Результаты поиска

The chippers, the quitters, and the highly symptomatic: A 12-month longitudinal study of DSM-5 opioid- and cocaine-use problems in a community sample.

BACKGROUND: Individual trajectories of drug use and drug-related problems are highly heterogeneous. There is no standard taxonomy of these trajectories, but one could be developed by defining natural categories based on changes in symptoms of substance-use disorders over time. METHODS: Our study was conducted in a community sample in Baltimore, Maryland. At baseline, all participants were using opioids and/or cocaine, but none were in treatment. Drug use and symptomatology were assessed again at 12 months (N = 115). RESULTS: We defined Quitters as participants who had not used for at least 3

Conditional Deletion of Hsd11b2 in the Brain Causes Salt Appetite and Hypertension.

BACKGROUND: The hypertensive syndrome of Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11βHSD2), allowing inappropriate activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor by endogenous glucocorticoid. Hypertension is attributed to sodium retention in the distal nephron, but 11βHSD2 is also expressed in the brain. However, the central contribution to Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess and other hypertensive states is often overlooked and is unresolved. We therefore used a Cre-Lox strategy to generate 11βHSD2 brai

Identification of cannabis use disorder using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) versus DSM-5-proxy measures: Differences by socio-demographic characteristics.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Cannabis use disorder (CUD) is a pressing public health concern in the United States, and understanding trends in preva … dentified CUD and/or CUD severity. Additionally identified CUD was most common among those meeting "craving" (25.0%), "withdrawal" (20.3%), and "spending time" (14.8%) criteria. CONCLUSIONS: The full Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) measure of cannabis use disorder (CUD) additionally identified CUD differential …

How structural and functional MRI can inform dual-site tACS parameters: A case study in a clinical population and its pragmatic implications.

BACKGROUND: Abnormalities in frontoparietal network (FPN) were observed in many neuropsychiatric diseases including substance use disorders. … connections were only found between frontal-parietal locations in the informed montage. Cue-induced craving score was correlated with frontoparietal connectivity only in the informed montage (r = -0.24). Stimulation intensity in the informed montage, and not in the classic HD montage, needs 40% reduction in the parietal site to reduce the disparity in EF …

Computational Markers of Risky Decision-making for Identification of Temporal Windows of Vulnerability to Opioid Use in a Real-world Clinical Setting.

IMPORTANCE: Opioid addiction is a major public health problem. Despite availability of evidence-based treatments, relapse and dropout are co … cipant's current tolerance of known risks and ambiguity (partially unknown risks). Current anxiety, craving, withdrawal, and nonadherence were assessed via interview and clinic records. Opioid use was ascertained from random urine toxicology tests and self-reports. RESULTS: Seventy patients (mean [SE] age, 44.7 [1.3] years; 12 women and 58 men [82.9% mal …

Patients help other patients: Qualitative study on a longstanding community cooperative to tackle leprosy in India.

BACKGROUND: Although leprosy is portrayed as a disappearing disease, leprosy affected persons in India are still suffering massively. Even f … ustainability of LFHC. The fundamental cause of the sustainability was the leprosy patients' strong craving for life with dignity, despite the isolation from the society. The desire resulted in a bottom-up formation of a 'consumer-provider cooperative', where patients mutually support each other with basic treatment learned from experience. The profits ea …

Neuroimaging and neuromodulation approaches to study eating behavior and prevent and treat eating disorders and obesity.

Functional, molecular and genetic neuroimaging has highlighted the existence of brain anomalies and neural vulnerability factors related to obesity and eating disorders such as binge eating or anorexia nervosa. In particular, decreased basal metabolism in the prefrontal cortex and striatum as well as dopaminergic alterations have been described in obese subjects, in parallel with increased activation of reward brain areas in response to palatable food cues. Elevated reward region responsivity may trigger food craving and predict future weight gain. This opens the way to prevention studies usin…

Naltrexone in drug addiction: significance in the prevention of relapse.

The primary aim of this study was to investigate significance of the naltrexone in the management of drug addiction. A total of 108 opiate d … r satisfaction during treatment including abstinent period. Most of them had not physical or mental craving for illicit drugs as before treatment and did not mention sleep disturbance or other mental troubles. They had normal food habit, increased appetite and taste preference in abstinent period. However, naltrexone could play important role in demand re …

Dopamine agonists for cocaine dependence.

BACKGROUND: Cocaine is a major drug of abuse. Cocaine dependence is a common and serious condition, which has become nowadays a substantial … iod of abstinence from the drug. During this phase the subjects may experience, besides the intense craving for cocaine, symptoms such as depression, fatigue, irritability, anorexia, and sleep disturbances. It was demonstrated that the acute use of cocaine may enhance dopamine transmission and chronically it decreases dopamine concentrations in the brain. …

Phentermine and fenfluramine. Preclinical studies in animal models of cocaine addiction.

Combined dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) releases such as phentermine (PHEN) and fenfluramine (FEN) are reported, in open label studies, to reduce craving for alcohol and cocaine and to prevent relapse. The objective of the studies reported here was to assess the actions of these agents alone and in combination in various animal models of drug addiction. Study 1. In vivo microdialysis experiments demonstrate that these agents preferentially release mesolimbic DA (PHEN) and 5-HT (FEN). Patients who relapse and use cocaine while taking these medications report diminished cocaine-lik…

Buprenorphine-Naloxone vs Extended-Release Naltrexone Following Opioid Withdrawal Treatment.

