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Infections in Hospitalized Cancer Patients.

Cancer patients are at an increased risk of developing infections that are primarily treatment-driven but may also be malignancy-driven. While cancer treatments such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery have been known to improve malignancy morbidity and mortality, they also have the potential to weaken immune defenses and induce periods of severe cytopenia. These adverse effects pave the way for opportunistic infections to complicate a hospitalized cancer patient's clinical course. Understanding the risk each patient inherently has for developing a bacterial, fungal, or viral infection

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… While more studies are needed to determine the optimal therapy for VRE bacteremia; daptomycin and linezolid are currently the most widely used antimicrobials for this condition [ 38 ]. … Systematic review and meta-analysis of linezolid and daptomycin for treatment of vancomycin-resistant enterococcal bloodstream infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013;57(10):5013–5018. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00714-13. 39. Lee JH, Kim SK, Kim SK, Han SB, Lee JW, Lee DG, Chung NG. et al. …

Drug Repurposing Approaches towards Defeating Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens: Novel Polymyxin/Non-Antibiotic Combinations.

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative pathogens remain an unmet public health threat. In recent times, increased rates of resistance have been reported not only to commonly used antibiotics, but also to the last-resort antibiotics, such as polymyxins. More worryingly, despite the current trends in resistance, there is a lack of new antibiotics in the drug-discovery pipeline. Hence, it is imperative that new strategies are developed to preserve the clinical efficacy of the current antibiotics, particularly the last-line agents. Combining conventional antibiotics such as polymyxins with non-an

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… One notable antibiotic combination that was approved by the FDA to treat MDR-tuberculosis infections was the bedaquiline, pretomanid and linezolid cocktail [ 19 , 20 ]. … Linezolid: A promising option in the treatment of Gram-positives J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2017 72 354 364 10.1093/jac/dkw450 27999068 23. Sarathy J.P. Gruber G. Dick T. …

Unraveling the Anti-Cancer Mechanisms of Antibiotics: Current Insights, Controversies, and Future Perspectives.

Cancer persists as a significant global health challenge, claiming millions of lives annually despite remarkable strides in therapeutic innovation. Challenges such as drug resistance, toxicity, and suboptimal efficacy underscore the need for novel treatment paradigms. In this context, the repurposing of antibiotics as anti-cancer agents has emerged as an attractive prospect for investigation. Diverse classes of antibiotics have exhibited promising anti-cancer properties in both in vitro and in vivo studies. These mechanisms include the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, generation o

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… Linezolid, an oxazolidinone-class antibiotic, effectively inhibited the growth of colon cancer cells and induced apoptosis when combined with oxaliplatin. This activity was attributed to mitochondrial dysfunction caused by linezolid, leading to increased ROS in CSCs [ 26 ]. … Furthermore, linezolid exhibited potential against prostate, breast, and gallbladder cancer cell lines in vitro. Its pro-apoptotic effects were associated with the downregulation of anti-apoptotic genes such as Bcl-xL and Bcl-2 and the inhibition of the Akt signaling pathway. …

Prophylaxis, diagnosis and therapy of infections in patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy and autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. 2020 update of the recommendations of the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society of Hematology and Medical Oncology (DGHO).

To ensure the safety of high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (HDC/ASCT), evidence-based recommendations on infectious complications after HDC/ASCT are given. This guideline not only focuses on patients with haematological malignancies but also addresses the specifics of HDC/ASCT patients with solid tumours or autoimmune disorders. In addition to HBV and HCV, HEV screening is nowadays mandatory prior to ASCT. For patients with HBs antigen and/or anti-HBc antibody positivity, HBV nucleic acid testing is strongly recommended for 6 months after HDC/ASCT or for the durati

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… In patients with known colonization by VRE, addition of linezolid was not beneficial [ 90 , 91 ]. The administration of antimicrobial agents active against MRSA or ESBL-producing Gram-negative bacteria is recommended with marginal strength in case of colonization with these pathogens. … Empiric use of linezolid in febrile hematology and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients colonized with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. Int J Infect Dis. 2015;33:171–176. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2015.02.001. 91. …

Abstracts for NAPCON 2025

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Clinical outcomes of antimicrobial resistance in cancer patients: a systematic review of multivariable models.

