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Role of denosumab in the management of skeletal complications in patients with bone metastases from solid tumors.

Skeletal-related events (SREs) including pain, fractures, and hypercalcemia are a major source of morbidity for cancer patients with bone metastases. The receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) is a key mediator of osteoclast formation and activity in normal bone physiology as well as cancer-induced bone resorption. The first commercially available drug that specifically targets and inhibits the RANKL pathway is denosumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody that binds and neutralizes RANKL, thereby inhibiting osteoclast function. In this review, we summarize the major studies leading to the

Quantification of vertebral involvement in metastatic spinal disease.

IntroductionFor patients with a solitary and well-delimitated spinal metastasis that resides inside the vertebral body, without vertebral canal invasion, and who are in good general health with a long life expectancy, en bloc spondylectomy/total vertebrectomy combined with the use of primary stabilizing instrumentation has been advocated. However, clinical experience suggests that these qualifying conditions occur very rarely.ObjectiveThe purpose of this paper is to quantify the distribution of vertebral involvement in spinal metastases and determine the frequency with which patients can be co

Prospects and Challenges of Lung Cancer Vaccines.

Lung cancer remains one of the most prevalent and lethal malignancies worldwide. Although conventional treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy have modestly improved patient survival, their overall efficacy remains limited, and the prognosis is generally poor. In recent years, immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors, has revolutionized cancer treatment. Nevertheless, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, tumor heterogeneity, and immune escape mechanisms significantly restrict the clinical benefit, which falls short of expectations. Within this contex

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… TG4010 was well tolerated, with the most frequent adverse events being mild to moderate injection site reactions, flu-like symptoms, and fatigue [ 99 ]. Ongoing trials are currently investigating the combination of TG4010 with immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced lung cancer ( NCT02823990 ). …

Резюме МКАРЕ 2023 77th Национальный конгресс " СИААРТИ "

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ISEV2018 абстрактная книга

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The Relevance of Mass Spectrometry Analysis for Personalized Medicine through Its Successful Application in Cancer "Omics".

Mass spectrometry (MS) is an essential analytical technology on which the emerging omics domains; such as genomics; transcriptomics; proteomics and metabolomics; are based. This quantifiable technique allows for the identification of thousands of proteins from cell culture; bodily fluids or tissue using either global or targeted strategies; or detection of biologically active metabolites in ultra amounts. The routine performance of MS technology in the oncological field provides a better understanding of human diseases in terms of pathophysiology; prevention; diagnosis and treatment; as well a

Surgical techniques for patients with cancer-related neuropathic pain.

In this manuscript, we discuss the use of neuromodulatory techniques such as intrathecal therapy (IT) and spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for cancer pain in neuro-oncology patients. Currently, cancer pain management relies on oral opioids, which have a number of systemic side effects particularly in a chronic setting. An escalation of pain therapy for pain relief, such as neuromodulation, is necessary to improve neuro-oncology patients' quality of life. The paper highlights the need for more comprehensive pain management for patients during and after receiving cancer therapies. IT allows analges

Current Advances of Nanomedicines Delivering Arsenic Trioxide for Enhanced Tumor Therapy.

Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is one of the first-line chemotherapeutic drugs for acute promyelocytic leukemia. Its anti-cancer activities against various human neoplastic diseases have been extensively studied. However, the clinical use of ATO for solid tumors is limited, and these limitations are because of severe systemic toxicity, low bioavailability, and quick renal elimination before it reaches the target site. Although without much success, several efforts have been made to boost ATO bioavailability toward solid tumors without raising its dose. It has been found that nanomedicines have various

Boron Chemicals in Drug Discovery and Development: Synthesis and Medicinal Perspective.

A standard goal of medicinal chemists has been to discover efficient and potent drug candidates with specific enzyme-inhibitor abilities. In this regard, boron-based bioactive compounds have provided amphiphilic properties to facilitate interaction with protein targets. Indeed, the spectrum of boron-based entities as drug candidates against many diseases has grown tremendously since the first clinically tested boron-based drug, Velcade. In this review, we collectively represent the current boron-containing drug candidates, boron-containing retinoids, benzoxaboroles, aminoboronic acid, carboran

Genetic and Mechanistic Insights Inform Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Treatment and Symptomatic Management: Current and Emerging Therapeutics and Clinical Trial Design Considerations.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting both upper and lower motor neurons. ALS is classically characterized by painless progressive weakness, causing impaired function of limbs, speech, swallowing, and respiratory function. The disease is fatal within 2-4 years, often the result of respiratory failure. The pathologic hallmark for a majority of ALS cases is aberrant cytoplasmic accumulations of the nuclear protein TAR-DNA binding protein (TDP-43). A total of 10-15% of ALS can be attributed to a single gene mutation, known as genetic or "familia

Артериальный тромбоэмболизм

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Advances in improving cancer immunotherapy with nanotechnology: from smart nanoparticles to synergistic combination strategies.

