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Smart Targeting To Improve Cancer Therapeutics.

Cancer is the second largest cause of death worldwide with the number of new cancer cases predicted to grow significantly in the next decades. Biotechnology and medicine can and should work hand-in-hand to improve cancer diagnosis and treatment efficacy. However, success has been frequently limited, in particular when treating late-stage solid tumors. There still is the need to develop smart and synergistic therapeutic approaches to achieve the synthesis of strong and effective drugs and delivery systems. Much interest has been paid to the development of smart drug delivery systems (drug-loade

A review on Gaucher disease: therapeutic potential of β-glucocerebrosidase-targeted mRNA/saRNA approach.

Gaucher disease (GD), a rare hereditary lysosomal storage disorder, occurs due to a deficiency in the enzyme β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase). This deficiency leads to the buildup of substrate glucosylceramide (GlcCer) in macrophages, eventually resulting in various complications. Among its three types, GD2 is particularly severe with neurological involvements. Current treatments, such as enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), are not effective for GD2 and GD3 due to their inability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Other treatment approaches, such as gene or chaperone therapies are still in expe

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… Brief reports: Lysosomal cross-correction by hematopoietic stem cell-derived macrophages via tunneling nanotubes. Stem Cells. 2015;33(1):301–9. doi: 10.1002/stem.1835. 147. Ito S, Barrett AJ. Gauchers disease-A reappraisal of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. …

Current Advancement of Immunomodulatory Drugs as Potential Pharmacotherapies for Autoimmunity Based Neurological Diseases.

Dramatic advancement has been made in recent decades to understand the basis of autoimmunity-mediated neurological diseases. These diseases create a strong influence on the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), leading to various clinical manifestations and numerous symptoms. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most prevalent autoimmune neurological disease while NMO spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is less common. Furthermore, evidence supports the presence of autoimmune mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which is a neurodeg

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… Currently, nanomaterials including quantum dots, nanotubes, nanoparticles, and nanofibrils have broad-spectrum applications in the field of medicine such as in bioimaging, drug delivery, and biosensors. …

Targeted Delivery of Drugs and Genes Using Polymer Nanocarriers for Cancer Therapy.

Cancer is one of the primary causes of worldwide human deaths. Most cancer patients receive chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but these treatments are usually only partially efficacious and lead to a variety of serious side effects. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new therapeutic strategies. The emergence of nanotechnology has had a profound impact on general clinical treatment. The application of nanotechnology has facilitated the development of nano-drug delivery systems (NDDSs) that are highly tumor selective and allow for the slow release of active anticancer drugs. In recent years, veh

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… Depending on the material, the NPs include lipids (liposomes) [ 78 ], polymers (artificial synthetic polymer NPs and natural polymer NPs) [ 79 ], inorganic NPs (silicon NPs) [ 80 ], organic compounds (carbon nanotubes) [ 81 ], and metal NPs (gold NPs, silver NPs, magnetic NPs, etc.) [ 82 ]. …

Applications of Aggregation-Induced Emission Materials in Immunology: From Diagnostics to Immunotherapy.

Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) materials, due to their unique ability to significantly enhance optical emission in aggregated states, have demonstrated vast potential in immunology, particularly in early disease diagnosis and immunotherapy. AIE materials can serve as highly efficient fluorescent probes for biomarker detection, providing critical insights for early diagnosis. Additionally, they can act as cancer vaccines, enhancing the effectiveness of immunotherapy through photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, or activation of immune cells. This review highlights the applications of

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… Although various fluorescent materials, such as organic dyes, quantum dots, and carbon nanotubes, have been used to enhance the detection sensitivity of FLISA, they still face several limitations, including poor photostability, aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effects, complex surface modification …

Recent advances in CAR-MSCs: the new engine of cellular immunotherapy evolution.

In recent years, the development of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) technology has greatly promoted the progress of cellular immunotherapy. Among them, CAR-T cell therapy has shown remarkable clinical effects in the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, this therapy still faces a series of challenges, including immunogenicity, toxic side effects, and insufficient maintenance of long-term efficacy. The latest research progress has extended CAR technology to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and the resulting CAR-MSCs combine the precise targeting ability of CAR molecules with the inher

A review on gold nanoparticles as an innovative therapeutic cue in bone tissue engineering: Prospects and future clinical applications.

Bone damage is a complex orthopedic problem primarily caused by trauma, cancer, or bacterial infection of bone tissue. Clinical care management for bone damage remains a significant clinical challenge and there is a growing need for more advanced bone therapy options. Nanotechnology has been widely explored in the field of orthopedic therapy for the treatment of a severe bone disease. Among nanomaterials, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) along with other biomaterials are emerging as a new paradigm for treatment with excellent potential for bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine application

Metastatic Breast Cancer: Review of Emerging Nanotherapeutics.