BackgroundInfections are major causes of disease in cancer patients and pose a major obstacle to the success of cancer care. The global rise of antimicrobial resistance threatens to make these obstacles even greater and hinder continuing progress in cancer care. To prevent and handle such infections, better models of clinical outcomes building on current knowledge are needed. This internally funded systematic review (PROSPERO registration: CRD42021282769) aimed to review multivariable models of resistant infections/colonisations and corresponding mortality, what risk factors have been investig

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… The terms covering antibiotics were variations of piperacillin/tazobactam, meticillin/methicillin, cephalosporin, carbapenem, aminoglycoside, gentamicin, amikacin, fluoroquinolone, linezolid, vancomycin, echinocandin, azole, colistin. … Folan SA Marx KR Tverdek FP Raad I Mulanovich VE Tarrand JJ Clinical Outcomes Associated With Linezolid Resistance in Leukemia Patients With Linezolid-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis Bacteremia Open Forum Infect Dis 2018 5 ofy167 10.1093/ofid/ofy167 30090838 PMC6061807 109. …

Prophylaxis and Empirical Therapy of Infection in Cancer Patients

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Community-acquired pneumonia

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… For that reason, it may be necessary to add clindamycin to vancomycin or to use linezolid, with rifampin (rifampicin) in severe illness, since both of these latter agents can inhibit toxin production. 27 Patients with HCAP are a heterogeneous group, with some at risk for MDR Gram-negatives and MRSA, … For these patients, the therapy should be with an aminoglycoside (amikacin, gentamicin or tobramycin) plus an antipseudomonal β-lactam (cefepime, imipenem, meropenem or piperacillin-tazobactam) plus linezolid or vancomycin 2, 16 (see Chapter 28 for management of nosocomial pneumonia). …

Solitary Cervical Plasmacytoma Presenting as Acute Quadriparesis Following a Recent Cerebral Infarct: A Case Report.

Solitary plasmacytoma of bone (SPB) is a rare plasma-cell neoplasm that can cause acute neurological compromise, especially when involving the cervical spine. We report a 59-year-old male with a recent right hemispheric hemorrhagic infarct who developed rapidly progressive quadriparesis and urinary retention 15 days later. Neurological examination showed spastic quadriparesis with a C5 sensory level. MRI and CT revealed a pathological C4-C5 wedge compression fracture with cord compression. Emergency anterior C4-C5 corpectomy with fusion was performed. Intraoperative tissue culture grew Staphyl

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… This was considered to represent a true superimposed infection rather than contamination, and intravenous vancomycin was administered, which was later changed to oral linezolid and given for a total duration of six weeks. …

Acute Pneumonia

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Safety of bloodless autologous stem cell transplantation in Jehovah's Witness patients.

Due to the curative potential and improvement in progression-free survival (PFS), high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is considered the standard of care for several hematologic malignancies, such as multiple myeloma, and lymphomas. ASCT typically involves support with blood product transfusion. Thus, difficulties arise when Jehovah's Witness patients refuse blood transfusions. In order to demonstrate the safety of performing "bloodless" ASCT (BL-ASCT), we performed a retrospective analysis of 66 Jehovah's Witnesses patients who underwent BL-ASCT and 1

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… with ascorbic acid 100 mg PO TID a Fall and bleeding precautions Cessation of menses (e.g. medroxyprogesterone 10 mg daily) No NSAIDs or aspirin G-CSF following completion of chemotherapy and transplant Aggressive treatment of fever with acetaminophen Avoid myelosuppressive antibiotics (e.g., bactrim, linezolid … with ascorbic acid 100 mg PO TID a Fall and bleeding precautions Cessation of menses (e.g. medroxyprogesterone 10 mg daily) No NSAIDs or aspirin G-CSF following completion of chemotherapy and transplant Aggressive treatment of fever with acetaminophen Avoid myelosuppressive antibiotics (e.g., bactrim, linezolid …

Psychiatric Symptoms after H1N1 Influenza Treated with Baloxavir Marboxil in Two Patients with Hematologic Malignancies.

