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Qualification of the human Reconstructed Intestine Micronuclei Cytome assay for site-of-contact genotoxic hazard identification.

While valuable for hazard identification, in vitro genotoxicity tests that are conducted in 2D monolayer cell cultures possess limitations to accurately envisage in vivo outcomes and may result in unnecessary follow-up in vivo studies. One limitation is their relevance to actual human exposure and the assessment of genotoxicity in tissues representative of "sites-of-first-contact" with genotoxic agents. The revised OECD testing guidelines had emphasized the need for considering site-of-first-contact effect when carrying out genotoxic hazard investigations. To date, only in vivo studies can ade

Prevalence and motivation factors of bleaching practices among female university students in Mogadishu, Somalia.

BACKGROUND: Skin bleaching is the cosmetic use of hazardous substances or skin lightening agents to change one's natural skin pigment. Skin bleaching products contain substances such as corticosteroids, hydroquinone, mercury salts, and other compounds that decrease the melanin. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of skin bleaching and identify the motivating factors among female university students in Mogadishu, Somalia. DESIGN AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 317 female university students in Mogadishu, Somalia, from February to July 2024. Structured questionnaires were used…

CaFu MOF as an efficient adsorbent for simultaneous removal of imidacloprid pesticide and cadmium ions from wastewater.

Heavy metal ions and pesticides are the noteworthy toxic substances which must be removed from contaminated water for safeguarding public health. The higher levels of these substances in natural water may adversely affect the human health, climate and the eco-framework. The adsorptive removal of hazardous constituents employing metal organic frameworks has drawn considerable attention of researchers during the last decade. From this point of view, single crystal of calcium fumarate [Ca(C4H4O4)1.5 (H2O)(CH3OH)2] has been developed and analyzed by single crystal X-ray crystallography which confi

Risk of Child Welfare System Involvement Among Mothers With Substance Use Disorder.

INTRODUCTION: This paper aimed to examine the factors associated with child welfare system involvement among mothers receiving public substance use treatment services. METHODS: This was a cohort study using 2015-2023 linked data from Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, on residents' interactions across public service systems. Independent variables, measured within 3 months of study inclusion, included family characteristics, public benefit receipt, jail release, and substance use disorder diagnoses. The data, captured over the subsequent 21 months, included any child welfare interaction, active c

Effect of Substance Abuse on Suicidal Behaviors Among People Living With HIV: 11-Year Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: The suicide rate among individuals with substance abuse disorders is three times higher than in the general population, with nearly half of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) experiencing substance abuse. PURPOSE: This study was implemented using 11 years of official data to identify the risk factors of suicide and their association with substance abuse among PLHIV. METHODS: A nationwide cohort study was conducted in Taiwan using statistics from the national HIV database dating from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2016. PLHIV aged 15 and older were identifie

Patterns of gambling and substance use initiation in African American and White adolescents and young adults.

The focus of the current investigation is to examine the temporal relationship of gambling onset and alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis initiation in adolescents and young adults (M age = 20.3 years) by examining the prevalence and pattern of onset for each substance and gambling pairing and the associated risk between gambling and each substance use. Data were drawn from the multiwave Missouri Family Study (n = 1,349) of African American (AA; n = 450) and White families (n = 317) enriched for risk for alcohol use disorder and includes those who were assessed for gambling behaviors and problems: A

Comparison of two human cell-based in vitro eye hazard assessment methods: the cytotoxicity test for evaluation of eye irritation (CEI) and the OECD 492B method.

Lately, we have developed a cytotoxicity test for evaluation of eye irritation (CEI), which is able to classify a substance as serious eye damage, eye irritant or not requiring classification. The OECD 492B method can also classify substances into three categories. The aim of the present study was to compare two methods for classifying chemicals into eye hazard categories: OECD 492B and CEI. The first was performed according to the OECD 492B guideline on SkinEthic human corneal epithelium and the second according to our internal protocol on the HDFn cell line. Eighteen substances were tested (

Assessing carcinogenic and mutagenic hazards in firefighting: a comprehensive review.

This review aims to critically assess the carcinogenic and mutagenic risks associated with firefighting, with a focus on cancer incidence, cancer mortality and other chronic health outcomes. Firefighting is widely recognized as a high-risk occupation due to repeated exposure to hazardous substances, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other combustion by-products. An extensive review of empirical studies, meta-analyses, and institutional reports was conducted, considering not only direct fireground exposure but also risks arising from contaminated personal protective equipmen…

Mixed Solvency Concept to Replace Harmful Organic Solvent: Recent Trends and Future Challenges in Formulation Development.

Organic solvents are hazardous and should be replaced with less harmful alternatives. When developing a new formulation for a medicine with low aqueous solubility, improving its solubility might be a significant difficulty. According to the mixed solvency concept, a novel concept of solubilization, the solubility of poorly soluble drugs can be increased by dissolving them in a concentrated solution comprising various substances. Methods commonly used to improve solubility include complexation, pH modification, salt formation, hydrotropy, cosolvency, and micelle solubilization. By reducing the

Advances in perfluoro-alkylated compounds (PFAS) detection in seafood and marine environments: A comprehensive review on analytical techniques and global regulations.

Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent organic pollutants that severely threaten the environment and human health due to their distinct chemical composition, extensive production, widespread distribution, bioaccumulation in nature, and long-term persistence. This review focuses on the occurrence and sources of PFAS in seafood, with a particular emphasis on advanced detection methods viz. nanoparticle-based, biosensor-based, and metal-organic frameworks-based, and mass spectrometric techniques. The challenges associated with these advanced detection technologies are also dis

Health-Related Challenges and Programs Among Agriculture Workers: A Narrative Review.

Agriculture is one of the most hazardous occupations, with many workers experiencing occupational accidents and ill health. The misuse of toxic substances, often due to inadequate protective measures, raises concerns about both individual and nature safety. However, the strenuous tasks done by the agricultural workers, especially those related to pesticide exposure and some challenges affect the farmer's health and well-being. This review paper used databases like PubMed and Google Scholar to elaborate this. English language studies are included and other languages are excluded. The health sys

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… On the other hand, long-term exposure to hazardous substances or various products can lead to chronic intoxication, resulting in irreversible damage such as paralysis and neoplasia [ 6 ]. …

Enhanced sensitivity of Au@Bi2WO6 flower-like materials to formaldehyde.

Bi2WO6 flower-like materials (FMs) were prepared by a hydrothermal method, followed by an in-situ reduction method to prepare Au@Bi2WO6 FMs. … n of gases and thus enhancing outstanding sensing property. Moreover, the detection of volatile and hazardous substances such as formaldehyde, methanol, acetone, benzene, toluene, and xylene was carried out to assess the efficacy of the Au@Bi2WO6 FMs sensors. The optimal operating temperatures for the Bi2WO6 FMs and Au@Bi2WO6 FMs sensors were 290 and 260 °C, respectiv …

Plateau pika fecal microbiota transplantation ameliorates inflammatory bowel disease manifestations in a mouse model of colitis.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a serious global public health concern. Although the pathogenesis of the disease is currently unknown, it has been reported to be associated with both intestinal microbiota and inflammatory mediators. There is evidence suggesting that the feces of the Plateau pika is useful for treating gastrointestinal injuries and pain. Although fecal microbiota transplantation is highly efficacious intervention for IBD prevention, however, potential the transfer of pathogenic microbes or toxic substances is potentially hazardous. Fortunately, micropore filtering of the do

Sewage sludge--looking upstream: the precautionary principle.

The health care industry makes a unique contribution to the potential public health and environmental impacts of sewage sludge production and disposal. As materials flow into and out of health care facilities, potentially hazardous substances, like mercury, solvents, and pharmaceutical compounds, are introduced into the waste stream and ultimately into sewage sludge. Although the hazards posed by these practices are often not fully understood or the risks quantified, concern about impacts on public health and the environment is fully justified. How to deal with the uncertainties surrounding th…

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses.

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programme conducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over 1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involved in chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staff received training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linked to a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new cases of occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277 employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before and after the intervention respectively (p < 0.0001). After other factors such as chemicals handled,

PFAS, PCBs, PCDD/Fs, PAHs and extractable organic fluorine in bio-based fertilizers, amended soils and plants: Exposure assessment and temporal trends.

Bio-based fertilizers (BBFs) produced from organic waste contribute to closed-loop nutrient cycles and circular agriculture. However, persistent organic contaminants, such as per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), as well as polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can be present in organic waste or be formed during valorization processes. Consequently, these hazardous substances may be introduced into agricultural soils and the food chain via BBFs. This study assessed the exposure of 84 target substances …

Trichotillomania and Risk of Alcohol- and Drug-Related Problems.

BACKGROUND: Trichotillomania is an understudied psychiatric disorder characterized by repeated hair-pulling resulting in hair loss. Little is known about the risk of problematic substance use in this patient group. In this nationwide matched cohort study, we investigated the association between trichotillomania and substance-related problems. METHODS: We linked various nationwide administrative and clinical registers in Sweden. Among 12,015,664 individuals living in the country from January 1, 1997, to December 31, 2020, we identified 1136 individuals with an ICD-10 diagnosis of trichotilloma

Hazardous drinking among young adults seeking outpatient mental health services.

BACKGROUND: Alcohol use can have a significant negative impact on young adults in mental health treatment. This cross-sectional study examined prevalence and factors associated with hazardous drinking among young adults seeking outpatient mental health services, rate of alcohol use disorders (AUDs), and the relationship between hazardous drinking and other types of substance use. METHODS: Participants were 487 young adults ages 18-25 who completed self-administered computerized screening questions for alcohol and drug use. Alcohol use patterns were assessed and predictors of hazardous drinkin

Risky Substance Use Environments and Addiction: A New Frontier for Environmental Justice Research.

Substance use disorders are widely recognized as one of the most pressing global public health problems, and recent research indicates that environmental factors, including access and exposure to substances of abuse, neighborhood disadvantage and disorder, and environmental barriers to treatment, influence substance use behaviors. Racial and socioeconomic inequities in the factors that create risky substance use environments may engender disparities in rates of substance use disorders and treatment outcomes. Environmental justice researchers, with substantial experience in addressing racial an

[A case-control study on genetic and environmental factors regarding polydactyly and syndactyly].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the genetic and environmental factors related to the development of polydactyly and syndactyly, and to provide evidence for prevention on birth defects. METHODS: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted. 111 cases and 222 controls were interviewed with standardized questionnaires. Logistic regression models were used to select risk factors. RESULTS: Research data through univariate analysis showed that the occurrence of polydactyly and syndactyly were associated with educational level, annual average income per family member, meat and egg intake during early pr