Metastases of breast cancer (BC) are often referred to as stage IV breast cancer due to their severity and high rate of mortality. The median survival time of patients with metastatic BC is reduced to 3 years. Currently, the treatment regimens for metastatic BC are similar to the primary cancer therapeutics and are limited to conventional chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. However, metastatic BC shows organ-specific complex tumor cell heterogeneity, plasticity, and a distinct tumor microenvironment, leading to therapeutic failure. This issue can be successfully addressed b

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… Another study showed the use of doxorubicin-loaded, iron oxide nanoparticle-incorporated, magnetic single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) for lung metastasis in the presence of a high-energy multipole magnet applied over the tumor. …

Targeting Non-coding RNA for Glioblastoma Therapy: The Challenge of Overcomes the Blood-Brain Barrier.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant form of all primary brain tumors, and it is responsible for around 200,000 deaths each year worldwide. The standard therapy for GBM treatment includes surgical resection followed by temozolomide-based chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. With this treatment, the median survival rate of GBM patients is only 15 months after its initial diagnosis. Therefore, novel and better treatment modalities for GBM treatment are urgently needed. Mounting evidence indicates that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have critical roles as regulators of gene expression. Long non-coding

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… Many NPs have been proposed for the systemic delivery of RNAi-based molecules, including liposomes, polymeric NPs, micelles, dendrimers, artificial DNA nanostructures, silica NPs, nanotubes, metal NPs (mostly, Fe-, Au, and Se-based), and quantum dots, among many others ( 85 – 90 ). …

Свет в диагностике, терапии и хирургии.

Легкие и оптические методы оказывают глубокое воздействие на современную медицину, и в настоящее время в клинической практике используются многочисленные лазеры и оптические устройства для оценки состояния здоровья и лечения заболеваний. Последние достижения в области биомедицинской оптики позволили использовать все более сложные технологии, в частности технологии, которые объединяют фотонику с нанотехнологией, биоматериалами и генной инженерией. В настоящем Обзоре мы вновь обращаемся к основам взаимодействия легкой материи, описываем применение света в визуализации, диагностике, терапии и хир

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… Biophotonics 7 525 533 2014 23606343 10.1002/jbio.201200243 PMC3922891 100 de la Rica R Stevens MM Plasmonic ELISA for the ultrasensitive detection of disease biomarkers with the naked eye Nat Nanotechnol 8 1759 1764 2012 10.1038/nnano.2012.186 23103935 101 Chen Z Protein microarrays with carbon nanotubes …

Clinical innovations and future directions of nanoparticles in the treatment of psychiatric and neurological disorders.

Nanoparticles (NPs) provide a versatile toolkit for psychiatry and neurology by leveraging tunable size, surface chemistry, and payload control to overcome long-standing barriers in central nervous system (CNS) therapy. Lipid, polymeric, inorganic, and hybrid NPs can be engineered to traverse the blood-brain barrier (BBB) via receptor/transporter pathways, target specific cell types, and deliver sustained or stimuli-responsive release. Beyond drug delivery, NPs improve imaging, enable gene/RNA therapeutics, and support anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective strategies, advancing precision medic

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… One trial ( NCT01246336 ) tested a breath sensor combining organically functionalized carbon nanotubes and gold NPs to detect PD-associated volatile organic compounds, enabling potential early diagnosis and risk screening [ 202 ]. …

Улучшить долгосрочные механические свойства термопластических короткокалорийных соединений с использованием альтернативных матриц.

Древесные пластиковые композитные материалы (ВКН) обеспечивают средства для уменьшения углеродного следа за счет использования натуральных волокон для повышения механических свойств. Однако имеется ограниченная информация о механических свойствах этих материалов во враждебных условиях. В этом исследовании была проведена оценка составов полипропилена (PP), полистирола (PS) и полилактической кислоты (PLA), обработанных путем экструдирования и инъекции. Были проведены испытания на прочность и модулю прочности на растяжение и флексур, температуру смещения тепла (HDT) и на анализ ползучести при раз

Nanotechnology and Matrix Metalloproteinases in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment.

Cancer is still one of the leading causes of death worldwide. This great mortality is due to its late diagnosis when the disease is already at advanced stages. Although the efforts made to develop more effective treatments, around 90% of cancer deaths are due to metastasis that confers a systemic character to the disease. Likewise, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are endopeptidases that participate in all the events of the metastatic process. MMPs' augmented concentrations and an increased enzymatic activity have been considered bad prognosis markers of the disease. Therefore, synthetic inhib

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… nanomedicine are: 1) metal NPs and their oxides (gold, gold nanoclusters [GNCS/AuNCs], titanium, zinc, zinc oxide, thallium, platinum, silver, silica, iron oxide [IO], quantum dots [QDs], superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs [SPIONs], and upconverting NPs [UCNPs]); 2) carbon-based nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes …

Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation plays a role in relieving cancer pain.

