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Plasma cell immunoglobulin heavy chain repertoire dynamics before and after tetanus booster vaccination.

Antibody sequence repertoire analysis of plasma cells (PC) isolated before and 1 week after a vaccine provides time-specific snapshots of the antibody response. Comparison of the immunoglobulin (Ig) sequences pre- and post-vaccination allows analysis of maturation over time and identification of antigen specific Ig. Here we compare the Ig heavy chain (Ig-H) repertoire of circulating PCs isolated from 109 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) collected by apheresis 1 week after a tetanus toxoid vaccine booster with the Ig-H repertoire of PCs collected 2 and 11 weeks prior to the booster. A …

Safety and immunogenicity of a toddler dose following an infant series of a hexavalent diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, inactivated poliovirus, Haemophilus influenzae type b, hepatitis B vaccine administered concurrently or at separate visits with a heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.

BACKGROUND: Combination diphtheria-tetanus-5 component acellular pertussis-inactivated poliovirus-Haemophilus influenzae b conjugate-hepatit … lyribosylribitol phosphate capsular polysaccharide, hepatitis B surface antigen, diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid and poliovirus types 1, 2 and 3; and geometric mean titers to all vaccine antigens. Safety endpoints included solicited injection-site reactions and systemic and serious adverse events. RESULTS: Seroresponse/seroprotection rates for all antigens ex …

Safety and immunogenicity of three doses of a Neisseria meningitidis A + C diphtheria conjugate vaccine in infants from Niger.

BACKGROUND: High rates of endemic disease and recurrent epidemics of serogroup A and C meningococcal meningitis continue to occur in sub-Saharan Africa. A meningococcal A + C polysaccharide diphtheria-toxoid-conjugated vaccine may address this issue. METHODS: In Niger three doses of a bivalent meningococcal A + C diphtheria-toxoid-conjugated vaccine (MenD), containing 1, 4 or 16 microg of each polysaccharide per dose, administered at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age, were compared with Haemophilus influenzae type b-tetanus toxoid-conjugated (PRP-T) vaccine given with the same schedule or with a meni…

From Crisis to Cure: The Resilient Recovery of a Patient With Tetanus.

Tetanus is a severe neurological condition triggered by the toxin of Clostridium tetani, resulting in extreme muscle stiffness and spasms. A … he was diagnosed with tetanus. He was managed with IV fluids, antibiotics, tetanus immunoglobulin, tetanus toxoid, and diazepam. This case underscores the importance of early recognition, proper wound care, and immunization for tetanus prevention.

Recurrent generalized tetanus: a case report.

We describe recurrent generalized tetanus in a four-year-old unimmunized boy following recurrent suppurative otitis media (SOM) within an 11-month period. There are not many published reports on recurrent tetanus. We highlight the importance of both primary immunizations and the need for active immunization before discharge as the infection does not confer a lifelong immunity. The usefulness of booster doses of tetanus toxoid and missed opportunities for immunization are emphasized.

Evaluation of synergistic effect of biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles and aluminum based adjuvant for improving vaccine efficacy.

Aluminum based adjuvants have been used widely to induce long lasting protective immunity through vaccination. But reported incidences of toxicity and side effects of aluminum have raised concerns regarding their safety in childhood vaccines. The present study demonstrates the synergistic effect of admixture of polylactic acid-polyethylene glycol (PLA-PEG) based biodegradable nanoparticles (NPs) and aluminum phosphate as a potential adjuvant system using tetanus toxoid (TT) as a model antigen. The immunological activity of the admixture formulation was maintained up to 180 days of storage at 5…

Estimating the uptake of maternal syphilis screening and other antenatal interventions before and after national rollout of syphilis point-of-care testing in Ghana.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the uptake of maternal syphilis and HIV screening, intermittent preventive treatment for malaria, and tetanus toxoid administration in three regions of Ghana, before and after the rollout of syphilis point-of-care tests (POCTs). METHODS: Antenatal register records were reviewed in 15 selected health facilities over an eight-month period, 16 months apart. Register records had been evaluated using the maternal record booklets as a gold standard in a separate prior survey. RESULTS: In the evaluation study, the sensitivity of register data was low, ranging from 33.3% for te…

Vaccination coverage among children enrolled in Head Start programs and licensed child care centers and entering school--United States and selected reporting areas, 1999-2000 school year.