Cancer immunotherapy has substantially advanced cancer treatment, achieving durable responses in select malignancies. However, its widespread application is limited by significant challenges: low efficacy in many solid tumors, severe side effects, and immune evasion facilitated by the tumor microenvironment (TME). Nanotechnology offers a promising approach to address these obstacles. By employing nanoparticles (NPs), we can precisely deliver therapeutics to tumor sites, ensure controlled release to minimize side effects, and amplify the immune response, thereby substantially boosting the effec

Advances in Radionuclides and Radiolabelled Peptides for Cancer Therapeutics.

Radiopharmaceutical therapy, which can detect and treat tumours simultaneously, was introduced more than 80 years ago, and it has changed medical strategies with respect to cancer. Many radioactive radionuclides have been developed, and functional, molecularly modified radiolabelled peptides have been used to produce biomolecules and therapeutics that are vastly utilised in the field of radio medicine. Since the 1990s, they have smoothly transitioned into clinical application, and as of today, a wide variety of radiolabelled radionuclide derivatives have been examined and evaluated in various

Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Basic Biology and Immuno-Oncolytic Viruses.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most lethal subtype of breast cancer. TNBC diagnoses account for approximately one-fifth of all breast cancer cases globally. The lack of receptors for estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER-2, CD340) results in a lack of available molecular-based therapeutics. This increases the difficulty of treatment and leaves more traditional as well as toxic therapies as the only available standards of care in many cases. Recurrence is an additional serious problem, contributing substantially to its higher mortality rate as compared to

Novel Molecular Targets for Immune Surveillance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common and aggressive cancer with a high mortality rate. The incidence of HCC is increasing worldwide, and the lack of effective screening programs often results in delayed diagnosis, making it a challenging disease to manage. Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment option for different kinds of cancers, with the potential to stimulate the immune system to target cancer cells. However, the current immunotherapeutic approaches for HCC have shown limited efficacy. Since HCC arises within a complex tumour microenvironment (TME) characterized by the p

Eternal Youth: A Comprehensive Exploration of Gene, Cellular, and Pharmacological Anti-Aging Strategies.

The improvement of human living conditions has led to an increase in average life expectancy, creating a new social and medical problem-aging, which diminishes the overall quality of human life. The aging process of the body begins with the activation of effector signaling pathways of aging in cells, resulting in the loss of their normal functions and deleterious effects on the microenvironment. This, in turn, leads to chronic inflammation and similar transformations in neighboring cells. The cumulative retention of these senescent cells over a prolonged period results in the deterioration of

Ready for Repair? Gene Editing Enters the Clinic for the Treatment of Human Disease.

We present an overview of clinical trials involving gene editing using clustered interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), or zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and discuss the underlying mechanisms. In cancer immunotherapy, gene editing is applied ex vivo in T cells, transgenic T cell receptor (tTCR)-T cells, or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells to improve adoptive cell therapy for multiple cancer types. This involves knockouts of immune checkpoint regulators such as PD-1, components of the endo

Deubiquitinase USP9X deubiquitinates β-catenin and promotes high grade glioma cell growth.

β-catenin is a crucial signal transduction molecule in the Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway, and increased β-catenin expression has consistently been found in high grade gliomas. However, the mechanisms responsible for β-catenin overexpression have remained elusive.Here we show that the deubiquitinase USP9X stabilizes β-catenin and thereby promotes high grade glioma cell growth. USP9X binds β-catenin and removes the Lys 48-linked polyubiquitin chains that normally mark β-catenin for proteasomal degradation. Increased USP9X expression correlates with increased β-catenin protein in high grade glioma

Recent Advances in the Development and Utilization of Nanoparticles for the Management of Malignant Solid Tumors.

The purpose of nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems or novel drug delivery systems is to improve the effectiveness of therapy, and their promising properties have led to their increasing significance in the management of cancer. The researchers have primarily focused on designing novel nanocarriers, like nanoparticles (NPs), that can effectively deliver drugs to target cells and respond specifically to conditions particular to cancer. Whether passive or active targeting, these nanocarriers can deliver therapeutic cargoes to the tumor site to release the drug from the drug delivery system

Терапевтический потенциал зубных мезенхимальных стволовых клеток в сравнении с мезенхимальными стволовыми клетками из других источников: систематический обзор исследований животных.

ЦЕНТРАЛЬНАЯ терапия на основе стволовых клеток, являющаяся одной из важнейших областей регенеративной медицины, направлена на совершенствование механизмов ремонта тела (d) путем стимулирования, модуляции и регулирования внутренних стволовых клеток или пополнения пулов клеток, способствуя тем самым развитию гомеостаза и регенерации тканей и предлагая перспективное лечение многочисленных системных заболеваний. В настоящем систематическом обзоре содержится всеобъемлющее резюме исследований животных, в ходе которых изучается эффективность зубоврачебных мезенхимальных стволовых клеток (НКЦ) в лечен