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Bu-Shen-Yi-Sui Capsule, an Herbal Medicine Formula, Promotes Remyelination by Modulating the Molecular Signals via Exosomes in Mice with Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. Bu-shen-yi-sui capsule (BSYSC) could significantly reduce the relapse rate, prevent the progression of MS, and enhance remyelination following neurological injury in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an established model of MS; however, the mechanism underlying the effect of BSYSC on remyelination has not been well elucidated. This study showed that exosomes carrying biological information are involved in the pathological process of MS and that modified exosomes can promote rem…

Adenosine A1 receptor agonist, N6-cyclohexyladenosine, protects myelin and induces remyelination in an experimental model of rat optic chiasm demyelination; electrophysiological and histopathological studies.

Chronic demyelinated lesions and subsequent functional impairment are resulted from eventual failure of remyelination process as seen in multiple sclerosis. Activation of adenosine A1 receptor is reported to be effective on neural stem cells (NSCs) proliferation and oligodendrocytes differentiation. Therefore, this study attempted to investigate the effect of A1 receptor agonist N6-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA), on lysolecithin (LPC) induced demyelination and remyelination in rat optic chiasm. The experiments were carried out on male Wistar rats using visual evoked potential recording, myelin stai…

Редакторское выражение обеспокоенности для Poon et al., нацеливание мускаринового рецептора M1 на селективного антагониста из числа зрителей в целях поощрения ремиелиции при множественном склерозе.

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… Editorial Expression of Concern for “Targeting the muscarinic M1 receptor with a selective, brain-penetrant antagonist to promote remyelination in multiple sclerosis,” by Michael M. Poon, Kym I. Lorrain, Karin J. Stebbins, Geraldine C. Edu, Alexander R. Broadhead, Ariana J. Lorenzana, Jeffrey R. …

Embryonic-derived olfactory ensheathing cells remyelinate focal areas of spinal cord demyelination more efficiently than neonatal or adult-derived cells.

Transplanted olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) contribute to functional recovery in a range of CNS injuries by several mechanisms, one of which is potentially their ability to form myelin sheaths. OECs sourced from donors of different ages have been shown to remyelinate in several in vitro and in vivo models. However, the optimal donor age for OEC associated remyelination is unclear. This project directly compared the remyelinating potential of p75 purified OEC transplants from three donor ages. OECs were sourced from the olfactory bulbs of embryonic, neonatal, and adult rats and purified by …

Schwann cell transplantation for remyelination, regeneration, tissue sparing, and functional recovery in spinal cord injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies.

INTRODUCTION: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a significant global health challenge that results in profound physical and neurological impairments. Despite progress in medical care, the treatment options for SCI are still restricted and often focus on symptom management rather than promoting neural repair and functional recovery. This study focused on clarifying the impact of Schwann cell (SC) transplantation on the molecular, cellular, and functional basis of recovery in animal models of SCI. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Relevant studies were identified by conducting searches across multiple databases,

Remyelination Is Correlated with Regulatory T Cell Induction Following Human Embryoid Body-Derived Neural Precursor Cell Transplantation in a Viral Model of Multiple Sclerosis.

We have recently described sustained clinical recovery associated with dampened neuroinflammation and remyelination following transplantation of neural precursor cells (NPCs) derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in a viral model of the human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis. The hNPCs used in that study were derived by a novel direct differentiation method (direct differentiation, DD-NPCs) that resulted in a unique gene expression pattern when compared to hNPCs derived by conventional methods. Since the therapeutic potential of human NPCs may differ greatly depending on the …

Analysis of structural and molecular events associated with adult rat optic chiasm and nerves demyelination and remyelination: possible role for 3rd ventricle proliferating cells.

