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Anti-cancer mechanisms of action of therapeutic alternating electric fields (tumor treating fields [TTFields]).

Despite improved survival outcomes across many cancer types, the prognosis remains grim for certain solid organ cancers including glioblastoma and pancreatic cancer. Invariably in these cancers, the control achieved by time-limited interventions such as traditional surgical resection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy is short-lived. A new form of anti-cancer therapy called therapeutic alternating electric fields (AEFs) or tumor treating fields (TTFields) has been shown, either by itself or in combination with chemotherapy, to have anti-cancer effects that translate to improved survival outc

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… They found that the number of cells in the G2/M phase increased after 24 h, while there was a significant increase in the sub-G1 phase after 48 h of exposure ( Silginer et al., 2017 ). …

Benzyl isothiocyanate suppresses development of thyroid carcinoma by regulating both autophagy and apoptosis pathway.

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is the most aggressive type of thyroid cancer, characterized by rapid growth and invasion and poor prognosis. Due to its rarity and aggressive nature, ATC is a difficult condition to treat, thus knowledge of the mechanisms underlying its progression represents important research challenges. Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) is a natural compound that has shown promising anticancer properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antitumor effect of BITC in ATC, highlighting signaling pathways involved in BITC mechanism of action. This work included in vitro a

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… Our findings also revealed the ability of BITC to induce cell-cycle arrest through the downregulation of CDK2 and cyclin A, suggesting a role in blocking the transition from G1 phase to S phase, but also G2 phase (data shown in Figures 1 F and 1G). … phase to S phase, but also G2 phase. …

A novel dual HDAC and HSP90 inhibitor, MPT0G449, downregulates oncogenic pathways in human acute leukemia in vitro and in vivo.

Acute leukemia is a highly heterogeneous disease; therefore, combination therapy is commonly used for patient treatment. Drug-drug interaction is a major concern of combined therapy; hence, dual/multi-target inhibitors have become a dominant approach for cancer drug development. HDACs and HSP90 are involved in the activation of various oncogenic signaling pathways, including PI3K/AKT/mTOR, JAK/STAT, and RAF/MEK/ERK, which are also highly enriched in acute leukemia gene expression profiles. Therefore, we suggest that dual HDAC and HSP90 inhibitors could represent a novel therapeutic approach fo

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… HL-60 A and MOLT-4 B cells were treated with 0.1, 0.3, and 1 μM MPT0G449 for 48 hours, and the sub-G1 phase was detected by flow cytometry. … MPT0G449 contributed to cell cycle arrest at the G 2 phase and further accumulated cells in the sub-G1 phase under treatment. …

Targeting Oncoproteins for Molecular Cancer Therapy

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Mapping the function of MicroRNAs as a critical regulator of tumor-immune cell communication in breast cancer and potential treatment strategies.

Among women, breast cancer ranks as the most prevalent form of cancer, and the presence of metastases significantly reduces prognosis and diminishes overall survival rates. Gaining insights into the biological mechanisms governing the conversion of cancer cells, their subsequent spread to other areas of the body, and the immune system's monitoring of tumor growth will contribute to the advancement of more efficient and targeted therapies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in the interaction between tumor cells and immune cells, facilitating tumor cells' evasion of the immune system and p

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… It prompts the abnormal cells that can be found in breast to perform apoptosis and some of the malignant cells are arrested in G1 phase to prevent the further atypical replication of mutated DNA ( Ngabire et al., 2018 ). …

Modulating the JAK/STAT pathway with natural products: potential and challenges in cancer therapy.

The Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway is a critical signaling network governing cellular functions such as immune responses, proliferation, and apoptosis. Dysregulation of this pathway is strongly implicated in cancer progression. This review explores the therapeutic potential of natural products, including Curcumin, Resveratrol, Apigenin, and Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG), as modulators of the JAK/STAT pathway. These phytochemicals exhibit anticancer activity by inhibiting JAK/STAT phosphorylation, blocking STAT dimerization, and interfering wi

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… Curcumin dose-dependently reduced the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in the osteosarcoma cell line (MG-63) cell line and induced G0/G1 phase arrest. Curcumin produced apoptosis by inhibiting the phosphorylated JAK2/STAT3 pathway [ 41 ]. … Furthermore, emodin exhibited a synergistic impact by causing cell cycle arrest, specifically in the G1 phase, and inducing apoptosis when taken in conjunction with sorafenib. …

Targeting the E2F1/Rb/HDAC1 axis with the small molecule HR488B effectively inhibits colorectal cancer growth.

Colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most common cancer worldwide, remains highly lethal as the disease only becomes symptomatic at an advanced stage. Growing evidence suggests that histone deacetylases (HDACs), a group of epigenetic enzymes overexpressed in precancerous lesions of CRC, may represent promising molecular targets for CRC treatment. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) have gradually become powerful anti-cancer agents targeting epigenetic modulation and have been widely used in the clinical treatment of hematologic malignancies, while only few studies on the benefit of HDACis in

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… As expected, HR488B treatment significantly induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase in a dose-dependent manner both in HCT116 and HT29 cells (Fig. 4e, f ). … In addition, in the G1 phase, the CDK4-Cyclin D1 complex is known to phosphorylate and inactivate Rb protein [ 46 ]. …

Overview of systemic therapy options in liposarcoma, with a focus on the activity of selinexor, a selective inhibitor of nuclear export in dedifferentiated liposarcoma.

Liposarcoma (LPS) is a common soft tissue sarcoma that encompasses diverse subtypes of well-differentiated/dedifferentiated, myxoid/round cell, and pleomorphic LPS. There is heterogeneity among the various LPS types with regard to prognosis, molecular pathogenesis, and response to treatment. Well-differentiated (WDLPS) and dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) are most common types, which share common genetic alteration of chromosome 12q13-15 amplification resulting in amplification of oncogenes, including MDM2 (Mouse double minute 2), CDK4 (cyclin-dependent kinase 4), and HMGA2 (High mobility

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… A study confirmed that selinexor inhibited XPO1 at protein level and the reduction in XPO1 protein in LPS cells led to inhibition of cell proliferation via cell cycle arrest (increase in G1 phase while decrease in S and G2M phase) and apoptosis. 36 Studies in LPS cell lines with MDM2 amplification showed …

Potent molecular-targeted therapies for gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma.

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), which are characterized by neuroendocrine differentiation, can arise in various organs. NENs have been divided into well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) based on morphological differentiation, each of which has a distinct etiology, molecular profile, and clinicopathological features. While the majority of NECs originate in the pulmonary organs, extrapulmonary NECs occur most predominantly in the gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP) system. Although platinum-based chemotherapy is the main therapeut

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… In addition, treatment with a dual blockade of BRAF and MEK suppressed cell proliferation and tumor growth by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase in BRAF V600E -mutated colorectal NEC cell lines and xenograft models [ 87 ]. …

Marine-Derived Bisindoles for Potent Selective Cancer Drug Discovery and Development.

Marine-derived bisindoles exhibit structural diversity and exert anti-cancer influence through multiple mechanisms. Comprehensive research has shown that the development success rate of drugs derived from marine natural products is four times higher than that of other natural derivatives. Currently, there are 20 marine-derived drugs used in clinical practice, with 11 of them demonstrating anti-tumor effects. This article provides a thorough review of recent advancements in anti-tumor exploration involving 167 natural marine bisindole products and their derivatives. Not only has enzastaurin ent

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… After treating HepG2 cells with these compounds, cell cycle distribution studies showed concentration-dependent accumulation in the sub-G0/G1 phase, restricting living cells to the G2/M phase. … They also induced cell accumulation in the G0-G1 phase [ 39 ]. A team synthesized a new thiazole nortopsentin analog in which the naphthyl group partially replaced the original indole part and the other indole was replaced or retained by 7-azaindole. …

Polymorphisms in the promoter region of the CRBN gene as a predictive factor for the first-line CTD therapy in multiple myeloma patients.