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… Management included a single oral dose of Baloxavir marboxil (80mg), along with meropenem, linezolid, and posaconazole for infection control. Furosemide and isosorbide dinitrate were administered for heart failure. Antineoplastic therapy was temporarily withheld. …

Impact of Adding a Rapid PCR-Based Blood Culture Identification Panel to the Antimicrobial Stewardship Program of Patients with Febrile Neutropenia in a Peruvian Referral Hospital.

The addition of Biofire® FilmArray® Blood Culture Identification panel 2 (BCID2) to the antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) could improve outcomes in bloodstream infections (BSI) of patients with febrile neutropenia (FN). A pre- and post-quasi-experimental single-center study was conducted at a reference hospital in Peru. Three groups were considered: patients with BSI before ASP intervention (control group), patients with BSI after ASP intervention (group 1), and patients with BSI after ASP intervention plus BCID2 PCR Panel implementation (group 2). Overall, 93 patients were identified (3

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… After ASP intervention and BCID2, one case of Enterococcus faecium with vancomycin resistance (van A/van B gene) and linezolid resistance was detected (report from VITEK-2 automated system) ( Table 4 ). Table 4 Antibiotic resistance profiles of bacterial and fungal bloodstream infections. … . **** Resistant to linezolid and the detection of gen van A/van B. Parameter | Before ASP Intervention | After ASP Intervention | After ASP Intervention Plus BCID2 Blood culture pathogens | Staphylococcus spp. …

Medicine manipulation: An alternative to mitigate therapeutic gaps in the Brazilian Unified Health System?

Despite the various initiatives carried out in Brazil and in the world, the challenge of offering essential medicines in adequate presentations remains, especially to the public affected by diseases considered neglected and the pediatric population, for whom the therapeutic options remain limited. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the production of manipulated medicines as a strategy to mitigate therapeutic and access gaps to essential medicines within the Brazilian public health system, called the Unified Health System (SUS). The evaluation, carried out between 2020 and 2021, i

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… It is noteworthy that of those presentations that do not have a standard formula described, nine are indicated for diseases related to poverty, such as Linezolid oral solution, used in the treatment of resistant tuberculosis, and Praziquantel oral solution, indicated in cases of schistosomiasis. … Penicillamine | 250 mg/ 5 mL Oral solution | Wilson’s disease; Cystinuria; Antidote for heavy metal poisoning (chelating agent for mercury, nickel, lead, arsenic and copper). | Infantile Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) | 1 mg/mL Oral solution | Prevention of drug-induced peripheral neuropathy (such as isoniazid, linezolid …

Epigenetic Dysregulation in Neurodegeneration: The Role of Histone Deacetylases and Emerging Inhibitor Strategies.

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD) are characterized by complex pathologies with progressive neurodegeneration, protein misfolding, oxidative stress, and persistent inflammation. Recent findings indicate the pivotal involvement of epigenetic disruption, particularly aberrant histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, in disease initiation and progression. In the current review, we systematically discuss the mechanistic function of HDACs across all classes (I, IIa, IIb, III, and IV) in neurodegenerative disease mechanis

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… In line with this rationale, Chen et al. (2025) presented an approach to combat glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) by repurposing the antibiotic linezolid into a brain-penetrable histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, named compound 38 [ 168 ]. … The rationale stemmed from linezolid’s well-established ability to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB), with penetration rates reaching over 70% in CNS infections. …

Combination of MCL-1 and BCL-2 inhibitors is a promising approach for a host-directed therapy for tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB) accounts for 1.6 million deaths annually and over 25% of deaths due to antimicrobial resistance. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) drives MCL-1 expression (family member of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins) to limit apoptosis and grow intracellularly in human macrophages. The feasibility of re-purposing specific MCL-1 and BCL-2 inhibitors to limit M.tb growth, using inhibitors that are in clinical trials and FDA-approved for cancer treatment has not be tested previously. We show that specifically inhibiting MCL-1 and BCL-2 induces apoptosis of M.tb-infected macrophages, and mark

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… The antibiotic moxifloxacin (MX) was purchased from Selleckchem, and linezolid (LNZ) and cycloserine (CS) were purchased from Sigma. M.tb growth assays Intracellular growth Intracellular growth was assayed with two approaches. … For example, moxifloxacin (MX) and linezolid (LNZ) limit M.tb growth in murine models, but do not exhibit promising clinical efficacy at non-toxic concentrations in people [ 50 ]. …

Mutations in immunodeficiency-related genes may increase the risk of infection after CAR-T-cell therapy: a report of two cases.

BackgroundChimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR-T) has yielded unprecedented efficacy in B-cell malignancies. With the increasing use of CAR-T-cell therapy, infection has become one of the major concerns after CAR-T-cell infusion. Some patients even develop refractory or recurrent infections, posing challenges in treatment, prophylactic, and monitoring strategies. However, the mechanisms underlying the development of these infections were not clear.Case presentationWe report two cases of infection after CAR-T-cell therapy. Patient 1, diagnosed with multiple myeloma, received anti-B-cel

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… Antibiotics and antifungals such as linezolid, tigecycline, meropenem, and voriconazole were given. He was not discharged until 2 months later. Since then, the patient had been hospitalized another four times because of recurrent severe pulmonary infections. …

The Benefit of Telemonitoring in the Prevention of Septic Shock in a Patient with Aggressive Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma.

Telemonitoring is a great tool for vital signs monitoring in patients at high risk of severe life-threatening infections, such as haemato-oncological patients. As it can detect early symptoms of an infection, it allows early reaction and, therefore, can help prevent the progression of the infection into severe sepsis. We present a case report of a 69-year-old patient with aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma undergoing intensive immunochemotherapy. The treatment was complicated by two episodes of Gram-negative bacterial (G-) infection. During the first episode, the patient was admitted to the hospi

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… 2.05 | mmol/L | pO2 | 4.18 | Phosphorus | 0.73 | mmol/L | HCO3 | 16 | kPa Magnesium | 0.75 | mmol/L | BE | −9.8 | kPa Considering the recent antibiotic therapy and the presence of multidrug resistant bacteria in recent cultivation, broad-spectrum antibiotics were administered immediately (meropenem, linezolid …

Antibiotics: Conventional Therapy and Natural Compounds with Antibacterial Activity-A Pharmaco-Toxicological Screening.

Antibiotics are considered as a cornerstone of modern medicine and their discovery offers the resolution to the infectious diseases problem. However, the excessive use of antibiotics worldwide has generated a critical public health issue and the bacterial resistance correlated with antibiotics inefficiency is still unsolved. Finding novel therapeutic approaches to overcome bacterial resistance is imperative, and natural compounds with antibacterial effects could be considered a promising option. The role played by antibiotics in tumorigenesis and their interrelation with the microbiota are sti

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… Within the synthetically derived antibiotics there was minimal diversity; the novel antibiotics belonged to the quinolone and oxazolidinone (linezolid—the first member synthetized) classes [ 14 ]. The timeline of antibiotic development is shown in Figure 1 . … Figure 4 depicts binding interactions of azithromycin, clindamycin, quinupristin and linezolid in complex with the 50S large ribosomal subunit [ 31 , 32 ]. Other classes of antibiotics such as aminoglycosides or tetracyclines share a similar protein synthesis inhibition mechanism of action. …

Acute interstitial nephritis - a reappraisal and update.

Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) is an under recognized and under diagnosed cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). It is estimated to account for 15 - 20% of cases of AKI; it is the reported diagnosis in 2.8% of all kidney biopsies, and 13.5% of biopsies done specifically for acute renal failure. Considerable evidence implicates antigen initiated cell-mediated injury in the pathogenesis of AIN. Drugs account for 70% of all cases, with over 150 different agents incriminated. The remaining cases are due to infections, autoimmune diseases, and rarely idiopathic. The central component of renal inju

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… , cefaclor, cefamandole, cefotaxime, cefotetan, cefoperazone, cefoxitin, ceftriaxone, cephalothin, cephalexin, cephradine, cephaloridine, cephapirin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, dimethoxyphenylpenicilloyl, doxycycline, erythromycin, ethambutol, flurithromycin, indinavir, levofloxacin, lincomycin, linezolid … , cefaclor, cefamandole, cefotaxime, cefotetan, cefoperazone, cefoxitin, ceftriaxone, cephalothin, cephalexin, cephradine, cephaloridine, cephapirin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, dimethoxyphenylpenicilloyl, doxycycline, erythromycin, ethambutol, flurithromycin, indinavir, levofloxacin, lincomycin, linezolid …