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Depression and eating disorders.

Both depressive disorders and eating disorders are multidimensional and heterogeneous disorders. This paper examines the nature of their relationship by reviewing clinical descriptive, family-genetic, treatment, and biological studies that relate to the issue. The studies confirm the prominence of depressive symptoms and depressive disorders in eating disorders. Other psychiatric syndromes which occur with less frequency, such as anxiety disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorders in anorexia nervosa, or personality disorders, anxiety disorders, and substance abuse in bulimia nervosa, also pl…

The epidemiology of depressive disorders.

The Zürich cohort study of a community sample identified, up to age 35, a lifetime prevalence rate for DSM mania/hypomania of 5.5%, half of these cases also met the criteria for major depressive episodes. The lifetime prevalence rates obtained for major depressive disorder were 17.85% and the rate for all depressive subgroups including dysthymia, minor depression, recurrent brief depression and major depression was 35.4%. Data on the validity of the diagnostic subgroups suggest that these high prevalence rates are based on clinically relevant case definitions.

Higher depressive symptoms are associated with lower eating competence among patients with moderate to severe depressive disorder.

BACKGROUND: Depression is associated with disrupted eating behavior and low diet quality, whereas high eating competence is associated with good health-related and psychological outcomes. Previous research has not examined eating competence in patients with depressive disorder, and most research on eating behavior concerns general populations. AIMS AND METHODS: This study aimed to examine whether eating behavior, eating competence, diet quality, and body mass index are associated with the severity of depressive symptoms among patients with depressive disorder. Subjects (n = 93) were adults wh…

Insula network connectivity mediates the association between childhood maltreatment and depressive symptoms in major depressive disorder patients.

Childhood maltreatment (CM) is a major risk factor for developing the major depressive disorder (MDD), however, the neurobiological mechanism linking CM and MDD remains unclear. We recruited 34 healthy controls (HCs) and 44 MDD patients to complete the childhood maltreatment experience assessment with Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and resting-state fMRI scan. Multivariate linear regression analysis was employed to identify the main effects of CM and depressive symptoms total and subfactors scores on bilateral anterior and posterior insula functional connectivity (IFC) networks, respecti…

The structure of depressive symptoms and characteristics and their relation to overall severity in major depressive disorder.

Although many investigators have examined symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD), the multivariate relations among these features of depression and their relative associations with overall severity of depression are not well understood. The present study is the first to examine the underlying factor structure of depression across a broad set of constructs and to model the multivariate association of these factors with the overall severity of depression. We conducted a large-scale factor analysis and multiple regression in a sample of participants diagnosed with MDD (N = 233) and healthy c…

Examination and Comparison of Cognitive and Executive Functions in Clinically Stable Schizophrenia Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, and Major Depressive Disorder.

BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia (SC), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD) are associated with various cognitive and executive dysfunctions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare cognitive and executive dysfunctions in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-four schizophrenia patients, 68 bipolar patients, 62 patients with major depressive disorder, and 75 healthy individuals participated in the present study. All participants were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorder…

Risks of bipolar disorder, depressive disorder, and traumatic brain injury among siblings of patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have suggested that the unaffected siblings of patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience deficits in attention, impulsivity control, and behavior inhibition, which are associated with health-risk behaviors. However, risks to mental and physical health among the unaffected siblings of ADHD probands have rarely been investigated. METHODS: Using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, 5128 unaffected siblings of ADHD probands born between 1980 and 2000 were included in our study along with 20,512 age- and sex-matched con

Depression and anxiety among patients with somatoform disorders, panic disorder, and other depressive/anxiety disorders in Taiwan.

The aim of this study is to compare the severity of depression and anxiety in individuals with somatoform disorders, panic disorder, other d … d factors for BDI-II were gender, residential location, somatoform disorders, panic disorder, major depressive disorder (MDD), and generalized anxiety disorder, whereas BAI was significantly associated with somatoform disorders, panic disorder, and MDD. Our results strongly suggest the inclusion of clinical assessment of depressive and anxious symptoms in patients wi …

Immunotherapy for depression: targeting cytokine pathways in major depressive disorder.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) stands as a foremost contributor to global disability, with a substantial proportion of patients failing to achieve remission through conventional antidepressant therapies. This review positions neuroinflammation as a central pathophysiological mechanism and examines immunotherapy as a promising frontier for a biologically defined subset of patients. We synthesize current evidence detailing how peripheral immune activation, driven by pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, disrupts neural homeostasis through blood-brain barrier (BBB) compromis…

Regional homogeneity and interhemispheric connectivity alterations in major depressive disorder.