Cereblon is a primary molecular target for immunomodulatory drugs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of selected clinical and molecular factors including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CRBN gene on the efficacy of first line CTD (cyclophosphamide, thalidomide, dexamethasone) chemotherapy in patients with multiple myeloma. Study group consisted of 68 patients. Analysis of CRBN gene SNPs (rs6768972, rs1672753) was performed using Real-Time PCR genotyping technique. Median progression free survival (PFS) was 15 months and overall survival (OS) 79 months. Factors assoc

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… It directly affects the neoplastic plasma cells, stopping the cells in G1 phase and causing apoptosis. Furthermore, it inhibits the processes of angiogenesis and adhesion of myeloma cells to the bone marrow stroma. …

Ведомые АПРЕЛЬ БКМА/ТАКИ двойные целевые лиганды-наркотики для селективной и мощной терапии множественной миеломы.

Антиген созревания клеток B (BCMA) в значительной степени проявляется в злокачественных плазменных клетках и является идеальной терапевтической целью в множестве миеломы (MM). Однако эффективность лечения, ориентированного на BCMA, часто ограничивается регулированием деградации антигенов и выходом из опухоли. В этой связи мы представляем информацию о разработке двухцелевого лиганда-наркотика (НРС), использующего подпитывающий распространение лиган (АПРИЛ), естественного лиганда как для BCMA, так и для трансмембранового активатора, а также кальция-модулятора и циклофилина лиганда (TACI). Такая

Clinical approaches to osteoporosis in patients with chronic kidney disease: A comprehensive review.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) induces secondary osteoporosis, characterized by an imbalance between bone formation and resorption due to kidney dysfunction; the result is a reduction in both bone mineral density and quality. This condition is compounded by disruption of bone metabolic turnover, abnormalities in bone microstructure and collagen cross-linking, and compromised bone quality, all of which contribute to increased bone fragility. Reduced kidney function is complicated by secondary hyperparathyroidism, which exacerbates bone fragility. Managing osteoporosis in patients with CKD is chal

Statins: a repurposed drug to fight cancer.

As competitive HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) inhibitors, statins not only reduce cholesterol and improve cardiovascular risk, but also exhibit pleiotropic effects that are independent of their lipid-lowering effects. Among them, the anti-cancer properties of statins have attracted much attention and indicated the potential of statins as repurposed drugs for the treatment of cancer. A large number of clinical and epidemiological studies have described the anticancer properties of statins, but the evidence for anticancer effectiveness of statins is inconsistent. It may be that certain molecular subt

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… phase cell cycle arrest in bile duct cancer cells. … In prostate cancer, lovastatin and simvastatin inactivate RhoA, thereby inducing cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase [ 90 ].In ovarian cancer, statins promote cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner via a GGPP-mediated mechanism [ 175 ]. …

The efficacy and applicability of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell-based regimens for primary bone tumors: A comprehensive review of current evidence.

Primary bone tumors (PBT), although rare, could pose significant mortality and morbidity risks due to their high incidence of lung metastasis. Survival rates of patients with PBTs may vary based on the tumor type, therapeutic interventions, and the time of diagnosis. Despite advances in the management of patients with these tumors over the past four decades, the survival rates seem not to have improved significantly, implicating the need for novel therapeutic interventions. Surgical resection with wide margins, radiotherapy, and systemic chemotherapy are the main lines of treatment for PBTs. N

From laboratory to clinic: opportunities and challenges of functional food active ingredients in cancer therapy.

This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the potential of functional food active ingredients in cancer prevention and therapy. It outlines the multifaceted anticancer mechanisms of bioactive compounds-such as polyphenols, carotenoids, omega-3 fatty acids, phytosterols, alkaloids, isothiocyanates, polysaccharides, phenolic acids, flavonols, and amide-bearing compounds-which include antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, induction of apoptosis and autophagy, modulation of the tumor microenvironment, interference with cell cycle regulation and signaling pathways, and regulation of

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… For example, fucoxanthin was found to induce a G0/G1 phase block in cancer cells while upregulating GADD45α, a DNA repair gene regulated by p53, which helps maintain genomic stability and reduce cancer risk ( 44 ). … phase, among others ( 86 , 87 ). …

Applications of Curcumin and Its Nanoforms in the Treatment of Cancer.

Due to the diverse medicinal and pharmacokinetic properties of turmeric, it is well-known in the therapeutic, pharmaceutic, nutraceutical, cosmetic, and dietary industries. It gained importance due to its multitude of properties, such as wound-healing, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, cytoprotective, anti-aging, anti-cancer, and immunomodulatory effects. Even though the natural healing effect of turmeric has been known to Indians as early as 2500 BCE, the global demand for turmeric has increased only recently. A major reason for the beneficiary activities of turmeric is the pre

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… Cells treated with curcumin conjugated with Dox revealed the up-regulation of tumor suppressive gene RB1, and the down-regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) confirmed cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase [ 20 ]. …

Ginkgolic Acid C 17:1, Derived from Ginkgo biloba Leaves, Suppresses Constitutive and Inducible STAT3 Activation through Induction of PTEN and SHP-1 Tyrosine Phosphatase.

Ginkgolic acid C 17:1 (GAC 17:1) extracted from Ginkgo biloba leaves, has been previously reported to exhibit diverse antitumor effect(s) through modulation of several molecular targets in tumor cells, however the detailed mechanism(s) of its actions still remains to be elucidated. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is an oncogenic transcription factor that regulates various critical functions involved in progression of diverse hematological malignancies, including multiple myeloma, therefore attenuating STAT3 activation may have a potential in cancer therapy. We determ

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… GAC 17:1 Caused the Accumulation of the Cells in the Sub-G1 Phase of the Cell Cycle, and Increased Annexin V Positive Cells Because suppression of aberrantly activated STAT3 could lead to apoptosis [ 41 , 42 ], we determined whether GAC 17:1 could also induce apoptosis using cell cycle analysis. … This result indicated that the inhibition of Cyclin D1 expression by GAC 17:1 may be associated with its ability to induce accumulation of the cells in sub-G1 phase [ 54 ]. We also observed that Annexin V positive cells are clearly increased in GAC 17:1-treated cells in a dose-dependent manner. …

Выявляется стабильная устойчивая донора диких голубей для многих доминирующих видов брухидов в Индии.

Выявление стабильных и устойчивых источников представляет собой экологически благоприятную и устойчивую стратегию борьбы с насекомыми. Sixty-eight Присоединения диких голубей систематически проверялись three Преобладающие виды брухидов (Callosobruchus analis, C. chinensis, C. maculatus) с использованием высокопроизводительного скринингового трубопровода в Канпуре, Индия, 2021 в адрес 2024. Классификация устойчивости основывается на повреждении семян и индексе уязвимости. Four Присоединения к ринкосии брактета неизменно демонстрировали конвергентное и полное сопротивление в отношении различных

Cachexia as Evidence of the Mechanisms of Resistance and Tolerance during the Evolution of Cancer Disease.

During its evolution, cancer induces changes in patients' energy metabolism that strongly affect the overall clinical state and are responsible for cancer-related cachexia syndrome. To better understand the mechanisms underlying cachexia and its metabolic derangements, research efforts should focus on the events that are driven by the immune system activation during the evolution of neoplastic disease and on the phenomena of "resistance" and "tolerance" typically involved in the human body response against stress, pathogens, or cancer. Indeed, in the case where resistance is not able to elimin