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Ionizing Radiation Perturbs Cell Cycle Progression of Neural Precursors in the Subventricular Zone Without Affecting Their Long-Term Self-Renewal.

Damage to normal human brain cells from exposure to ionizing radiation may occur during the course of radiotherapy or from accidental exposure. Delayed effects may complicate the immediate effects resulting in neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. We examined cellular and molecular changes associated with exposure of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPs) to (137)Cs γ-ray doses in the range of 0 to 8 Gy. Subventricular zone NSPs isolated from newborn mouse pups were analyzed for proliferation, self-renewal, and differentiation, shortly after irradiation. Strikingly, there was no apparent incre

Mice lacking two alleles of the schizophrenia risk gene Tcf4 and Olig2 display deficits in anxiety-related behavior, sensorimotor gating, and cognition.

INTRODUCTION: Oligodendrocytes (OLs) and myelination contribute to higher-order cognitive functions, and are impaired in several mental disorders, including schizophrenia (SZ). The SZ risk gene transcription factor 4 (TCF4) and OLIG2 are two critical regulators of differentiation and maturation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and OLs. Tcf4-Olig2 double heterozygous deletion (Tcf4-Olig2 dHet) mice have been shown to exhibit impairments in OL differentiation and myelination. METHODS: Therefore, we performed a comprehensive behavioral profiling using a Research Domain Criterion (RDoC)-…

Содействие воссоединению с помощью тиромиметического препарата, ведущего к функциональному выздоровлению.

Поощрение ремиэлирования стало важнейшим терапевтическим подходом к лечению демиелионирующих расстройств, включая множественный склероз (MS), как для восстановления функции, так и для защиты нетронутых аксонов от будущих дегенераций. Для созревания олигодендроцитов (Оль) из клеток-прекурсоров олигодендроцитов (ОПК) критически важное значение имеет сигнализированный агонист тироидного гормона, который может стать рациональной целью для развития наркотиков при лечении ОР. Поэтому мы проверили потенциал тиромиметического наркотика LL-341070 для содействия ремиелинации и нейрологическому восстанов

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Promotion of remyelination has become a critical therapeutic approach in the treatment of demyelinating disorders including multiple scleros … e receptor agonist mediated signaling is critical for the maturation of oligodendrocytes (Ols) from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and may be a rational target for drug development in the treatment of MS. Therefore, we tested the potential of a thyromimetic drug pro-drug, LL-341070, to promote remyelination and neurologic recovery in a unique large animal model in which …

Oncostatin M-induced astrocytic tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 drives remyelination.

The brain's endogenous capacity to restore damaged myelin deteriorates during the course of demyelinating disorders. Currently, no treatment … lay a pivotal role in OSM-mediated remyelination. Astrocyte-derived TIMP-1 drove differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells into mature oligodendrocytes in vitro. In vivo, TIMP-1 deficiency completely abolished spontaneous remyelination, phenocopying OSMRβ KO mice. Finally, TIMP-1 was expressed by human astrocytes in demyelinated multiple sclerosis lesions, confirming th …

Child abuse associates with increased recruitment of perineuronal nets in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex: a possible implication of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells.

Child abuse (CA) is a strong predictor of psychopathologies and suicide, altering normal trajectories of brain development in areas closely linked to emotional responses such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Yet, the cellular underpinnings of these enduring effects are unclear. Childhood and adolescence are marked by the protracted formation of perineuronal nets (PNNs), which orchestrate the closure of developmental windows of cortical plasticity by regulating the functional integration of parvalbumin interneurons into neuronal circuits. Using well-characterized post-mortem brain samples, we sh

Olig2-enriched exosomes: A novel therapeutic approach for cuprizone-induced demyelination.

The research aims to study the therapeutic impact of HEK293-XPack-Olig2 cell-derived exosomes on remyelination of the corpus callosum in a cuprizone-induced demyelinating disease model. A lentiviral vector expressing Olig2 was constructed using XPack technology. The highly abundant Olig2 exosomes (ExoOs) were isolated by centrifugation for subsequent experiments. Western blot, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and electron microscopy showed no significant difference in particle size and morphology between Exos and ExoOs, and a high level of Olig2 expression could be detected in ExoOs, indi

Метформин изменяет метаболизм, связанный с митохондрией, и укрепляет функцию человека олигодендроцита.

Метформин омовеняет клетки потомства взрослых крыс олигодендроцитов (КОП), что позволяет более эффективно дифференцировать олигодендроциты и улучшить ремиелионацию, и поэтому представляет интерес в качестве терапевтического средства для лечения таких демиелинизирующих заболеваний, как множественный склероз (МС). Здесь мы проверяем, оказывает ли метформин аналогичное воздействие на производные стволовых клеток человека. Мы оцениваем, насколько хорошо модели, моделирующие монокультуру человека, органоид и химера, моделируют в взрослом человеке олигодендроциты, обнаруживая самое близкое сходство

Recombinant Erythropoietin Induces Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cell Proliferation After Traumatic Brain Injury and Delayed Hypoxemia.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can result in axonal loss and demyelination, leading to persistent damage in the white matter. Demyelinated axons are vulnerable to pathologies related to an abnormal myelin structure that expose neurons to further damage. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) mediate remyelination after recruitment to the injury site. Often this process is inefficient due to inadequate OPC proliferation. To date, no effective treatments are currently available to stimulate OPC proliferation in TBI. Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) is a pleiotropic neuroprotective cytokin

Type 1 astrocytes and oligodendrocyte-type 2 astrocyte glial progenitors migrate toward distinct molecules.

During central nervous system (CNS) development, glial precursors proliferate in subventricular zones and then migrate throughout the CNS to adopt their final destinations and differentiate into various types of mature glial cells. Although several growth factors promoting the proliferation and/or differentiation of glial precursors have been identified, very little is known about the nature of signals that guide glial cell migration in the CNS. Therefore, we have investigated whether polypeptide growth factors and/or extracellular matrix molecules may mediate the migration of two major glial

Integrated multimodal cell atlas of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in older adults. Although AD progression is characterized by stereotyped accumulat … lia, reactive astrocytes, loss of somatostatin+ inhibitory neurons, and a remyelination response by oligodendrocyte precursor cells; and a later phase with exponential increase in pathology, loss of excitatory neurons and Pvalb+ and Vip+ inhibitory neuron subtypes. These findings were replicated in other major AD studies.

Emerging Role of Oligodendrocytes Malfunction in the Progression of Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent form of dementia, is characterized by hallmark pathologies such as amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaque accumulation, tau hyperphosphorylation, and progressive neuronal dysfunction. While much attention has focused on neurons and microglia, recent studies underscore the significant yet understudied roles of oligodendrocytes (OL) and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC) in AD pathology. OL, responsible for myelin production and maintenance, are impaired early in AD, contributing to demyelination, synaptic dysfunction, and cognitive decline. Emerging evidence re…

Hyperoxia Inhibits the Growth of Mouse Forebrain Oligodendrocyte Progenitors but Promotes Their Differentiation.

Oligodendrocytes facilitate saltatory conduction and they support both neuronal and axonal survival; thus, when they are diseased or damaged, neurological problems ensue. Oligodendrocyte progenitors (OPCs) have been successfully isolated from rodents using magnetic beads, immunopanning and differential adhesion. Whereas rat OPCs are easy to propagate in vitro, expanding mouse OPCs in vitro has not been straightforward, which is problematic given that mice have been used to generate the majority of genetically engineered disease models. In this study, we developed and characterized a reproducib

Astrocytic alterations induced by HTLV type 1-infected T lymphocytes: a role for Tax-1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha.

In the neurological disease associated with HTLV-1 infected T lymphocytes infiltrated within the CNS are suspected of playing a prominent role in pathogenesis via inflammatory cytokines and the viral protein Tax-1. We hypothesized that T lymphocytes initiate functional perturbation in astrocytes, resulting in neuronal alteration as glial cells have a crucial role in CNS homeostasis. In particular, astrocytes manage the steady state level of glutamate and continuously provide metabolite precursors to neurons and oligodendrocytes. Using a model system of HTLV-1-infected T cells-astrocytes intera

Imbalanced expression of glutamate-glutamine cycle enzymes induced by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 Tax protein in cultivated astrocytes.

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the etiological agent involved in the disease HTLV-1-associated myelopathy, or tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The pathogenesis of HAM/TSP is poorly understood, but it is probable that viral infection has an indirect, deleterious effect on neural function. In this regard, dysfunction in astrocytes may be severely detrimental, as they supply neurons with metabolic precursors, control the extracellular levels of ion and excitatory neurotransmitters, and are electrically coupled with oligodendrocytes. In a model in vitro, we demonstrate t

Central effects of fingolimod.

INTRODUCTION: Fingolimod, a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator, was the first oral therapy approved for relapsing-remitting multiple … ectly on S1P receptors present in CNS cells. Fingolimod occupies S1P receptors in oligodendrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells, astrocytes, microglial cells and neurons, promoting remyelination, neuroprotection, and endogenous regeneration processes. Efficacy results from clinical trials are consistent with a mechanism of action that includes direct effects in CNS cells. C …

The emerging role of oligodendrocytes in Alzheimer's disease: Integrating bibliometric insights with molecular pathogenesis.

BackgroundOligodendrocytes (OLs) have received relatively limited attention in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research; however, recent studies highlight their significant role in AD pathology, particularly in neuroinflammation and myelin integrity.ObjectiveTo bibliometrically analyze oligodendrocyte research in AD.MethodsLiterature was retrieved from Web of Science and Scopus on July 8, 2025. CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and R-based bibliometrix were used for visualization and trend analysis.ResultsA total of 1780 publications from 1981 to 2025 were analyzed. Research output in this field grew significant

Theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation attenuates chronic ischemic demyelination and vascular cognitive impairment in mice.

Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) is mainly caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and subsequent white matter lesions. Noninvasive transcranial magnetic stimulation has been utilized in treating various neurological disorders. However, the function of theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation on VCID remains to be defined. We utilized 4-week bilateral carotid artery stenosis model of male mice to mimic VCID. Intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) or consecutive theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) was administered for 14 consecutive days. Through luxol fast blue staining,

Roles of mitophagy and immune infiltration in Parkinson's disease: new perspectives from bioinformatics analysis and A53T transgenic mice.

BACKGROUND: Mitophagy plays a critical role in the pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD) via mitochondrial quality control, making it a prom … ssion of these genes in astrocytes, dopamine neurons, glutamatergic neurons, endothelial cells, and oligodendrocyte precursor cells within the substantia nigra of PD samples compared to controls. Furthermore, significant differences in mRNA levels were observed in peripheral immune cells, specifically CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, monocytes, and NK cells, between control and PD sa …

Asn194Lys mutation in RVG29 peptide increases GFP transgene delivery by endocytosis to neuroblastoma and astrocyte cells.

OBJECTIVES: A cell-penetrating peptide-based delivery system could target specific types of cells for therapeutic genes delivery. To increas … complexes. Immunofluorescence was used to assess the gene transfection efficiency into astrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), SH-SY5Y, HeLa and NIH/3T3 cells. The cellular uptake mechanism of RVG29 complexes was examined using endocytosis inhibitors. KEY FINDINGS: The mRVG29 peptide has the ability to enhance the nuclear import of plasmids. The Asn194Lys mutation …

Astrocyte-derived factors regulate CNS myelination.

The role that astrocytes play in central nervous system (CNS) myelination is poorly understood. We investigated the contribution of astrocyte-derived factors to myelination and revealed a substantial overlap in the secretomes of human and rat astrocytes. Using in vitro myelinating co-cultures of primary retinal ganglion cells and cortical oligodendrocyte precursor cells, we discovered that factors secreted by resting astrocytes, but not reactive astrocytes, facilitated myelination. Soluble brevican emerged as a new enhancer of developmental myelination in vivo, CNS and its absence was linked t…