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A test of within-person temporal dynamics in the S-REF model: Metacognitive beliefs, the CAS and emotional symptoms.

The metacognitive model of psychological disorders describes self-regulation within a hierarchical dynamic interplay between two distinct systems of cognition: a metacognitive control system and a cognitive system. In this model, metacognitive biases give rise to the Cognitive Attentional Syndrome (CAS), a pattern of perseverative thinking and maladaptive coping that sustains emotional distress. Among these biases, metacognitive knowledge, including individuals' declarative beliefs about their cognitive processes, plays a particularly influential role. Associations between metacognitive belief

Generative AI as a cognitive assistive technology for adults with dyslexia: the role of anxiety, working memory, and metacognitive regulation.

PURPOSE: This study examined generative artificial intelligence (AI) as an emerging cognitive assistive technology for adults with dyslexia. Specifically, it investigated whether anxiety, working memory, and metacognitive regulation predict adaptive reliance on AI during problem-solving over time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A short-term, two-wave repeated-measures observational design with a four-week interval was employed (N = 547 adults with dyslexia in Arabia). Participants completed standardised measures of anxiety, working memory, and metacognitive strategy use. Adaptive reliance on generati

Complex Interconnections Between Personality, Emotional, and Metacognitive Dysfunctions: A Comparative Network Analysis in Adolescent and Adult Populations.

Limited research has examined how personality constructs within the alternative model of personality disorders (AMPD) framework are related to intrapsychic processes such as emotion regulation difficulties and metacognitive beliefs and how these components jointly interact as an integrated system across developmental stages. The present study addressed this gap by applying a network analytic approach to investigate the structural interrelations among these domains in adolescent and adult community samples. Participants included 470 adolescents aged 14-17 years and 740 adults from the general p

Metacognitive Belief Profiles Across OCD Symptom Dimensions: A Systematic Review and Clinical Implications for Personalised Treatment.

Background/Objectives: Although obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is clinically heterogeneous, it is unclear whether specific metacognitiv … nce suggests that metacognitive belief profiles in OCD are not dimensionally uniform. Harm-relevant metacognitions appear to be the most salient factor in the checking and unacceptable thought dimensions, whereas ritual-regulation metacognitions appear to be more relevant to the symmetry/ordering dimension. While these findings may inform dimension-sensitive ca …

Дифференцированные метакогнитивные характеристики при повторном излучении и прогрессивном многоразовом склерозе: ассоциации с утомлением, когнитивированием и нетрудоспособностью.

ЦЕЛЬ: В рамках этого исследования были изучены метакогнитивные профили веры у лиц с множественным склерозом (MS) и их связи с когнитивными, эмоциональными и функциональными результатами. В частности, мы сравнили повторные выбросы MS (RRMS), вторичные прогрессивные MS (SPMS) и первичные прогрессивные MS (PPMS) для определения того, характеризуют ли различные фенотипы болезней различные метакогнитивные модели. МЕТОД: Из неврологической клиники было нанято в общей сложности 504 участника (75,6 процента RMS, 9,9 процента SPMS, 14,5 процента PPMS). Участники заполнили вопросник по метакогнитивам-30

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
OBJECTIVE: This study examined metacognitive belief profiles in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) and their associations with cogniti … .6% RRMS, 9.9% SPMS, 14.5% PPMS) were recruited from a neurology clinic. Participants completed the Metacognitions Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS), Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Short Form-12 (SF-12), and Occupational Self-Assessment (OSA). Group di …

Family-based treatment with metacognitive therapy for adolescents with anorexia nervosa: findings from a phase II trial.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of anorexia nervosa (AN) has increased over the past decade, particularly among school-aged children. Family-based therapy (FBT), which focuses on parental management and control, is the recommended and standard treatment for adolescents with AN. While FBT promotes weight gain and improved parent‒child interactions, it does not directly address the adolescents' cognitive change, which could make them vulnerable to relapse. Metacognitive therapy is scarcely studied in AN, and this trial tested its feasibility and long-term effects for adolescents with AN. METHODS: Thi

Elucidating the underlying components of metacognitive systematic bias in the human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and inferior parietal cortex.

