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Comparative effectiveness of extended-release naltrexone versus buprenorphine-naloxone for opioid relapse prevention (X:BOT): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX), an opioid antagonist, and sublingual buprenorphine-naloxone (BUP-NX), a partial opioid ago … ation, but were similar across study groups among the per-protocol population. Self-reported opioid craving was initially less with XR-NTX than with BUP-NX (p=0·0012), then converged by week 24 (p=0·20). With the exception of mild-to-moderate XR-NTX injection site reactions, treatment-emergent adverse events including overdose did not differ between treat …

Evaluating the Impact of Pharmacotherapy in Augmenting Quit Rates Among Hispanic Adults in an App-Delivered Smoking Cessation Intervention: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Hispanic adults receive less advice to quit smoking and use fewer evidence-based smoking cessation treatments compared to their … id smoking cessation with a smartphone app-based behavioral intervention that teaches acceptance of cravings to smoke (iCanQuit) shows promise in improving quit rates among Hispanic adults. However, this combined approach was not effective with the US clinical guideline-based app (QuitGuide). TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02724462; https://cl …

Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Barriers, Facilitators and Unmet Need Among Rural People Who Inject Drugs: A Qualitative Examination of Syringe Service Program Client Perspectives.

BACKGROUND: People who inject drugs (PWID) are at high risk for HIV infection, yet in rural areas PWID are understudied with respect to prev … nal risks related to substance use disorder, particularly in the context of withdrawal symptoms and craving, often lead to heightened HIV injection and sexual risk behaviors. Stigma related to substance use and HIV arose as a concern for PrEP uptake, with several participants reflecting that privacy issues would impact their preferences for education, pre …

Оценка и лечение агрессивного сексуального поведения: нынешние ограничения и потенциальные стратегии.

Несмотря на то, что в МКБ-11 была введена соответствующая классификация и симптоматика расстройства сексуального поведения (CSBD) по-прежнему противоречива. В этом обзоре мы изучили историю, эпидемиологический статус-кво, коморбиды, теории нейрофизики, текущие диагнозы и рекомендации по лечению для CSBD. Кроме того, мы подчеркнули недостатки текущих исследований и перспективы будущей работы. Селективные ингибиторы серотонина и налтрексон обычно используются в качестве "немаркированных" наркотиков. Диагностика и лечение пациентов, проходящих курс лечения, должны включать в себя биологические, п

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… In the context of CSB, intense and repetitive sexual fantasies, urges/cravings, or behaviors may escalate over time and have been associated with health, psychosocial, and interpersonal impairments. … According to the “salience incentive theory of addiction” ( 40 ), this neural activity is more about craving (“wanting”) for hedonic stimuli rather than the enjoyment or pleasure (“liking”) itself. …

Medical therapy to treat obesity and optimize fertility in women of reproductive age: a narrative review.

BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity-chronic illnesses in which an increase in body fat promotes adipose tissue dysfunction and abnormal fat m … (naltrexone/bupropion), Qsymia (phentermine/Topamax), and Xenical (orlistat). GLP1-RAs reduce food cravings, appetite, and "food noise" and improve insulin sensitivity and satiety, all of which lead to significant weight loss, ranging from 6 to 30% of starting total body weight or greater, depending on the specific agent used. Their efficacy and relative …

Buprenorphine use and disparities in access among emergency department patients with opioid use disorder: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Buprenorphine, a partial mu-opioid agonist and kappa-opioid antagonist, is an approved treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD). Studies demonstrate that buprenorphine decreases cravings for other opioids, effectively ameliorates withdrawal symptoms, and decreases opioid overdose and mortality. However, buprenorphine remains under-utilized. Despite its low potential for misuse, research has reported wide use of non-prescribed buprenorphine, seemingly for its effectiveness in treating withdrawal and helping to maintain sobriety. We designed our study to describe patient experiences w…

Efficacy and safety of a monthly buprenorphine depot injection for opioid use disorder: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.

