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Clinical Manifestations and Molecular Diagnosis of Scrub Typhus and Murine Typhus, Vietnam, 2015-2017.

Rickettsioses are endemic to Vietnam; however, only a limited number of clinical studies have been performed on these vectorborne bacteria. We conducted a prospective hospital-based study at 2 national referral hospitals in Hanoi to describe the clinical characteristics of scrub typhus and murine typhus in northern Vietnam and to assess the diagnostic applicability of quantitative real-time PCR assays to diagnose rickettsial diseases. We enrolled 302 patients with acute undifferentiated fever and clinically suspected rickettsiosis during March 2015-March 2017. We used a standardized case repor…

Estimating scrub typhus and murine typhus incidence among adolescents and adults in Yangon, Myanmar.

OBJECTIVES: Rickettsioses are frequent causes of treatable febrile illness in Southeast Asia, including Myanmar. Accurate estimates of the i … egion from 12 March through 5 April 2018. Multipliers derived from this survey were then applied to scrub typhus, murine typhus, and spotted fever group rickettsioses infections identified from a study of adolescent and adult community-onset febrile illness done from 5 October 2015 through 4 October 2016 at Yangon General Hospital to estimate disease incidence …

Изменение эпидемиологической структуры тифов групп рикетциоз и скруб тифа в Китае, 1950-2022 годы.

ЦЕЛИ: В 1950-2022 годах мы провели систематический анализ зарегистрированных рикетсиальных заболеваний у людей в Китае. МЕТОДЫ: Мы использовали описательные статистические данные для анализа эпидемиологических характеристик, клинических проявлений и диагностических характеристик тифов групп рикетциоз (ТГР) и скруб тифа (СТ). Результаты: Начиная с 1950-х годов в Китае наблюдаются изменения в показателях заболеваемости ТГР и СТ, при этом наблюдается снижение уровня заболеваемости ТГР и повышение уровня заболеваемости СТ. Юг стал районом с высоким уровнем заболеваемости ТГР, в то время как Север

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
OBJECTIVES: We conducted a systematic analysis of the notifiable rickettsial diseases in humans in China during 1950-2022. METHODS: We utilized descriptive statistics to analyze the epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic characteristics of typhus group rickettsiosis (TGR) and scrub typhus (ST) cases. RESULTS: Since the 195…

Seroprevalence of scrub typhus, murine typhus and spotted fever groups in North Korean refugees.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of antibodies against scrub typhus, murine typhus and spotted fever groups among North Korean refugees within 1 year of their arrival in South Korea. METHODS: We recruited North Korean refugees who had settled in South Korea after a short stay in a third country and did not have any health problems. The antibody titer was measured using a commercial indirect fluorescence assay immunoglobulin G antibody kit. RESULTS: The seroprevalence of antibodies against scrub typhus, murine typhus, and spotted fever groups among the 9…

Scrub Typhus Presenting With Meningoencephalitis and Multiorgan Dysfunction Syndrome.

Scrub typhus is an acute febrile illness endemic in India and remains an important yet often underdiagnosed cause of severe systemic infection. It is caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi and is characterized by endothelial injury leading to widespread vasculitis. We report the case of a 62-year-old male with a history of chronic alcohol use and no known comorbidities, who presented with a short history of fever, myalgia, arthralgia, mild confusion, and gait difficulty. The illness rapidly progressed to scrub typhus septicemia complicated by pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, meningoencephalitis, a…

Pneumonia due to scrub typhus infection: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Scrub typhus is an acute febrile illness caused by the rickettsial bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi, transmitted to humans through infected mite bites. Patients typically present with sudden onset high fever, headache, myalgia, and eschar formation at the site of the bites. Respiratory symptoms, such as cough and shortness of breath, can also occur, especially in severe cases that lead to pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This report presents a case of scrub typhus pneumonia, diagnosed by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) on bronchoalveolar lavage…

Standard operating protocol for Scrub typhus diagnosis and treatment.

Scrub typhus is increasingly recognised as a common cause of acute febrile illness in South and Southeast Asia. A lack of clinical suspicion and delayed diagnosis contribute to a mortality rate of ∼10%. A clinical diagnosis based on seasonal epidemiology, presence of eschar or rash, thrombocytopenia, hepatic or splenic involvement, and multiorgan dysfunction warrants prompt empirical treatment with doxycycline or azithromycin. IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay remains the diagnostic mainstay. Treatment is stratified by severity; dual therapy is recommended in severe, confirmed cases. Most …

Classifying Eschar Morphologies: Enhancing Early Diagnosis of Scrub Typhus.