IMPORTANCE: Buprenorphine-naloxone and extended-release (XR) naltrexone are both efficacious medications for opioid use disorder that reduce unregulated opioid use and improve opioid cravings and treatment retention. While prior comparative effectiveness studies demonstrated superiority of buprenorphine-naloxone over XR naltrexone for relapse and treatment retention, the comparative effectiveness of both treatments for all-cause mortality and nonfatal opioid overdose outcomes has not been rigorously tested. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of buprenorphine-naloxone vs XR naltrexone aft…

Partial Meal Replacement for Weight Loss after Stroke: Results of a Pilot Clinical Trial.

INTRODUCTION: Over half of patients with acute ischemic stroke are overweight or obese as defined by a body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2. Prof … difficulty completing home monitoring of weight. In the PMR group, participants reported that food cravings and dislike for some food products were barriers to weight loss. CONCLUSION: A PMR diet after ischemic stroke is feasible, safe, and effective for weight loss. In future trials, in-person or improved remote outcome monitoring may reduce anthropome …

A Christian Faith-Based Facebook Intervention for Smoking Cessation in Rural Communities (FAITH-CORE): Protocol for a Community Participatory Development Study.

BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoking remains the leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in the United States, with significant rural-ur … Campaign. The content library will feature topics related to quitting smoking, such as coping with cravings and withdrawal and using EBCTs with faith-based message integration (eg, Bible quotes). A community advisory board and a community engagement studio will provide feedback to refine the content library. We will also conduct a beta test of the interv …

The Usefulness of a Smartphone App-Based Smoking Cessation Program for Conventional Cigarette Users, Heated Tobacco Product Users, and Dual Users: Retrospective Study.

BACKGROUND: Heated tobacco products (HTPs) are widespread in Japan, and smoking cessation of such products has become an important issue owi … r change, (3) a digital diary for record keeping, and (4) interactive chat sessions for relief from cravings or withdrawal symptoms. The primary outcome was the continuous abstinence rate (CAR) at weeks 21 to 24, biochemically validated using salivary cotinine testing. We considered those who dropped out of the program as smoking cessation failures. We an …

Mobile Health Technology Use and the Acceptability of an mHealth Platform for HIV Prevention Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Malaysia: Cross-sectional Respondent-Driven Sampling Survey.

BACKGROUND: The growth in mobile technology access, utilization, and services holds great promise in facilitating HIV prevention efforts thr … nitoring sexual activity (306/376, 81.4%) or illicit drug use (281/376, 74.7%), and monitoring drug cravings (280/376, 74.5%). Participants overwhelmingly preferred a smartphone app over other modalities (eg, text, phone call, email) for engaging in mHealth HIV prevention tools. Preference for app notifications ranged from 186/336 (53.9%), for receiving H …

[Aripiprazole, gambling disorder and compulsive sexuality].

INTRODUCTION: Aripiprazole, an atypical or second-generation antipsychotic, is usually well tolerated. It is an approved treatment for schiz … ed to a homosexual behavior with hypersexuality, unprotected sex and sadomasochistic practices. The craving for gambling and compulsive sexual behavior ceased two weeks after aripiprazole was discontinued and he was switched to amisulpride. Thereafter, he reported a return to a heterosexual orientation. DISCUSSION: Compulsive behaviors such as gambling, …

Optimizing an App-Based Just-in-Time Adaptive Intervention for Stimulant Use Among Sexual Minority Men Living with HIV: Protocol for a Community-Engaged Research Approach and Hybrid-Experimental Design.

BACKGROUND: In the United States, sexual minority men (SMM) are disproportionately affected by HIV. For this population, intersecting sexual … cifically, we piloted a 2×2 factorial design, randomizing 80 SUSMM-LWH to receive either (1) random craving prompts or (2) smartwatch integration or both or neither. Analyses will examine group differences on feasibility and acceptability outcomes, as measured by the System Usability Scale and Mobile App Rating Scale, as well as retention and engagement. …

[Auricular point sticking combined with transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation for smoking cessation：a randomized controlled trial].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical efficacy between auricular point sticking combined with transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (T … ks into treatment and in follow-up of 16 weeks after treatment, the withdrawal symptoms and smoking craving were evaluated by using Minnesota nicotine withdrawal scale (MNWS); the safety and compliance (dropped off rate and treatment completeness) were evaluated in the two groups. RESULTS: There was no statistical significance of the differences in the i …

Meta-analysis of the effects of exercise intervention on physical health in individuals undergoing compulsory isolation.

BACKGROUND: Physical health is the basic indicator to evaluate the health of drug addicts after the process of drug rehabilitation. In order … wever, this study acknowledges the limitation that psychological and neurocognitive outcomes (e.g., cravings, mood, executive function), which are crucial in addiction treatment, were not included in the eligibility criteria and systematic analysis. The follow-up research will combine physical and psychological indicators to conduct a comprehensive evalua …

Комплексный подход к проблеме употребления наркотиков в сексуальных целях (Хемсекс) 3-methylmethcathinone:: отчет о деле.

Практика химиката касается употребления наркотиков во время половой жизни. Во многих статьях содержится описание химикатов и рассматриваются риски, связанные с инфекциями, передаваемыми половым путем; вместе с тем лишь в немногих статьях рассматривается вопрос о формах зависимости химикса с точки зрения диагностических критериев, предрасполагающих факторов и рекомендуемых методов лечения. Наркотики, обычно используемые в химсексуальной практике, включают новые синтетические катиноны 3-methylmethcathinone и 4-methylmethcathinone. Знания о свойствах привыкания 3-methylmethcathinone и 4-methylmet

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… The patient described a craving for 3MMC in combination with sexual practices. He was looking for a specific sensation attained during the association of sexual behaviors and 3MMC. … He stated that this allowed him to stop craving for cathinones. Ninth month of therapy The patient continued showing signs of positive evolution, maintaining abstinence and thymic balance. …