BACKGROUND: RBP-6000, referred to as BUP-XR (extended-release buprenorphine), is a subcutaneously injected, monthly buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder. BUP-XR provides sustained buprenorphine plasma concentrations to block drug-liking of abused opioids over the entire monthly dosing period, while controlling withdrawal and craving symptoms. Administration of BUP-XR in a health-care setting also mitigates abuse, misuse, diversion, and unintentional exposure. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of different BUP-XR dosing regimens in participants with opioid use disorder. METHODS: …

Карта знаний транскраниальной магнитной стимуляции бессонницы: библиометрический и визуальный анализ.

Бессонница - это one :: наиболее распространенные нарушения сна, серьезно сказывающиеся на физическом и психическом здоровье человека, снижающие эффективность и бдительность работы и потенциально даже приводящие к несчастным случаям, усугубляющие тем самым экономическое бремя как отдельных лиц, так и общества. Первичное лечение бессонницы включает фармакологическую и нефармакологическую терапию. С учетом потенциальных побочных эффектов, связанных с фармакологической терапией, существует настоятельная необходимость в применении безопасных и эффективных нефармакологических мер. Такие технологии,

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… Cluster ID | Size | Silhouette | Mean (year) | Label (LLR) | Label (MI) 0 | 31 | 0.802 | 2022 | Multiple external therapy | Cue-induced craving (2.44) 1 | 25 | 0.748 | 2022 | Major depressive disorder | Cue-induced craving (1.03) 3 | 14 | 0.929 | 2022 | Combined treatment | Cue-induced craving (0.32) … 4 | 13 | 0.904 | 2022 | Circuitry mechanism | Cue-induced craving (0.09) 5 | 12 | 0.922 | 2021 | Different frequency | Cue-induced craving (0.2) 6 | 9 | 0.991 | 2020 | Cognitive function | Cue-induced craving (0.33) 8 | 9 | 0.992 | 2023 | Fear memory extinction | Cue-induced craving (0.23) 18 | 6 | …

Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement Restructures Reward Processing and Promotes Interoceptive Awareness in Overweight Cancer Survivors: Mechanistic Results From a Stage 1 Randomized Controlled Trial.

IntroductionThe primary aims of this Stage I pilot randomized controlled trial were to establish the feasibility of integrating exercise and nutrition counseling with Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE), a novel intervention that unites training in mindfulness, reappraisal, and savoring skills to target mechanisms underpinning appetitive dysregulation a pathogenic process that contributes to obesity among cancer survivors; to identify potential therapeutic mechanisms of the MORE intervention; and to obtain effect sizes to power a subsequent Stage II trial.MethodsFemale overweight

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… In these three prior studies, increased physiological indices of natural reward processing were associated with decreases in craving and/or consumption of addictive substances. … Furthermore, the ability to self-regulate by mindfully attending to body sensations might provide a means of coping with food craving. …

[Psychotropic drugs induced weight gain: a review of the literature concerning epidemiological data, mechanisms and management].

Weight gain is associated with the use of many psychotropic medications, including antidepressants, mood stabilizers, antipsychotic drugs, a … ting energy balance; patients report about: increase of appetite for sweet and fatty foods or "food craving" (antidepressants, mood stabilizers, antipsychotic drugs) and weight gain despite reduced appetite which can be explained by an altered resting metabolic rate (TCA, SSRI, Monoaminoxidase Inhibitors MAO I). According to current concepts, appetite and …

Sex- and Gender-Related Differences in Obesity: From Pathophysiological Mechanisms to Clinical Implications.