BACKGROUND: Scrub typhus, a rickettsial disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, presents with diverse clinical manifestations, with eschar formation being a key diagnostic feature. METHODS: In this retrospective study, we analyzed 81 confirmed cases at Jeonbuk National University Hospital between January 2018 and December 2020 to systematically categorize eschar morphology and distribution. RESULTS: Eschars were classified into five types based on their morphology: erythematous macules (2.5%), vesicular (4.9%), erosive/ulcerative (13.6%), crusted (74.1%), and sclerotic (4.9%). The most com…

A scrub typhus vaccine presents a challenging unmet need.

Scrub typhus caused by the obligately intracellular bacterium, Orientia tsutsugamushi, is a major cause of life-threatening acute undifferentiated febrile illness in eastern Asia and the islands of the Western Pacific and Indian oceans. Since the estimation of an incidence of 1 million cases annually two decades ago, the number of cases has increased substantially in endemic regions, reappeared where the disease was forgotten, and spread northward. Trombiculid mites are both reservoir and vector. Despite 80 years of efforts to develop a vaccine, there is none. Protective immunity is mediated b…

Intravenous Doxycycline, Azithromycin, or Both for Severe Scrub Typhus.

BACKGROUND: The appropriate antibiotic treatment for severe scrub typhus, a neglected but widespread reemerging zoonotic infection, is unclear. METHODS: In this multicenter, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial, we compared the efficacy of intravenous doxycycline, azithromycin, or a combination of both in treating severe scrub typhus. Patients who were 15 years of age or older with severe scrub typhus with at least one organ involvement were enrolled. The patients were assigned to receive a 7-day course of intravenous doxycycline, azithromycin, or both (combination therapy). The primary…

Unusual Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Scrub Typhus Encephalitis.

Scrub typhus is an acute febrile illness caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. The diagnosis of scrub typhus relies on the patient's history of exposure, clinical manifestations, and results of serological tests. Our patient had a history of altered sensorium, inability to walk, and macular rashes predominantly distributed over the chest and bilateral upper limbs. Post serological testing, the patient was referred to the radiology department for MRI brain. Radiologically, MRI being a superior modality helps in the evaluation of lesions in depth, helping to simplify the diagnosis of meningitis, scr…

Scrub Typhus Complicated by Rare Human Pathogen Sphingobacterium spiritivorum.

UNLABELLED: Sphingobacterium spiritivorum is a rare cause of human infections worldwide. After reviewing the literature, we could find only eight case reports to date. The majority of cases were of cellulitis and septicemia. Most of these patients were immunocompromised and the recovery rate was lesser. We present a case of a young female diagnosed with scrub typhus complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome who developed septicemia and septic shock due to S. spiritivorum. She was managed with sensitive antibiotic levofloxacin, clinically improved, and discharged in satisfactory condit…

Scrub typhus: A rare cause of secondary nephrotic syndrome.

Scrub typhus is an important etiological agent in acute febrile illness in the post-monsoon season in tropical countries. It leads to dreaded complications if left untreated. Acute kidney injury is one such complication. Malaria, syphilis, and HIV have been associated with secondary nephrotic syndrome in pediatric age group. Scrub typhus has been reported only once with nephrotic syndrome. We report a case of scrub typhus-associated nephrotic syndrome with acute kidney injury in a five-year-old female with uneventful outcome.

Scrub Typhus Outbreak in Chonburi Province, Central Thailand, 2013.

Investigation of a scrub typhus outbreak in Thailand during September 2013 found that 9.1% of Thai soldiers and 11.1% of residents living in areas surrounding training sites had antibodies against the causative agent, Orientia tsutsugamushi. Sequence analysis of O. tsutsugamushi from rodents and chiggers identified 7 genogroups and 3 genotypes.

Risk Factors for Acquiring Scrub Typhus among the Adults.

BACKGROUND: Behavioral and geographical factors may play a role in the acquisition of scrub typhus infection. In this prospective case-control study, we studied the factors associated with infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Consecutive adult patients admitted with scrub typhus infection over 10 months were recruited. For every case, a geographical control from the same area and a gender-matched clinical control admitted with acute febrile illness were enrolled. The risk factors, which included sanitation, environment, activity, and protective measures, were compared between cases and controls u…