisms underlying posttransplantation complications involve a complex interplay of immunological, metabolic, and oncogenic processes, including innate and adaptive immune activation, immunosuppressant side effects, and viral reactivation.

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… For viral infections, ganciclovir/valganciclovir for CMV, rituximab for EBV‐associated PTLD, and tenofovir or entecavir for HBV have shown promising results. 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 …

Infections in Recipients of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplants

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… Lamivudine, adefovir, and tenofovir are commonly used to suppress HBV replication (see Chapter 148). 49 A transplant from an HBV-infected donor can be used if no alternative donor is available or if the intended recipient is already seropositive. 50 HBV can be transmitted from an HBsAg-positive (or, …

Nuclear receptors in health and disease: signaling pathways, biological functions and pharmaceutical interventions.

Nuclear receptors (NRs) are a large family of ligand-dependent transcription factors that regulate the expression of a wide range of target genes in response to endogenous and exogenous ligands, including steroid hormones, thyroid hormone, vitamin D, retinoic acid, fatty acids, and oxidative steroids. Upon ligand binding, nuclear receptors form dimer complexes with transcriptional cofactors, which interact with specific DNA sequences in the promoter or enhancer regions of target genes to modulate gene expression. This process plays a crucial role in many physiological processes such as reprodu

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… Secondary Bile Acid Malabsorption; Chronic Diarrhea Obeticholic acid PHASE2 NCT04365933 COMPLETED (No Results Posted) Hepatitis B, Chronic EYP001a; Entecavir; Pegylated interferon alpha2a PHASE2 NCT04465916 TERMINATED (No Reason Posted) Hepatitis B, Chronic EYP001a; Placebo; Nucleotide analog (Entecavir or Tenofovir …

Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) clinical practice guideline on immune effector cell-related adverse events.

Immune effector cell (IEC) therapies offer durable and sustained remissions in significant numbers of patients with hematological cancers. While these unique immunotherapies have improved outcomes for pediatric and adult patients in a number of disease states, as 'living drugs,' their toxicity profiles, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), differ markedly from conventional cancer therapeutics. At the time of article preparation, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved tisagenlecleucel, axicabtagene ciloleuc

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… The other patient was adherent with antiretroviral therapy (bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide) with an undetectable HIV viral load and a CD4 count of 127 cells/mm 3 . …

61st Annual Conference of Indian Society of Gastroenterology, Virtual Diamond Jubilee ISGCON 2020, 19-20th December 2020.

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