Multiple sclerosis frequently affects the optic apparatus, particularly optic chiasm and nerves. Here, we have reported the structural and molecular characteristics of remyelination in the adult rat optic chiasm and nerves. Moreover, considering the proximity of optic chiasm and 3rd ventricle, we have tried to determine if proliferating cells residing in 3rd ventricle region are able to migrate in response to experimental demyelination of the optic chiasm. Following local demyelination by lysolecithin, remyelination pattern in longitude of optic chiasm and proximal nerves was investigated usin…

Leptin deficiency leads to nerve degeneration and impairs axon remyelination by inducing Schwann cell apoptosis and demyelination in type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy in rats.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy, characterized by symptoms such as paresthesia, neuropathic pain, and potential lower limb amputation, poses … njury, as indicated by reduced muscle weight, lower CMAP amplitude, extended latency, and decreased remyelination and SCs density. These findings underscore the effectiveness of the T2DM rat model in clarifying the impact of leptin KO on SCs apoptosis, dedifferentiation, and demyelination, providing valuable insights into new therapeutic avenues for treating T2 …

Lactoferrin, chitosan double-coated oleosomes loaded with clobetasol propionate for remyelination in multiple sclerosis: Physicochemical characterization and in-vivo assessment in a cuprizone-induced demyelination model.

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the CNS characterized by continuous myelin damage accompanied by deterioration in functions. Clobetasol propionate (CP) is the most potent topical corticosteroid with serious side effects related to systemic absorption. Previous studies introduced CP for remyelination without considering systemic toxicity. This work aimed at fabrication and optimization of double coated nano-oleosomes loaded with CP to achieve brain targeting through intranasal administration. The optimized formulation was coated with lactoferrin and chitos…

Melatonin improves vascular cognitive impairment induced by ischemic stroke by remyelination via activation of ERK1/2 signaling and restoration of glutamatergic synapses in the gerbil hippocampus.

Vascular dementia affects cognition by damaging axons and myelin. Melatonin is pharmacologically associated with various neurological disorders. In this study, effects of melatonin on cognitive impairment and related mechanisms were investigated in an animal model of ischemic vascular dementia (IVD). Melatonin was intraperitoneally administered to adult gerbils after transient global cerebral ischemia (tGCI) for 25 days beginning 5 days after tGCI. Cognitive impairment was examined using a passive avoidance test and the Barnes maze test. To investigate mechanisms of restorative effects by mela

Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy of demyelinating and remyelinating type in children. Ultrastructural and morphometric studies on sural nerve biopsy specimens from ten sporadic cases.

Ten autosomal recessive/sporadic cases of hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type I (HMSN I), nine of which originated from the northern part of Sweden, were included in the study. Parents were free from neurologic symptoms. Motor and sensory conduction velocity was normal when recorded, i.e., in 19 and 17 parents, respectively. Sural nerve biopsies from the ten cases revealed a varying degree of onion bulb formation. In eight of the cases the onion bulbs consisted of abundant basement membranes, whereas the Schwann cells were few and sometimes lacking. There were in some cases considerab

Astragaloside II, природный садонин, облегчает ремимиэлирование в демиэлинговых неврологических заболеваниях с помощью рецептора P75NTR, опосредованного осью сигнала β-катенина/Id2/MBP в клетках-прекурсорах олигодендроцитов.

КОЛИЧЕСТВО: Демиелинация является отличительной чертой неврологических расстройств, таких, как множественный склероз и оптика нейромиелита, что приводит к неврологическим расстройствам. Существующая терапия в первую очередь модифицирует иммунную реакцию, но не позволяет напрямую содействовать ремонту миелина. Расширение дифференциации олигодендроцитов и производства олигодендроцитов (ООП) имеет решающее значение для восстановления целостности миелина.ЦЕЛИ: В рамках этого исследования изучался терапевтический потенциал астрагалосида II (AS-II), биоактивного садонина с нейрозащитными и продиффер

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BACKGROUND: Demyelination is a hallmark of neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica, leading to neurologic … receptor (p75NTR) signaling, a pathway linked to myelin regeneration but underestimated in current remyelination strategies. METHODS: We conducted in vitro OPC differentiation assays and in vivo demyelination models, including cuprizone and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Drug affinity responsive target stability mass spectrometry, cellular thermal …

Differential motor and sensory functional recovery in male but not female adult rats is associated with remyelination rather than axon regeneration after sciatic nerve crush.