Tumors can invade, compress, and damage nerves, leading to persistent pain and seriously affecting the quality of life of patients. However, their treatment is challenging. Sensitization of peripheral receptors, abnormal activity of primary sensory neurons, activation of glial cells, enhanced inflammatory responses, and sensory information transmission contribute towards cancer pain. Therefore, considerable attention has been paid to exploring prospective methods to inhibit the occurrence of these factors and relieve cancer pain. Studies on different types of pains have revealed that the trans

Epigenetic Regulation of Autophagy in Bone Metabolism.

The skeletal system is crucial for supporting bodily functions, protecting vital organs, facilitating hematopoiesis, and storing essential minerals. Skeletal homeostasis, which includes aspects such as bone density, structural integrity, and regenerative processes, is essential for normal skeletal function. Autophagy, an intricate intracellular mechanism for degrading and recycling cellular components, plays a multifaceted role in bone metabolism. It involves sequestering cellular waste, damaged proteins, and organelles within autophagosomes, which are then degraded and recycled. Autophagy's i

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… Cyclic mechanical strain regulates osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells on TiO(2) nanotubes through GCN5 and Wnt/β-Catenin . Front Bioeng Biotechnol . 2021 ; 9 : 735949 . 34869255 10.3389/fbioe.2021.735949 PMC8634263 65. Lu W , Zhang L , Ji K , Ding L , Wu G . …

Reactive Oxygen Species Bridge the Gap between Chronic Inflammation and Tumor Development.

According to numerous animal studies, adverse environmental stimuli, including physical, chemical, and biological factors, can cause low-grade chronic inflammation and subsequent tumor development. Human epidemiological evidence has confirmed the close relationship between chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis. However, the mechanisms driving the development of persistent inflammation toward tumorigenesis remain unclear. In this study, we assess the potential role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and associated mechanisms in modulating inflammation-induced tumorigenesis. Recent reports have e

Phytochemical-Based Nanomedicine for Advanced Cancer Theranostics: Perspectives on Clinical Trials to Clinical Use.

In the current chapter, a new strategic compilation of phytochemicals with potent antitumor properties has been addressed, most importantly focusing on cell cycle arrest and apoptotic signaling mechanism. A promising approach in tumor prevention is to eliminate cancer cells preferably via cell cycle arrest and programmed cell death with lesser harm to neighboring normal cells. Cancer cells have a survival advantage to escape apoptosis and relentlessly divide to proliferate, gearing up the cell cycle process. Recently, the use of phytochemical-derived conjugated chemotherapeutic agents has incr

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… The use of nanocarriers such as liposomes, micelle, dendrimers, nanodispersions, polymeric nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanorods, and metallic/non-metallic nanoparticles has ineluctably impacted cancer pharmacology. 59 Phytomolecules conjugated anti-neoplastic drugs in nanosize diffuse through the cell …

Timeline of Translational Formulation Technologies for Cancer Therapy: Successes, Failures, and Lessons Learned Therefrom.

Over the past few decades, the field of cancer therapy has seen a significant change in the way in which formulations are designed and developed, resulting in more efficient products that allow us to ultimately achieve improved drug bioavailability, efficacy, and safety. However, although many formulations have entered the market, many others have fallen by the wayside leaving the scientific community with several lessons to learn. The successes (and failures) achieved with formulations that have been approved in Europe and/or by the FDA for the three major types of cancer therapy (peptide-bas

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… Many nanomaterials, including gold nanoparticles, quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, and mesoporous silica nanoparticles, possess intrinsic therapeutic/diagnostic properties, although SPIONs are currently being the most extensively studied as theranostic candidates due to the superiority of MRI in terms …

Insights into Endothelial Progenitor Cells: Origin, Classification, Potentials, and Prospects.

With the discovery of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in the late 1990s, a paradigm shift in the concept of neoangiogenesis occurred. The identification of circulating EPCs in peripheral blood marked the beginning of a new era with enormous potential in the rapidly transforming regenerative field. Overwhelmed with the revelation, researchers across the globe focused on isolating, defining, and interpreting the role of EPCs in various physiological and pathological conditions. Consequently, controversies emerged regarding the isolation techniques and classification of EPCs. Nevertheless, th

A new era of cancer immunotherapy: vaccines and miRNAs.

Cancer immunotherapy has transformed the treatment landscape, introducing new strategies to fight various types of cancer. This review examines the important role of vaccines in cancer therapy, focusing on recent advancements such as dendritic cell vaccines, mRNA vaccines, and viral vector-based approaches. The relationship between cancer and the immune system highlights the importance of vaccines as therapeutic tools. The discussion covers tumor cell and dendritic cell vaccines, protein/peptide vaccines, and nucleic acid vaccines (including DNA, RNA, or viral vector-based), with a focus on th

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… One study examined carbon nanotubes conjugated with CD44 antibodies to deliver paclitaxel and salinomycin to breast cancer cells and cancer stem cells [ 73 ]. This approach is believed to contribute to treatment resistance. …