Metacognitive systematic bias impairs human learning efficiency, which is characterized by the inconsistency between predicted and actual memory performance. However, the underlying mechanism of metacognitive systematic bias remains unclear in existing studies. In this study, we utilized judgments of learning task in human participants to compare the neural mechanism difference in metacognitive systematic bias. Participants encoded words in fMRI sessions that would be tested later. Immediately after encoding each item, participants predicted how likely they would remember it. Multivariate anal

The metacognitive experience of time passing in Chinese college students: scale development, structure verification, and influencing factors.

The experience of time passing (ETP) is also the consciousness of the progress of life. ETP contributes to time regulation and life manageme … ons of METP. To better understand traditional Chinese time culture, and referring to the concept of metacognition and model of time experience as proposed by Western scholars, the current study combined the results of open and semi-structured interviews, to explore the structure of METP in Chinese college students and developed a questionnaire with which to mea …

Metacognitive therapy self-help for anxiety-depression: Single-blind randomized feasibility trial in cardiovascular disease.

BACKGROUND: One in three cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients experience significant anxiety and depression. Current psychological interventions have limited efficacy in reducing such symptoms and are offered as a face-to-face intervention that may be a barrier to accessing treatment. We evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of delivering assisted home-based self-help metacognitive therapy (home-MCT) to cardiac rehabilitation (CR) patients experiencing anxiety and depression. METHOD: One hundred eight CR patients with elevated anxiety and/or depression were recruited to a single-blind

Session-specific effects of the Metacognitive Group Training for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: significant results for thought control.

The investigation of the session-specific effects is central for the understanding of psychological interventions. For the present study, we investigated the session-specific effects of the Metacognitive Group Training for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (MCT-OCD), which was revised based on data of a pilot study. Thirty-four outpatients with OCD participated in the MCT-OCD once a week over 8 weeks. Different metacognitive beliefs (e.g., thought control) and cognitive beliefs (e.g., intolerance of uncertainty), OC symptoms, as well as associated comorbid symptoms were assessed before and after e

Cognitive and metacognitive factors among alcohol-dependent patients during a residential rehabilitation program: a pilot study.

PURPOSE: The aims of this pilot study were to examine cognitive factors (brooding and craving) together with positive/negative metacognitive … raving (Penn Alcohol Craving Scale [PACS]), 3) positive beliefs about alcohol use (Positive Alcohol Metacognitions Scale [PAMS]), 4) negative beliefs about alcohol use (Negative Alcohol Metacognitions Scale [NAMS]), and 5) the psychophysical state of health (Cognitive Behavioral Assessment - Outcome Evaluation [CBA-OE]). RESULTS: Significant changes were found …

Mechanisms driving pre- and post-stressor repetitive negative thinking: metacognitions, cognitive avoidance, and thought control.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is common to multiple emotional disorders and occurs before, during, and following a stressor. One replicated difference between common forms of RNT such as worry and rumination is temporal orientation towards a stressor, with worry being more future-oriented and rumination more past-oriented. Different mechanisms may drive RNT at these different time points. The aim of Study 1 was to examine whether previously demonstrated relationships between post-stressor RNT and mechanisms theorized to drive engagement in RNT, including metacog

Influence of metacognitive variables and thought suppression on number of thoughts, discomfort they produce and number and quality of auditory illusions.

Based on the model proposed by Morrison, Haddock & Tarrier (1995) on auditory hallucinations, this study explores the relationships between certain metacognitive variables and number of thoughts, the discomfort they produce, number of auditory illusions and the quality with which they are perceived in a sample from a non-clinical population. After group administration of the Metacognitions Questionnaire, 61 participants were randomly assigned to a suppression group (n = 31) or a focalization group (n = 30) in relation to thoughts with different degrees of self-discrepancy. Forty-eight hours af…

Metacognition in anorexia nervosa: Comparison of adolescents with anorexia nervosa and healthy controls in terms of anxiety, depression, and maternal mental symptoms.

BACKGROUND: Metacognition is an emerging area of research in anorexia nervosa (AN). The primary aim of this study was to compare adolescents with AN and healthy controls on self-reported measures of metacognition, depression, and anxiety. Additionally, maternal mental symptoms were compared between the two groups. A secondary aim was to investigate the effects of self-reported depression and anxiety, as well as maternal mental symptoms, on metacognition. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-seven adolescents with AN and 54 healthy controls completed the Metacognition Questionnaire for Children and Ad…

Metacognition in eating disorders: comparison of women with eating disorders, self-reported history of eating disorders or psychiatric problems, and healthy controls.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to compare a clinical sample with eating disorders to different control samples on self-report measures of metacognition and eating disorder symptoms, in order to investigate the role of metacognition in eating disorders. METHOD: The clinical group consisted of 53 female patients with eating disorders who completed the Metacognitions Questionnaire-30 and the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire 6.0. One-hundred and fifty women who served as a control group completed the questionnaires as an Internet survey. This control group was divided into three gro…

The Dark Side of Flow: Passive Flow State, Metacognitive Bias, and Compulsive Use of Short-Form Videos.

This study examines why short-form videos (SFVs) in social media foster compulsive use by reconceptualizing flow in low-effort digital environments. While prior research has primarily highlighted flow's optimal facets, this study argues that in passive media contexts, flow may also embody maladaptive qualities. Drawing on dual-process theory, SFV engagement is conceptualized as predominantly driven by intuitive processing in System 1 (heuristic processing related), through which flow weakens self-control monitoring of System 2 (systematic processing related). To capture the underlying psycholo

College students' metacognitive awareness of generative-AI reliance: an experimental study of decision confidence and attribution bias.

INTRODUCTION: Generative AI is increasingly used by college students for explanation, evaluation, and decision support, raising the question of whether perceived reliance accurately tracks the extent to which AI advice shapes final judgments. METHODS: In a three-condition between-subjects experiment, 342 undergraduate students completed reasoning and information-evaluation tasks under independent decision-making, open multi-turn ChatGPT support, or the same ChatGPT support with a brief metacognitive reflection prompt. Participants reported initial and final answers and confidence, and AI-assi

Effect of semantic and metacognitive rehabilitation in semantic variant primary progressive aphasia: a single-case experimental study.

BACKGROUND: The semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia (svPPA), a rare neurodegenerative disorder, leads to anomia due to a progressive loss of word meaning. In the absence of pharmacological treatment, speech therapy is preferred in clinical practice. However, semantic rehabilitation, which has shown beneficial effects in vascular aphasia when used in combination with metacognitive training, is poorly studied in degenerative pathologies and specifically in svPPA. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of semantic therapy combined with metacognitive training on naming performa

Metacognitive Training for Negative Symptoms (MCT-Minus) in schizophrenia: study protocol for a pragmatic randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Negative symptoms are experienced by up to 60% of the individuals with schizophrenia and represent a stronger indicator of curre … al analyses will address changes in positive symptoms and potential mechanisms of change, including metacognition and internalized stigma. Qualitative data from exit interviews will be analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. DISCUSSION: This study is designed to evaluate the efficacy of MCT-Minus compared to supportive counselling. Given the limited treatm …

Metacognitive Filtering and Cognitive Offloading in AI-Assisted L2 Writing: A PRISMA Guided Process-Tracing Synthesis.

This study conducted a PRISMA-guided systematic review of 33 empirical studies examining learner interactions with AI-mediated feedback in L2 writing between 2010 and 2025. Evidence was synthesized from process-tracing methods, including keystroke logging, eye-tracking, screen capture, interaction logs, and draft-history analytics. The findings revealed two recurring interaction profiles. Higher-regulation learners typically engaged in selective uptake, recursive evaluation, and extended processing of AI feedback, whereas lower-regulation learners more frequently indicate rapid acceptance and