Peripheral nerve functional recovery after injuries relies on both axon regeneration and remyelination. Both axon regeneration and remyelination require intimate interactions between regenerating neurons and their accompanying Schwann cells. Previous studies have shown that motor and sensory neurons are intrinsically different in their regeneration potentials. Moreover, denervated Schwann cells accompanying myelinated motor and sensory axons have distinct gene expression profiles for regeneration-associated growth factors. However, it is unknown whether differential motor and sensory functiona…

Long-term demyelination and aging-associated changes in mice corpus callosum; evidence for the role of accelerated aging in remyelination failure in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disorder affecting the central nervous system. Evidence suggests that age-related neurodegeneration contributes to disability progression during the chronic stages of MS. Aging is characterized by decreased regeneration potential and impaired myelin repair in the brain. It is hypothesized that accelerated cellular aging contributes to the functional decline associated with neurodegenerative diseases. We assessed the impact of aging on myelin content in the corpus callosum (CC) and compared aging with the long-term demyelinatio

Exposure levels of anti-LINGO-1 Li81 antibody in the central nervous system and dose-efficacy relationships in rat spinal cord remyelination models after systemic administration.

LINGO-1 (leucine-rich repeat and Ig domain containing NOGO receptor interacting protein-1) is a negative regulator of myelination and repair of damaged axons in the central nervous system (CNS). Blocking LINGO-1 function leads to robust remyelination. The anti-LINGO-1 Li81 antibody is currently being evaluated in clinical trials for multiple sclerosis (MS) and is the first MS therapy that directly targets myelin repair. LINGO-1 is selectively expressed in brain and spinal cord but not in peripheral tissues. Perhaps the greatest concern for Li81 therapy is the limited access of the drug to the …

A hybrid between a resistant and a susceptible strain of mouse alters the pattern of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus-induced white matter disease and favors oligodendrocyte-mediated remyelination.

Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) produces a chronic disease in its natural host, the mouse, characterised by primary inflamma … linated. In general, animals with intermediate levels of susceptibility show the best potential for remyelination. Most crosses of susceptible animals with resistant strains carrying the H-2b haplotype are resistant with only a couple of exceptions. One such exception is the (SJL/J x C57L/J)F1 hybrid, which is susceptible to the disease. To study whether the re …

The mechanism of exosomes of BMSCs modified with Bu Shen Yi Sui capsule in promoting remyelination via regulating miR-15b/Wnt signaling pathway-mediated differentiation of oligodendrocytes.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The Bu Shen Yi Sui capsule (BSYS), a modified version of the classical Chinese medicine formula Liu Wei Di Huang pill, has demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). Nevertheless, the precise mechanism through which BSYS facilitates remyelination remains to be elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY: This research investigates the role and potential mechanisms of BSYS-modified exosomes (exos) derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in promoting remyelination in a cuprizone (CPZ)-induced demyelination model in mice. MATE…

Brain Factor-7® Improves Cognitive Impairment Following Transient Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in Gerbil Forebrain through Promoting Remyelination and Restoring Cholinergic and Glutamatergic Neurotransmission in the Hippocampus.

BACKGROUND: Ischemia and reperfusion injury in the brain triggers cognitive impairment which are accompanied by neuronal death, loss of myel … A1 neurons following tFI/R. However, BF-7® treatment to the ischemic gerbils significantly improved remyelination and proliferation of oligodendrocytes in the hippocampus with ischemic injury. Treatment with BF-7® to the ischemic gerbils significantly restored vesicular acetylcholine transporter-immunoreactive and vesicular glutamate transporter 1-immunoreactiv …