Undervaccinated children enrolled in child care centers and schools are vulnerable to outbreaks of vaccine-preventable disease. One of the n … c vaccines: > or = 3 doses of poliovirus vaccine, > or = 3 tetanus containing doses (diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine [DTaP]), diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (DT), or tetanus toxoids (Td), and 1 dose each of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccines forthe September 1999-June 2000 school year. Results indicate that among reporting progra …

[Orbital penetrating wound by a bull horn].

INTRODUCTION: Bull horn injuries are severe lesions with a high risk of bacterial contamination, and are common in countries where people are fond of bullfighting and related spectacles. CASE REPORT: A 19-year-old man was referred with a penetrating wound in the superior left eyelid produced by a bull horn and resulting in a fracture of the orbital roof and a fat hernia. Prophylactic antibiotics and tetanus toxoid were administered and surgical reconstruction of the wound performed. Orbital cellulitis did develop, but this responded to systemic antibiotic therapy within a few days. DISCUSSIO…

Interaction of human thymus-derived and non-thymus-derived lymphocytes in vitro. Induction of proliferation and antibody synthesis in B lymphocytes by a soluble factor released from antigen-stimulated T lymphocytes.

Relatively pure populations of human T and B lymphocytes were obtained from blood and tonsils using density gradient centrifugation in bovine serum albumin. Antigen alone was incapable of triggering the B lymphocyte into blast transformation or to secrete antibody. However, supernatants from tetanus toxoid-stimulated T cells obtained from immune donors contained a factor mitogenic for B lymphocytes. 50-60% of B cells responded to this lymphocyte mitogenic factor (LMF) by proliferation, loss of C3 reactivity, and change to a secretory state. LMF-stimulated B cells exhibited a three- to fivefold…

Childhood immunizations. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.

all children without established contraindications should receive diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP), oral poliovirus (OPV), measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) and conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines in accordance with recommended schedules. A tetanus-diphtheria toxoid (Td) booster should be administered at 14 to 16 years of age and every ten years thereafter.

Kinrix: новая комбинированная вакцина DTaP-IPV для детей в возрасте 4-6 лет.

Комбинационные вакцины позволяют производить несколько антигенов вакцин без необходимости многократных инъекций. Недавно в США была выдана лицензия на использование комбинированного токсина дифтерии, токсина столбняка, клеточного коклюша и неактивированной вакцины против полиомиелита (DTaP-IPV) в качестве пятой дозы DTaP и четвертой дозы IPV у детей в возрасте 4-6 лет. Клинические испытания показали, что Кинрикс иммуногенен у детей в возрасте 4-6 лет, и его характеристики безопасности сопоставимы с характеристиками отдельных прививок DTaP и IPV. Использование Kinrix сокращает на одного число и

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Combination vaccines allow the administration of multiple vaccine antigens without the need for multiple injections. Recently, a combined diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, acellular pertussis and inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine (DTaP-IPV), Kinrix, has been licensed in the USA for use as the fifth DTaP dose and fourth IPV dose in children 4-6 years of age.…

Tetanus in California; epidemiology and a review of 232 cases.

A study was made of records of the 232 reported cases of tetanus in California, from 1953 through 1958. Cases occurred in 30 of California's … r cent at the place of employment.Ninety-one per cent of the patients had never been immunized with tetanus toxoid, or if they had been immunized, had not received the booster injections necessary to maintain effective immunity. Nine per cent gave a history of having had one or more injections of tetanus toxoid within five years.

Determinants of neonatal mortality in central Sudan.