Obesity, primarily characterized by excessive fat accumulation, is a multifactorial chronic disease with an increasing global prevalence. Despite the well-documented epidemiology and significant advances in understanding its pathophysiology and clinical implications, the impact of sex is typically overlooked in obesity research. Worldwide, women have a higher likelihood to become obese compared to men. Although women are offered weight loss interventions more often and at earlier stages than men, they are more vulnerable to psychopathology. Men, on the other hand, are less likely to pursue wei

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… Furthermore, studies show that females compared to males experience stronger tonic and trait food cravings overall [ 93 , 94 , 95 ] and may be less successful in regulating and suppressing cue-induced food cravings [ 96 , 97 ]. … Relationship of gender and eating disorder symptoms to reported cravings for food: Construct validation of state and trait craving questionnaires in Spanish. Appetite. 2003;40:47–54. doi: 10.1016/S0195-6663(02)00145-9. 95. …

Миноциклин как лечение психиатрических и неврологических заболеваний: систематический анализ и мета-анализ.

Миноциклин обладает антивоспалительными, антиоксидантами и антиапопотическими свойствами, которые объясняют возобновленный интерес к его использованию в качестве абстрагирующего средства для лечения психических и неврологических заболеваний. После завершения нескольких новых клинических испытаний с использованием микроциклина мы предложили провести обновленный систематический обзор и метаанализ имеющихся данных. Для поиска была использована система ПИКО (клиент/население, вмешательство, сопоставление и результаты) 5 :: базы данных с целью выявления случайных контролируемых испытаний, в ходе ко

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… Substance Use The meta-analysis did not suggest a significant effect of minocycline in any of the outcomes assessed including cognitive function (SMD = −0.26 [−0.82, 0.30]) and craving (SMD = −0.38 [−1.46, 0.71]) ( Figure 5 ). … The authors report that minocycline treatment was associated with a more accurate performance on the Go/No-go task (measuring impulsivity), but had no effect on pain threshold and tolerance, withdrawal, or craving. …

Childhood obesity, sugar, and Early Childhood Caries: the sweet trap.

What drives our irresistible attraction to foods like chocolate, fries, or a warm apple pie? Sugar intake triggers the brain's dopamine system, creating a sense of reward that unconsciously conditions a preference for foods that satisfy cravings. Over time, this weakens attraction to healthier, low-fat and low-sugar foods. This response shares characteristics with addiction, sparking the concept of "food addiction." For early humans, this reward-driven behaviour was advantageous, motivating them to seek high-calorie foods essential for survival when food was scarce. Today, however, it fuels a …

Slow-release oral morphine as maintenance therapy for opioid dependence.

BACKGROUND: Opioid substitution treatments are effective in retaining people in treatment and suppressing heroin use. An open question remai … ed by a proportion of participants (seven of nine people in one study). Morphine appeared to reduce cravings, depressive symptoms (measured using the Beck Depression Inventory; P value < 0.001), physical complaints (measured using the Beschwerde-Liste (BL); P value < 0.001) and anxiety symptoms (P value = 0.008). Quality of life in people treated with SRO …

The efficacy and safety of cannabinoids for the treatment of mental disorders and substance use disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Mental disorders and substance use disorders (SUDs) are among the leading reasons for which the medical use of cannabinoids has … ·66 to -0·07) among those with autism spectrum disorder. Cannabinoids led to an increase in cocaine craving among those with cocaine use disorder (0·69, 0·22 to 1·15) compared with placebo. There were no significant effects on outcomes associated with anxiety, anorexia nervosa, psychotic disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, and opioid use disorder. …

The Fish Oil to Reduce Tobacco Use iN Expectant mothers (FORTUNE) feasibility trial.

BACKGROUND: Three small clinical trials have suggested that supplementation with n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) found in fish oils may reduce nicotine cravings and at higher doses reduce cigarette consumption. Pregnant women who smoke have fewer pharmacologic options to aid them with smoking cessation. Although n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation has been studied in pregnancy, few studies have evaluated doses of ≥4 g per day, and no previous studies have selectively enrolled pregnant women who smoke. High-dose n…

Role of nucleus accumbens glutamatergic plasticity in drug addiction.

