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Live-Attenuated Intranasal RSV Vaccine in Infants and Toddlers.

BACKGROUND: RSV/ΔNS2/Δ1313/I1314L (RSVt) (Sanofi) is a candidate live-attenuated intranasal respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine for infants and toddlers. METHODS: This phase I/II randomized clinical trial, conducted at sites in the United States (N=22), Chile (N=2), and Honduras (N=2), enrolled participants 6-18 months of age in four cohorts. In cohort 4, the primary cohort reported in this article, participants were randomly assigned to receive vaccinations on days 0 and 56 of either low-dose (LD) RSVt, high-dose (HD) RSVt, or placebo. Primary safety end points included: unsolicited sy…

Padel related injuries: prevalence and characteristics in chilean amateur players - a cross sectional analytic study.

BACKGROUND: Padel is a rapidly growing racket sport worldwide. As its popularity increases, there is a need to better understand padel-related injuries. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of injuries in amateur padel players. METHODS: A Cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in padel players in southern Chile, aged 18 years or older who competed in amateur padel leagues. Data were collected through an online self-report survey between August 2023 and December 2023. Socio-demographic characteristics and padel-related injuries in the previous six months wer…

На пути к поиску клинических и когнитивных переменных, влияющих на занятость в LATAM: многоцентральное исследование.

В связи с ростом уровня безработицы среди лиц с множественным склерозом (PwMS) и плохими условиями труда в Латинской Америке (LATAM) эксперты МЗ учредили рабочую группу по вопросам качества жизни. Цель этого исследования заключается в следующем: i) описывать результаты профессиональной деятельности и статус занятости в ЛАТАМ; ii) изучить взаимосвязь между различными уровнями инвалидности и ES; и iii) дать количественную оценку использования жилья и изучить потенциальные клинические, когнитивные и социально-демографические прогнозы занятости в ЛАТАМ.МЕТОДЫ: Из Аргентины, Колумбии, Мексики, Пара

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: In response to rising unemployment rates among people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) and poor working conditions in Latin Americ … dictors of job accommodations in LATAM. METHODS: A total of 86 PwMS were recruited from Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Paraguay, of whom 79 (91%) had a relapsing-remitting phenotype and 61 (70.9%) were women. The assessment protocol included the Brief Visual Memory Scale (BVMS), the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS), the …

Relationship between COVID-19 cases and monthly mortality from all causes, cancer, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes in 16 countries, 2020-21.

BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, mortality from some chronic diseases increased. In this study, we evaluated monthly excess mortali … es that provided monthly national data on causes of death (Argentina, Austria, Brazil, Switzerland, Chile, the Czech Republic, Germany, Georgia, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Latvia, Mexico, Serbia, Slovakia and the USA). A positive correlation was found between COVID-19 cases and monthly excess mortality from all causes in all countries (rs ranging from 0 …

Differences between Myeloschisis and Myelomeningocele in Patients Undergoing Prenatal Repair of Open Spina Bifida.

INTRODUCTION: Open spina bifida (OSB) manifests as myelomeningocele (MMC) or myeloschisis (MS). Both lesions theoretically leak cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and produce different degrees of Chiari II malformation (CHMII). However, it is not entirely clear whether these forms of OSB have different clinical manifestations. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and/or radiological differences between MS and MMC in patients who underwent prenatal OSB repair. METHODS: A total of 71 prenatal repairs were performed with the open technique at the Public Hospital of Rancagua, Chile, between 2012 and …

Global trends and projections of occupational trichloroethylene (TCE) exposure-associated kidney cancer: Insights of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021 from 1990 to 2021 and prediction to 2050.

BACKGROUND: Exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE) in occupations is associated with an increased risk of kidney cancer (KC). However, there is … in middle to high-middle SDI regions, especially in Southern Latin America (Uruguay, Argentina, and Chile). Over 32 years, the burden of occupational TCE exposure-associated KC has gradually increased, with projections indicating continued growth to 2050, particularly among males and individuals aged 50-79. Regions like high-middle SDI areas, North Amer …

Case report: Unveiling a less severe congenital nephrotic syndrome in a Rapa Nui patient with a NPHS1 Maori founder variant.

BACKGROUND: Congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS) is a severe kidney disorder characterized by edema, massive proteinuria, and hypoalbuminemia … o-creatinine ratio (UPCR) 433.33, and hypoalbuminemia (0.9 g/dL). She was transferred to a mainland Chilean hospital following CNS diagnosis. Viral screening detected cytomegalovirus (CMV) positivity in both blood and urine. A kidney biopsy revealed interstitial nephritis and diffuse podocyte damage and the tissue PCR resulted negative for CMV. Intervie …

Non-pharmacological prevention of postoperative delirium by occupational therapy teams: A randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Patients who develop postoperative delirium (POD) have several clinical complications, such as increased morbidity, increased ho … -blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted between October 2018 and April 2021, in Santiago of Chile, at a university hospital and at a public hospital. Patients older than 75 years undergoing elective major surgery were eligible for the trial inclusion. Patients with cognitive impairment, severe communication disorder and cultural language limitat …

Clinical outcomes and prognostic factors in patients with optic neuritis related to NMOSD and MOGAD in distinct ethnic groups from Latin America.

BACKGROUND: Optic neuritis (ON) can be an initial manifestation of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) associated with aquaporin … : We conducted a retrospective observational multicenter study in patients from Argentina (n = 61), Chile (n = 18), Ecuador (n = 27), Brazil (n = 30), Venezuela (n = 10) and Mexico (n = 49) with MOGAD or NMOSD related ON. Predictors of disability outcomes at last follow-up, namely visual disability (Visual Functional System Score ≥4), motor disability ( …

Tillandsia landbeckii phyllosphere and laimosphere as refugia for bacterial life in a hyperarid desert environment.

BACKGROUND: The lack of water is a major constraint for microbial life in hyperarid deserts. Consequently, the abundance and diversity of mi … sia landbeckii (Bromeliaceae) plants, which occur in the hyperarid regions of the Atacama Desert in Chile, one of the driest and oldest deserts on Earth. RESULTS: We detected clear differences between the bacterial communities being plant associated to those of the bare soil surface (PERMANOVA, R2 = 0.187, p = 0.001), indicating that Tillandsia plants …

Genetic determinism and hemispheric influence in hair whorl formation.

BACKGROUND: The mechanisms determining the laterality and the rotation direction of hair whorls are unknown. Here we report observations on twins investigating the genetic bases of whorl pattern formation. Knowing that vortex phenomena may depend on geographic effects, we also provide comparative data on whorls from children born in the Northern hemisphere (France) versus children born in the Southern hemisphere (Chile). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively included children from three populations: (1) Northern hemisphere general population, (2) Southern hemisphere general population, and…

Characterising COVID-19 empirical research production in Latin America and the Caribbean: A scoping review.

INTRODUCTION: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID19) pandemic has struck Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) particularly hard. One of the … population of Brazil (54.6%), Mexico (19.1%), Colombia (11.2%), Argentina (10.4%), Peru (10.3%) and Chile (10%), while Caribbean countries concentrated 15.3%. The methodologies most used were cross-sectional studies (34.7%), simulation models (17.5%) and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (13.6%). Using a modified version of WHO's COVID-19 Coordinated …

Recent aspects on epidemiology, clinical disease, and genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii infections in Australasian marsupials.

BACKGROUND: Toxoplasma gondii infections are common in humans and animals worldwide. Among all intermediate hosts of T. gondii, captive mars … . RESULTS: Fatal toxoplasmosis has been diagnosed in captive Australasian marsupials in Argentina, Chile, China, Germany, Hungary, Japan, Spain, Turkey, and the USA. Most deaths occurred because of disseminated toxoplasmosis. Genetic characterization of T. gondii strains isolated from fatal marsupial infections identified Type III as well as atypical, …

Role of tumour location and surgical extent on prognosis in T2 gallbladder cancer: an international multicentre study.

BACKGROUND: In gallbladder cancer, stage T2 is subdivided by tumour location into lesions on the peritoneal side (T2a) or hepatic side (T2b) … ents who underwent surgery for gallbladder cancer were collected from 14 hospitals in Korea, Japan, Chile and the USA. Survival and risk factor analyses were conducted. RESULTS: Data from 937 patients were available for evaluation. The overall 5-year disease-free survival rate was 70·6 per cent, 74·5 per cent for those with T2a and 65·5 per cent among …

Progression of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Throughout Latin America and the Caribbean: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is increasing in Latin America. We performed a systematic review to id … tients with UC (4.5% of all patients were treated in 2014). Surgery for IBD decreased with time. In Chile, surgeries were performed on 57.0% of patients with CD and 18.0% of patients with UC during the period of 1990-2002; these values decreased to 38.0% and 5.0%, respectively, during the period of 2012-2015. In Peru, 6.9% of patients with UC received c …

Incidence of Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) in Latin America and the Caribbean before and during the 2015-2016 Zika virus epidemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: A severe neurological disorder, Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is the leading cause of acute flaccid paralysis. Enhanced surveill … inclusion. Background annual GBS IRs in Latin America ranged from 0.40 in Brazil to 2.12/100,000 in Chile. The pooled annual IR in the Caribbean was 1.64 (95% CI 1.29-2.12, I2<0.01, p = 0.44). During the ZIKV epidemic, GBS IRs ranged from 0.62 in Mexico to 9.35/100,000 in Martinique. GBS increased 2.6 (95% CI 2.3-2.9) times during ZIKV and 1.9 (95% CI 1 …

Two new species of Acanthocotyle Monticelli, 1888 (Monogenea: Acanthocotylidae), parasites of two deep-sea skates (Elasmobranchii: Rajiformes) in the South-East Pacific.

BACKGROUND: Parasites of deep-sea fishes from the South-East Pacific (SPO) are poorly known. Of c.1030 species of fish found in this area, 1 … (Krefft) and Bathyraja peruana McEachran & Myyake, caught at c.1500 m depth off Tocopilla, northern Chile, as a by-catch of the Patagonian tooth fish Dissostichus eleginoides Smitt fishery. Specimens of Acanthocotyle were collected from the skin of the skates. Morphometric (including multivariate analysis of proportional measurements, standardized by to …

Mental disorders and mental health symptoms during imprisonment: A three-year follow-up study.

BACKGROUND: Data on the course of mental disorders during imprisonment are scarce. Longitudinal studies from high-income Western countries point to improvements of symptoms over time. The aim of the present study was to assess mental disorders and symptoms three years after baseline evaluation at imprisonment and to determine predictors of change in a South American prison context. METHODS: Consecutively admitted prisoners in Santiago de Chile were assessed at intake and reassessed after three years using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview and the Symptom-Check-List 90 Revised …

Antibody persistence and booster response in adolescents and young adults 4 and 7.5 years after immunization with 4CMenB vaccine.

BACKGROUND: Data on duration of protection against invasive meningococcal disease post-vaccination with the recombinant, 4-component, mening … da, Australia (group Primed_4y) 4 years post-priming with 4CMenB (2 doses; 0,1-month schedule), and Chile (Primed_7.5y) 7.5 years after priming with 4CMenB (2 doses; 0,1/0,2/0,6-month schedule) and vaccine-naïve participants of similar age (Naïve_4y and Naïve_7.5y groups). Primed participants received a booster dose; vaccine-naïve participants received …

Muscular MRI-based algorithm to differentiate inherited myopathies presenting with spinal rigidity.

OBJECTIVES: Inherited myopathies are major causes of muscle atrophy and are often characterized by rigid spine syndrome, a clinical feature designating patients with early spinal contractures. We aim to present a decision algorithm based on muscular whole body magnetic resonance imaging (mWB-MRI) as a unique tool to orientate the diagnosis of each inherited myopathy long before the genetically confirmed diagnosis. METHODS: This multicentre retrospective study enrolled 79 patients from referral centres in France, Brazil and Chile. The patients underwent 1.5-T or 3-T mWB-MRI. The protocol compr…