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Body mass weighted prostate-specific antigen levels, new markers to predict locally advanced prostate cancer after prostatectomy.

BACKGROUND: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) remains the most useful marker for screening, risk categorization, and follow-up in patients with prostate cancer. In the obese population, several studies have revealed that obesity may not only inversely interfere with the concentration of PSA, but also increase the risk of prostate cancer. Thus, we considered using the body mass weighted PSA levels, presented as serum PSA concentration multiplied by body weight or body mass index (BMI), instead of traditional PSA concentration, as potential markers to predict locally advanced prostate cancer after…

Determination of Critical Organ Doses with 177Lu Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Dosimetry in Metastatic Prostate Cancer Treatment.

AimThis study aimed to perform dosimetry in patients with metastatic prostate cancer treated with 177Lutetium (Lu) prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-617 radiopharmaceutical, calculating organ blood clearance and consequently determining the maximum tolerable treatment activity.Materials and methodsEighteen patients with metastatic prostate cancer were enrolled in the study. Patients were administered 5.55 gigabecquerel (GBq) of 177Lu-PSMA-617 radiopharmaceutical per treatment cycle through infusion. Blood samples (2 mL each) were collected at 2, 4, 6, 8, 18, 24, 36, and 44 h postinject

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… All patients had received hormone therapy, and their blood prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels had increased. Gleason scores ranged from 6 to 9. Blood PSA levels varied between 19 and 121 ng/mL (mean 73 ± 31) [ Table 1 ]. … Equation 1 for bone marrow dosimetry is given by Wessels et al . method was used.[ 15 ] Table 1 Demographic information of patients and absorbed radiation doses (Gy/GBq) GS: Gleason score, SD: Standard deviation, PSA: Prostate-specific antigen, GS: Gleason score Patient number | Age | GS | PSA (ng/mL …

[Diagnostic value of hematological parameters for prostate cancer in patients with gray-zone prostate-specific antigen levels].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic value of hematological parameters for PCa with prostate-specific antigen （PSA） of 4－10 μg/L and construct a risk-stratification model with these parameters. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data on the males undergoing the initial prostatic biopsy in the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University with PSA of 4－10 μg/L from March 2010 to April 2021. According to the results of biopsy, we classified the patients into a PCa and a non-PCa group, and compared the hematological parameters between the two groups. We performed univariate and multiva…

Prostate-specific Antigen Levels Following Brachytherapy Impact Late Biochemical Recurrence in Japanese Patients With Localized Prostate Cancer.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Evaluation of long-term outcomes is essential for the successful treatment of localized prostate cancer; however, the risk of late recurrence following brachytherapy is still not clear. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes of low-dose-rate brachytherapy (LDR-BT) for localized prostate cancer in Japanese patients and identify factors associated with late recurrence after treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This single-center, cohort study included patients who underwent LDR-BT at the Tokushima University Hospital in Japan between July 2004 and January 2015; 418 pati

Combination prostate cancer therapy: Prostate-specific membranes antigen targeted, pH-sensitive nanoparticles loaded with doxorubicin and tanshinone.

Prostate cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer in the men population. Combination anticancer therapy using doxorubicin (DOX) and another extract of traditional Chinese medicine is one nano-sized drug delivery system promising to generate synergistic anticancer effects, maximize the treatment effect, and overcome multi-drug resistance. The purpose of this study is to construct a drug delivery system for the co-delivery of DOX and tanshinones (TAN). Lipid nanoparticles loaded with DOX and TAN (N-DOX/TAN) were prepared by emulsification and solvent-diffusion method. PSMA targeted

Impact of perioperative factors on nadir serum prostate-specific antigen levels after holmium laser enucleation of prostate.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship of preoperative prostate size, urinary retention, positive urine culture, and histopathological evidence of prostatitis or incidental prostate cancer on baseline and 3-month nadir prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value after Holmium laser enucleation of prostate (HoLEP). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data from 90 patients who underwent a HoLEP by En-bloc technique were analyzed. PSA values at baseline and at 3-month follow-up, preoperative urinary retention and urine culture status, weight of resected tissue, and histopathological evidence of prostatitis or p…

68Ga-Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Uptake in a Malignant Pleural Effusion From Metastatic Prostate Cancer After Pleurodesis.

A 76-year-old man with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate presented with increasing dyspnea. After being treated initially with drainage and afterwards with pleurodesis, he was referred for Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen 11 PET/CT imaging for restaging purposes. PET/CT demonstrated extensive Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen 11 uptake in the right pleura. Histopathology confirmed the rare case of malignant pleural effusion from metastatic prostate cancer.

Lymphangitic Carcinomatosis From Prostate Cancer Identified With Gallium-68 Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography Imaging.

Lymphangitic carcinomatosis refers to the rare process of diffuse malignant invasion of the pulmonary lymphatics. We describe the first reported case of lymphangitic carcinomatosis visualized with gallium-68 prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography and its clinical significance in a 53-year-old man with prostate carcinoma. This case highlights the ability of gallium-68 prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography for prostate carcinoma characterization and the importance of always considering atypical patterns of metastatic disease.

Impact of family history on prostate cancer mortality in white men undergoing prostate specific antigen based screening.

PURPOSE: We assessed whether prostate cancer screening would decrease prostate cancer mortality in white men with a family history of prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from the PLCO cancer screening trial were used to compare the screening and usual care arms in the subset of men with and without a family history of prostate cancer. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, and log rank analysis of Kaplan-Meier curves were done to examine the data for differences in prostate cancer specific survival. RESULTS: A total of 65,179 white subjects were included in the prostat

[Age-related reference ranges of serum prostate-specific antigen in men free of prostate cancer in Beijing].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the age-related normal ranges of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level in men free of prostate cancer in Beijing. METHODS: Form April 2010 to October 2011, 1611 healthy men undergoing routine physical examinations in our hospital were enrolled and received examinations with serum PSA test, digital rectal examination and transrectal ultrasound. The men with abnormalities in any two of the three examinations were referred to a prostate biopsy. The men with normal results in any two of the examinations or with a negative biopsy finding were defined as men without pr…

Reduction of serum prostate-specific antigen levels following varicella-zoster infection and valaciclovir treatment in prostate cancer.

We present two prostate cancer patients, including one with a castration-resistant cancer whose rising serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels showed a remarkable drop after a reactivated varicella-zoster virus infection treated with valaciclovir. In one patient, we found a temporary decrease in serum PSA lasting for at least 4 mo. In the patient with castration-resistant prostate cancer, serum PSA decreased to <0.01 microg/l and has remained undetectable since.

Prostate-specific antigen induces apoptosis of osteoclast precursors: potential role in osteoblastic bone metastases of prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer is frequently associated with bone metastases with marked osteoblastic changes and low osteoclastic activity but its mechanism is not well understood. We previously reported that prostate-specific antigen (PSA) stimulated the proliferation and the activation of osteoblasts. In this study, we investigated the effect of PSA on osteoclastogenesis. METHODS: Two human prostate cancer cell lines and PSA were directly injected into human adult bone (HAB) implanted into NOD/SCID mice, followed by morphological analysis. RAW 264.7 cells, murine osteoclast precursor, were tr…

Utility of volume adjusted prostate specific antigen density in the diagnosis of prostate cancer in Arab men.

BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to assess the utility of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and PSA density (PSAD) in discriminating between benign and malignant prostate disease in the Kuwaiti Arab population. METHODS: A total of 100 consecutive patients suspected of having prostate cancer because of serum PSA > 4 ng/ml, or detection of a prostatic nodule on rectal examination were further investigated by determination of PSAD, TRUS of prostate, sexant prostatic biopsy and histological analysis to establish the correct diagnosis. Other diagnostic measures included the determination of the

Selection of optimal prostate specific antigen cutoffs for early detection of prostate cancer: receiver operating characteristic curves.

A prospective clinical trial of prostate cancer screening was conducted at 6 university centers including 6,630 men 50 years old or older who underwent a serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) determination and digital rectal examination. Biopsies were performed if the PSA level was greater than 4.0 ng./ml. (Hybritech Tandem assay) or digital rectal examination was suspicious for cancer. We evaluated the effect on biopsy rate and cancer detection if the cutoff value was shifted from 4.0 to age-specific reference ranges recommended in the literature. In men 50 to 59 years old with normal digital

Prostate cancer detection in a clinical urological practice by ultrasonography, digital rectal examination and prostate specific antigen.

The prostate cancer detection rate from screening by digital rectal examination and tactilely guided prostate biopsy is approximately 1.7%. Among 1,807 men a detection rate of 14.6% was achieved in a clinical urological practice by physician-conducted prostate ultrasonography, digital rectal examination and determination of serum prostate specific antigen. Results are presented in 5-year increments as well as for the group as a whole. The possible benefit to be derived from an improved detection rate is undetermined. Recommendations are made regarding the clinical use of these diagnostic modal

Additional predictive value of systemic inflammation indices beyond prostate specific antigen density for clinically significant prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate whether systemic inflammation indices provide additional predictive value beyond conventional clinical parameters, particularly prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD), for the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) prior to transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy. METHODS: This retrospective, single-center study included patients who underwent TRUS-guided prostate biopsy due to elevated PSA levels and/or suspicious digital rectal examination findings. Data from 527 patients who u…

The emerging role of prostate-specific membrane antigen-targeted radioligand therapy in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.

The treatment of metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) has evolved in recent years towards combination therapy, enhancing survival outcomes when compared with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) alone. However, many patients who are eligible for combination therapy are still receiving ADT monotherapy, and a significant proportion of those treated with doublet combinations still experience suboptimal outcomes. Furthermore, the value of adding docetaxel to an androgen receptor pathway inhibitor (ARPI)/ADT doublet in mHSPC has not been delineated, particularly in patients with low-v

Dual Targeting of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen and Fibroblast Activation Protein: Bridging Prostate Cancer Theranostics with Precision.

Targeting Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) has proven highly useful and beneficial for prostate cancer (PCa) theranostics. However, patients with advanced metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) lack optimal PSMA expression resulting in poor specificity. To address this limitation, combination targeting is gaining popularity by synergistically boosting the theranostic efficacy. Herein, we thoroughly reviewed the most recent development of drug formulation for PCa theranostics by targeting both PSMA and Fibroblast Activation Protein (FAP). FAP is known to overexpress in