BACKGROUND: Frontotemporal neural synchronization and hemispheric lateralization imbalances are core features of major depressive disorder (MDD), but objective Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) - derived biomarkers capturing these abnormalities remain underdeveloped. METHODS: We recruited 236 MDD patients and 124 healthy controls (HCs) who completed a verbal fluency task (VFT) during 52-channel fNIRS scanning. Regional Homogeneity (ReHo) and hemispheric Laterality Index (LI) were computed to assess local neural synchronization and interhemispheric balance across four VFT phases (p…

Рассеивание плериотропии между серьезным депрессивным расстройством и сопутствующими заболеваниями.

Серьезное депрессивное расстройство (МДС) характеризуется значительной совместимостью с медицинскими заболеваниями. Для достижения более высоких результатов для пациентов, страдающих ДМЗ, требуется более глубокое понимание механизмов, лежащих в основе широко распространенных комординаций. Здесь, с этой целью, мы нарисовали рисунки плейотропии, определив four - группы физических заболеваний (сердечные, метаболические, желудочно-кишечные и иммунные) и анализ их генетических связей с MDD с использованием геномного структурного уравнения моделирования. Three :: наличие независимых ассоциаций с МЗП

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by substantial comorbidity with medical conditions. To achieve better outcomes for patients with MDD, an improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying pervasive comorbidities is required. Here, to this end, we mapped patterns of pleiotropy by defining four clusters of physical diseases (cardiovascular, m…

Deep brain stimulation and neuroimmune mechanisms in major depressive disorder.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is increasingly associated with neuroinflammation, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation, and disrupted neuroimmune interactions mediated by cytokine signaling aberrations, glial dysfunction, inflammasome activation, and impaired neuroplasticity. Within this pathophysiological context, deep brain stimulation (DBS) has emerged as a promising neuromodulatory intervention for treatment-resistant depression (TRD), though its underlying biological mechanisms remain poorly elucidated. This review systematically examines the role of neuroinflammation …

Determinants of Psychomotor Slowing in Older Adults With Depressive Disorder.

BACKGROUND: Psychomotor slowing in older adults with depressive disorder (DD) has been associated with a poor prognosis. Whether psychomotor slowing is associated with depression itself, age-related physical and cognitive factors, or both, is important to personalize treatments. We examined the unique contributions of different determinants of psychomotor slowing in older adults with DD. METHODS: Baseline data of the Routine-Outcome-Monitoring for Geriatric Psychiatry and Science (ROM-GPS) study, and the Netherlands Study of Depression in Older persons (NESDO) were used to include a total of …

Alterations in aperiodic neural activity associated with major depressive disorder.

Historically, aperiodic neural activity (i.e., the 1/f exponent and offset of electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectra) has been treated as neural noise. However, recent work has highlighted associations among aperiodic activity, aging, cognition, and psychopathology. While depression has been associated with cognitive deficits and dysregulation of excitatory/inhibitory neural mechanisms linked to aperiodic activity, to date, few studies have compared aperiodic activity in adults with and without depression, and none have evaluated aperiodic activity as a function of depressive chronicity. Her

Lower ANXA3 Levels May Be Related to Major Depressive Disorder.

Annexin A3 (ANXA3) is a calcium-binding protein that plays a role in membrane phospholipid metabolism and inflammation, and significant alterations have been shown in some psychotic disorders. Because its association with major depressive disorder (MDD) is unclear, we aimed to compare serum ANXA3 levels in patients with MDD and healthy controls and to investigate their relationship with depression severity. Serum ANXA3 concentrations in 90 patients diagnosed with MDD and 90 healthy controls were measured by ELISA. Depression severity was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Seru…

Neural circuits mediating chronic stress: Implications for major depressive disorder.

Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known as depression, is a prevalent mental disorder that leads to severe disease burden worldwide. Over the past two decades, significant progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis and developing novel treatments for MDD. Among the complicated etiologies of MDD, chronic stress is a major risk factor. Exploring the underlying brain circuit mechanisms of chronic stress regulation has been an area of active research for recent years. A growing body of preclinical and clinical research has revealed that abnormalities in the brain circuits are clo…

Emotion regulation repertoires predict the risk of major depressive disorder.

BACKGROUND: Few studies explored emotion regulation (ER) repertoires (the tendency to utilize multiple ER strategies in different contexts) in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). It remains unclear to what extent ER repertoires can assess the risk of MDD and other psychiatric disorders. METHOD: Three subsamples including 1397 non-clinical individuals, 135 MDD patients, and 127 healthy controls (HCs) were combined to explore ER repertoires. We further built classifiers of ER repertoires to distinguish MDD patients from HCs, and additionally examined its performance based on publishe…

Heart rate variability in subthreshold depression and major depressive disorder.

BACKGROUND: The relationship between heart rate variability (HRV) and major depressive disorder (MDD) has been well explored. However, current researches lack an observation of HRV in subthreshold depression (SubD), which increases the risk of MDD and presents significant societal challenges. METHODS: This study compared resting state HRV among 128 MDD patients, 131 SubD individuals and 222 healthy controls (HC) recruited from the hospital, physical examination center, and colleges. Depression, anxiety and sleep quality were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized …