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Streptococcus pneumoniae colonisation in children and adolescents with asthma: impact of the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and evaluation of potential effect of thirteen-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.

BACKGROUND: The main aim of this study was to evaluate Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage in a group of school-aged children and adolescents with asthma because these results might indicate the theoretical risk of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) of such patients and the potential protective efficacy of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). METHODS: Oropharyngeal samples were obtained from 423 children with documented asthma (300 males, 70.9%), and tested for the autolysin-A-encoding (lytA) and the wzg (cpsA) gene of S. pneumoniae by means of real-time polymerase chain react

Immunogenicity and safety of measles-mumps-rubella, varicella and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines administered concurrently with a fourth dose of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine compared with the vaccines administered without heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.

BACKGROUND: Prevnar [heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7)] is licensed in the United States for routine administration in infants and may be coadministered with other infant vaccines. Safety and immunogenicity data on the coadministration of the fourth dose of PCV7 with measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), varicella and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccines are limited. METHODS: Children 12-15 months of age received either MMR with PCV7 (group 1) or MMR without PCV7 (group 2). All subjects received Hib and varicella vaccines. Group 2 received PCV7 6-9 weeks after MMR vaccination.

Estimating the Clinical and Economic Impact of Switching from the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13) to the 10-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV10) in Italy.

Background: Invasive and non-invasive pneumococcal diseases are significant health and economic burdens, especially in children and the elderly. Italy included the 7-valent (PCV7) and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in the National Immunization Program in 2007 and 2010, respectively, allowing a dramatic reduction in the burden of pneumococcal disease. In the era of budget constraints, decision-makers may consider switching from the higher-valent, more costly PCV13, to the lower-cost PCV10. This study estimated the potential public health and economic impact of changing vaccine

Cellular CD4 T cell responses to the diphtheria-derived carrier protein of conjugated pneumococcal vaccine and antibody response to pneumococcal vaccination in HIV-infected adults.

BACKGROUND: The French National Agency for AIDS and Viral Hepatitis Research (ANRS) 114 Pneumovac trial showed that a strategy combining a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) prime at week 0 followed by a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) boost at week 4 enhances the frequency and magnitude of immunoglobulin (Ig) G responses against Streptococcus pneumoniae polysaccharides (SPPs) compared with PPV alone. CD4 T cell responses specific to the diphtheria-derived carrier protein CRM(197) were evaluated. METHODS: Lymphocyte proliferative responses (LPRs) and T(H)1 cytok

Direct and indirect effects of routine vaccination of children with 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease--United States, 1998-2003.

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a leading cause of pneumonia and meningitis in the United States and disproportionately affects young children and the elderly. In 2000, a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was licensed in the United States for routine use in children aged <5 years. Surveillance data from 2001 and 2002 indicated substantial declines in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in children and adults compared with prevaccine years . This report updates assessment of the impact of PCV7 on IPD through 2003 by using population-based data from the Active Bacterial C

Pneumococcal meningitis caused by non-vaccine serotype 34 after vaccination with the 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in a child with inner ear malformations and bilateral cochlear implants: A case report.

Although pneumococcal conjugate vaccines have reduced invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in children, infections caused by non-vaccine serotypes remain a significant clinical concern. Children with congenital inner ear malformations and cochlear implants (CIs) face an elevated risk of bacterial meningitis, due to potential abnormal communication between the inner ear and subarachnoid space. We report a case of pneumococcal meningitis caused by the non-vaccine serotype 34 in a child with bilateral CIs, who had completed the recommended pneumococcal vaccine schedule. A 2-year-old boy with bilat

Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Presenting with Pyogenic Spondylitis in a Patient on Chronic Hemodialysis Who Previously Received a Pneumococcal Vaccine.

We herein report a case of cervical pyogenic spondylitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in a woman on chronic hemodialysis who had received pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine 23. The patient presented for routine hemodialysis with a fever but without focal signs. Blood cultures revealed S. pneumoniae (serotype 38, non-vaccine serotype type). Cervical magnetic resonance imaging showed C4-C5 marrow edema and endplate destruction. After brief empiric piperacillin-tazobactam, outpatient treatment comprising outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy with ceftriaxone was continued for six wee

Effectiveness of a Single Dose of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Against Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Children: A Systematic Literature Review.

INTRODUCTION: While pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) are typically administered to infants using a three- or four-dose regimen, children may receive less immunogenic regimens due to missed doses or alternative schedules. The level of direct protection in children vaccinated with a single dose of PCV remains unclear. METHODS: We performed a systematic review of observational studies published during 2000-2024 on vaccine effectiveness (VE) of a single dose of PCV7, PCV10, or PCV13 against vaccine-type invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in children. Results were stratified by vaccine and

Characterization of pneumococcal meningitis before and after introduction of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Niger, 2010-2018.

Pneumococcal meningitis in the African meningitis belt is primarily caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1, a serotype contained in the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). In 2014, Niger introduced PCV13 with doses given at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age. We leveraged existing meningitis surveillance data to describe pneumococcal meningitis trends in Niger. As a national reference laboratory for meningitis, Centre de Recherche Médicale et Sanitaire (CERMES) receives cerebrospinal fluid specimens from suspected bacterial meningitis cases and performs confirmatory testing for an

Understanding the Evolution of Antibiotic-nonsusceptible Pneumococcal Nasopharyngeal Colonization Following Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Implementation in Young Children.

BACKGROUND: Four main processes determine pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) antibiotic-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae (ANSP) carriage: reduction of PCV serotypes, increase of non-PCV serotypes, potential overall reduction in carriage, and within-serotype nonsusceptibility resulting from continuous antibiotic pressure. The post-PCV implementation dynamics of these components were examined in young children from 2 distinct ethnic populations: Jewish and Bedouin. METHODS: We performed ongoing, prospective, population-based, active surveillance initiated at the time of 7- and 13-valen

Pneumococcal meningitis before the introduction of 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine into the National Childhood Immunization Program in Poland.

BACKGROUND: Poland introduced the 10-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine (PCV10) into the childhood immunization program in January 2017. During previous decades, considerable changes had occurred in the surveillance system for invasive pneumococcal disease. Therefore, to provide baseline data on pneumococcal diseases before PCV10 introduction, we evaluated the epidemiology of pneumococcal meningitis (PM), the only syndrome monitored consistently since 1970. METHODS: Based on laboratory-confirmed cases reported during 2005-2015, we calculated the reported rates, serotypes distribution and a

Modeling pneumococcal nasopharyngeal acquisition as a function of anticapsular serum antibody concentrations after pneumococcal conjugate vaccine administration.

BACKGROUND: A prior 7- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7 and PCV13) study provided sufficient data (N=1754; Jewish, n=1154; Bedouin, n=595; other, n=5) to investigate the association between nasopharyngeal (NP) acquisition of common PCV7 serotypes and cross-reacting 6A (PCV7+6A) and IgG concentrations. METHODS: Using a logistic regression model, serotype specific association between postinfant series IgG concentration (age 7months) and new NP acquisition between ages 7 and 24months was assessed and adjusted for ethnicity. From a subset of subjects with new NP acquisition (n=9

Seasonality of Pneumococcal Nasopharyngeal Carriage in Rural Gambia Determined within the Context of a Cluster Randomized Pneumococcal Vaccine Trial.

BACKGROUND: We conducted an ancillary study among individuals who had participated in a PCV-7 trial in rural Gambia, to determine the influence of season on the prevalence of pneumococcal carriage. METHODS: 636 individuals above 30 months of age were followed from 4 to 20 months after vaccination with PCV-7 or meningococcal-conjugate-vaccine. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected periodically between November 2006 and June 2008. Overall, 4,495 NPS were collected. RESULTS: Prevalence of pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage in the study subjects (median age 11 years) was 55.0%; this prevalence d

Susceptibility profiles and correlation with pneumococcal serotypes soon after implementation of the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Brazil.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the susceptibility patterns among Streptococcus pneumoniae recovered during the years 2010-2012 and to correlate these with serotypes. METHODS: Pneumococci from invasive sites were serotyped by sequential multiplex PCR and/or Quellung reaction. Etest strips were used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentrations, and the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines were used for interpretation. Genetic determinants of macrolide resistance were assessed by PCR, and the occurrence of the D phenotype was analyzed following the recommendations of the

The burden of severe pneumococcal infection in Ireland: potential effectiveness and indirect benefits of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.

This study attempts to overcome the problem of under-reporting of serious pneumococcal infection in the Republic of Ireland by adding a proportion of 'unspecified' disease to pneumococcal disease reports. ICD-9 data for all age groups was collected on meningitis (from the National Disease Surveillance Centre), and septicaemia and pneumonia (from the Hospital In-Patient Enquiry system) for the year 1999. A 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) has been shown to have significant effectiveness in the target paediatric age group and also indirect herd effects on the US adult population. Th

Estimates of the Health and Economic Burden of Pneumococcal Infections Attributable to the 15-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Serotypes in the USA.

IntroductionDespite the availability of vaccines, pneumococcal disease (PD) is associated with high clinical and economic burden, mainly caused by non-vaccine serotypes and certain vaccine-type serotypes. V114 is a 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) that contains two epidemiologically important serotypes, 22F and 33F, in addition to the 13 serotypes in 13-valent PCV (PCV13). This study quantified the epidemiologic and economic burden of PD attributable to V114 serotypes among adults in the USA.MethodsA Markov model was used to estimate the burden of V114 serotypes in a hypothetical

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… Pneumococcal vaccine coverage in the USA in 2018 was 23.3% and 69% among adults 19–64 years of age and ≥ 65 years of age, respectively [ 10 ]. … The value of next-generation adult pneumococcal vaccines should, therefore, not be limited to prevention of disease caused by serotypes not currently covered. …

Pneumococcal meningitis in adults in 2014-2018 after introduction of pediatric 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Japan.

We assessed the impact of the pediatric 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) on pneumococcal meningitis in adults in Japan in 2014-2018 by comparing epidemiological characteristics of adults with invasive pneumococcal disease with (n = 222) and without (n = 1258) meningitis. The annual incidence of pneumococcal meningitis in 2016-2018 was 0.20-0.26 cases/100,000 population. Age (p < 0.001) and case fatality rate (p = 0.003) were significantly lower in patients with meningitis than in those without meningitis. The odds of developing meningitis were higher in asplenic/hyposplenic or

Clinical and Bacteriological Analysis of Pediatric Pneumococcal Meningitis after 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Introduction in Japan.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the leading causes of meningitis in children. In Japan, since the introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13), the number of pneumococcal meningitis due to non-PCV13 serotypes in children has increased. To clarify the clinical outcomes, serotype distributions, and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolated S. pneumoniae strains from pediatric pneumococcal meningitis, we clinically and bacteriologically analyzed 34 cases of pediatric pneumococcal meningitis that were reported after the PCV13 introduction era in Japan. The median age at d

Risk factors for pneumococcal carriage in adults living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in the infant pneumococcal vaccine era in Malawi.

OBJECTIVE: Adults living with HIV (ALWHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) are at high risk of pneumococcal carriage and disease. To help evaluate carriage risk in African ALWHIV at least 4 years after infant pneumococcal conjugate vaccination introduction in 2011, we assessed association between pneumococcal carriage and potential risk factors. METHODS: Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from adults aged 18-40 years attending an ART clinic during rolling, cross-sectional surveys in Blantyre, Malawi between 2015 and 2019. We fitted generalized additive models to estimate the risk of sex, soc