A follow-up study was conducted in six community health centres during the period April 1989 to March 1990 to determine the risk factors which influence neonatal survival in central Sudan. The estimated neonatal mortality rate ranged between 20.0 and 36.0 per 1000 live births per year, and the major cause of death was tetanus neonatorum (29% of neonatal deaths). The mortality rate was lowest when tetanus toxoid was received during pregnancy and the umbilical cord was cleaned by a modern hygienic method (mortality rate of 11 per 1000). In contrast, the mortality rate was highest when no tetanus…

Safety evaluation of a potent tetanus vaccine (250 Lf) in guinea pigs (Cavia procellus).

A subacute toxicity study of a potent tetanus toxoid (250 Lf) was carried out in guinea pigs. The toxoid was injected subcutaneously at the nape of the neck at dose levels of 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 ml in Groups II, III, and IV, respectively. In the controls (Group I) 2.0 ml of aluminum phosphate suspension was given in each injection. Periodic evaluations of body weight, food/water intake, general observable behavior, hematology, and blood chemistry in toxoid-injected guinea pigs were similar to those in control guinea pigs. Thus, the toxoid did not cause any side effects up to four times the dose …

Dupilumab does not affect correlates of vaccine-induced immunity: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial in adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis.

BACKGROUND: The impact of dupilumab, an anti-interleukin (IL) 4 receptor α antibody that inhibits IL-4 and IL-13 signaling, on vaccine responses of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) is unknown. OBJECTIVES: To assess T-cell-dependent and T-cell-independent humoral immune responses to tetanus and meningococcal vaccines, IgE seroconversion to tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccination, and dupilumab efficacy and safety. METHODS: In a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study (NCT02210780), adults with moderate-to-severe AD received dupilu…

Factors that influence parental vaccination decisions for adolescents, 13 to 17 years old: National Immunization Survey-Teen, 2010.

OBJECTIVES: We aim to describe factors that influence parental decisions to vaccinate their adolescents. METHODS: Data from the July to December 2010 National Immunization Survey-Teen Parental Concerns Module were analyzed to determine factors that influence parental decisions to vaccinate their adolescents. RESULTS: Parents reported that their adolescent's health care provider recommended tetanus toxoid/tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Td/Tdap; 74.4%), meningococcal conjugate (MenACWY; 60.3%), and human papillomavirus (HPV; 71.3%). Vaccination coverage est…

Tetanus complicating snakebite in northern Nigeria: clinical presentation and public health implications.

BACKGROUND: There is inequality in vaccination coverage, and adult farmers in tropical rural communities could have missed tetanus toxoid as campaigns target children. Snakebite is not uncommon and partly because of lack of effective antivenom, management in inaccessible areas could be complicated with tetanus in unimmunized victims. PATIENTS AND RESULTS: Four snakebite victims who developed tetanus were seen in northern Nigeria. Three were bitten while farming and patients took 10-25 days before presenting to hospital. All patients had incised bite sites and applied local medicinal herbs and…

Alternative diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough immunization schedule to evoke a Th2 tetanus and a Th1 pertussis immune response.

In a previous study, using BALB/c mice, we found that while diphtheria (D), tetanus (T) and whooping cough (Pw, whole-cell Bordetella pertus … vitro with B. pertussis produced IL-6 and IFNgamma. Only IL-5 was produced by cells in response to tetanus toxoid stimulation. These results are in line with the low IgG1/IgG2a ratio for pertussis antibodies compared with those corresponding to tetanus and diphtheria. The immunization protocol presented herein succeeded in producing tetanus and pertussis immune …

Tetanus Vaccination 2020 and Collateral Protections against Pertussis and Diphtheria.

Tetanus is a life-threatening but vaccine-preventable disease caused by the toxin of the bacterium Clostridium tetani and is characterized by muscle spasms and autonomic nervous system dysfunction. It is prevented through vaccination with tetanus toxoid, but because the causative agent is widespread in the environment, eradication is impossible. Therefore, efforts to reduce incidence are aimed at reaching elimination, rather than eradication. This article reviews the pathogenesis, clinical manifestation and treatment of tetanus, and summarizes all recommendations from CDC's Advisory Committee …