Substance dependence is characterized by a group of symptoms, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Ed … )-permeable AMPA receptors (CP-AMPARs) at the level of the NAc. Antagonism of the CP-AMPARs reduces cravings. It is necessary to pursue further exploration of the AMPA receptor subunit composition and variations at the level of the NAc for a better understanding of glutamatergic plastic changes. It is known that cocaine and morphine are able to induce cha …

2024 Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Pharmacologic Treatment of Overweight and Obesity by the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity.

The Korean Society for the Study of Obesity has published the 9th edition of its Clinical Practice Guidelines to provide updated, evidence-based recommendations for the management of overweight and obesity. Developed through a structured process of systematic literature review and expert consensus, these guidelines incorporate recent clinical evidence for obesity management. Key clinical questions were formulated using the Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome framework and addressed through comprehensive evaluations of randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, systematic revie

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… Phentermine stimulates norepinephrine signaling, promoting satiety and increasing energy expenditure, 50 whereas topiramate enhances GABA signaling and suppresses agouti-related protein/neuropeptide Y neurons, thereby reducing appetite and cravings. … Effects of liraglutide and behavioral weight loss on food cravings, eating behaviors, and eating disorder psychopathology. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019;27:2005–10. doi: 10.1002/oby.22653. 59. Friedrichsen M, Breitschaft A, Tadayon S, Wizert A, Skovgaard D. …

Полуструктурированный клинический интервью для оценки компульсивного сексуального поведения (SSCI-CSB): Развитие, надежность и валидность.

Цели Оценка компульсивного сексуального поведения (КСП) требует тонких подходов к оценке, идеально через клинические интервью. Однако ни одно из нескольких доступных клинических интервью для КСП не продемонстрировало сильные психометрические свойства. Чтобы решить эту проблему, мы разработали Semi-Structured Clinical Interview for the assessment of CSB (SSCI-CSB), интервью, которое собирает информацию о проявлениях, симптомах и клиническом течении КСП. Цель этого исследования состояла в том, чтобы проанализировать его надежность и обоснованность в выборке пациентов, нуждающихся в лечении некон

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… Craving (i.e., strong desire or urge to engage in the problematic sexual behavior) □ □ √ √ Cycle of addiction Criterion 14. Increasing sense of tension and arousal immediately prior to initiating the problematic sexual behavior (anticipation of pleasure). □ □ □ √ Criterion 15. … up or limiting important activities) 38.8% (33) Criterion 8 (neglect obligations) 23.5% (20) Criterion 9 (coping with dysphoric mood states) 56.5% (48) Criterion 10 (coping with stressful life events) 44.7% (38) Criterion 11 (tolerance) 52.9% (45) Criterion 12 (abstinence) 35.3% (30) Criterion 13 (craving …

Exploration and Development of PPAR Modulators in Health and Disease: An Update of Clinical Evidence.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors that govern the expression of genes responsible for energy metabolism, cellular development, and differentiation. Their crucial biological roles dictate the significance of PPAR-targeting synthetic ligands in medical research and drug discovery. Clinical implications of PPAR agonists span across a wide range of health conditions, including metabolic diseases, chronic inflammatory diseases, infections, autoimmune diseases, neurological and psychiatric disorders, and malignancies. In this review we aim to consolidate exist

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… Likewise, pioglitazone was found to reduce nicotine craving in heavy smokers [ 247 ]. The ameliorative effect of pioglitazone on craving intensity has also been reported in a Phase I/II clinical trial on cocaine abuse [ 248 ]. … measurements | [ 246 ] PPARγ | Pioglitazone | I/II (42) | ▪ Increased indicators of abuse potential ▪ Reduced measures of craving | [ 247 ] Cocaine dependence | PPARγ | Pioglitazone | I/II (30) | ▪ Reducing cocaine craving ▪ Improved fractional anisotropy values of white matter integrity | [ 248 ] Opioid …