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Identification of iron metabolism-related predictive markers of endometriosis and endometriosis-relevant ovarian cancer.

Endometriosis is associated with ovarian cancers, mainly endometrioid and clear-cell carcinomas. Iron metabolism has been shown to play a role in endometriosis. Therefore, it is vital to explore the relationship between iron metabolism and ovarian cancer and to identify novel markers for diagnostics and therapeutics. The endometriosis dataset GSE51981 and the ovarian cancer dataset GSE26712 were obtained from the gene expression omnibus database, and differentially expressed genes were identified. Iron metabolism genes were obtained from molecular signatures database, and hub genes from the 3

RANK, RANKL and osteoprotegerin in bone biology and disease.

Upon the discovery of RANK, RANKL and OPG in the late 1990s, their importance in the maintenance of the skeletal structure and their dramatic role in bone disease were largely unexpected. In recent years the understanding of these proteins, in particular their regulation, has greatly increased. This review aims to bring the interested reader up to date with the latest news and views on the mechanisms controlling bone resorption in normal and pathological conditions.

Vitamin C Transporters and Their Implications in Carcinogenesis.

Vitamin C is implicated in various bodily functions due to its unique properties in redox homeostasis. Moreover, vitamin C also plays a great role in restoring the activity of 2-oxoglutarate and Fe2+ dependent dioxygenases (2-OGDD), which are involved in active DNA demethylation (TET proteins), the demethylation of histones, and hypoxia processes. Therefore, vitamin C may be engaged in the regulation of gene expression or in a hypoxic state. Hence, vitamin C has acquired great interest for its plausible effects on cancer treatment. Since its conceptualization, the role of vitamin C in cancer t

Двустороннее участие грудных вскармливаний в множестве миелом: доклад о реалистическом деле.

Грудная плазмоцитома представляет собой редкое дополнительное проявление множественной миеломы (ММ). Этот случай представляет собой первичную экстрамульгальную плазмоцитому и переход к MM с участием груди после 12 годы обнаружения болезни. Пациент - это 54-year-old Женщина, у которой изначально был правый патологический перелом плечевой кости, оказавшийся основной дополнительной плазмоцитомой. Она получила химиотерапию и получила ремиссию. Six Спустя несколько лет болезнь повторилась как масса в грудине, которая была обработана радиацией и химиотерапией, но без улучшения. Затем болезнь перешла

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell disorder that remains incurable for most patients, as persistent clonal evolution drives new mutations which confer MM high-risk signatures and resistance to standard care. The past two decades have significantly refashioned the therapeutic options for MM, especially adoptive T cell therapy contributing to impressive response rate and clinical efficacy. Despite great promises achieved from chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, the poor durability and severe toxicity (cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity) are still huge challen

Repurposing anticancer drugs for the management of COVID-19.

Since its outbreak in the last December, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has rapidly spread worldwide at a pandemic proportion and thus is regarded as a global public health emergency. The existing therapeutic options for COVID-19 beyond the intensive supportive care are limited, with an undefined or modest efficacy reported so far. Drug repurposing represents an enthusiastic mechanism to use approved drugs outside the scope of their original indication and accelerate the discovery of new therapeutic options. With the emergence of COVID-19, drug repurposing has been la

A comprehensive prognostic score for head and neck squamous cancer driver genes and phenotype traits.

BackgroundHead and neck squamous cancer (HNSCC) presents variable phenotype and progression features. Clinically applicable, high-accuracy multifactorial prognostic models for HNSCC survival outcomes are warranted and an active area of research. This study aimed to construct a comprehensive prognostic tool for HNSCC overall survival by integrating cancer driver genes with tumor clinical and phenotype information.MethodsKey overall survival-related cancer driver genes were screened from among main effector and reciprocal gene pairs using TCGA data using univariate Cox proportional hazard regres

Углубленный анализ безопасности клеточной терапии CAR-T для твердых опухолей.

В последние годы стремительный прогресс в онкологии, иммунологии и молекулярной биологии привел к резкому усовершенствованию иммунотерапии рака, особенно клеточной терапии CAR-T. Этот новаторский подход включает в себя проектирование Т клеток пациента, чтобы выразить рецепторы, которые специально нацелены на антигены опухоли, расширяя их способность выявлять и устранять раковые клетки. Однако эффективность терапии CAR-T для твердых опухолей зачастую затрудняется из-за сложной микроопухолей (TME). Комплекс TME включает плотную строму, препятствующую инфильтрации Т клеток, аномальные структуры к

Nuances in the treatment of malignant tumors of the clival and petroclival region.

Introduction Malignancies of the clivus and petroclival region are mainly chordomas and chondrosarcomas. Although a spectrum of malignancies may present in this area, a finite group of commonly encountered malignant pathologies will be the focus of this review, as they are recognized to be formidable pathologies due to adjacent critical neurovascular structures and challenging surgical approaches. Objectives The objective is to review the literature regarding medical and surgical management of malignant tumors of the clival and petroclival region with a focus on clinical presentation, diagnost

An amino-terminal BRAF deletion accounting for acquired resistance to RAF/EGFR inhibition in colorectal cancer.

Although combination therapy with RAF and EGFR inhibitors has improved the survival outcomes of patients with BRAF-mutated colorectal cancer (CRC), acquired resistance invariably develops. The mechanisms of acquired resistance to RAF inhibitors have been largely attributed to activating mutations in RASgenes, MAP2K mutations, and amplifications in BRAF, RAS genes, and EGFR In this report, we describe a patient with BRAF-mutated CRC who acquired an amino-terminal BRAF deletion involving the Ras-binding domain (RBD) after treatment with RAF/EGFR inhibitor therapy. Amino-terminal BRAF deletions i

Rethinking the Combination of Proton Exchanger Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy.

Microenvironmental acidity is becoming a key target for the new age of cancer treatment. In fact, while cancer is characterized by genetic heterogeneity, extracellular acidity is a common phenotype of almost all cancers. To survive and proliferate under acidic conditions, tumor cells up-regulate proton exchangers and transporters (mainly V-ATPase, Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger (NHE), monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), and carbonic anhydrases (CAs)), that actively extrude excess protons, avoiding intracellular accumulation of toxic molecules, thus becoming a sort of survival option with many similarities

Ammonium metabolism rewiring in the prostate cancer microenvironment: Mechanisms and clinical prospects.

Ammonium metabolism represents a critically understudied yet pivotal driver of prostate tumorigenesis and tumor microenvironment (TME) remodeling. The interplay between tumor metabolic reprogramming and the tumor microenvironment has emerged as a critical frontier in oncology research. While previous studies on prostate cancer metabolism have predominantly focused on lipid metabolism and the Warburg effect, the role of ammonium metabolism, particularly the urea cycle in tumor immune regulation remains insufficiently explored. This metabolic reprogramming constitutes a central node connecting c

Molecular classification of gastric cancer: Towards a pathway-driven targeted therapy.

Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Although surgical resection is a potentially curative approach for localized cases of GC, most cases of GC are diagnosed in an advanced, non-curable stage and the response to traditional chemotherapy is limited. Fortunately, recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that mediate GC hold great promise for the development of more effective treatment strategies. In this review, an overview of the morphological classification, current treatment approaches, and molecular alterations that have been c

Polymorphisms in transcription factor binding sites and enhancer regions and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma risk.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are a powerful tool for detecting variants associated with complex traits and can help risk stratification and prevention strategies against pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the strict significance threshold commonly used makes it likely that many true risk loci are missed. Functional annotation of GWAS polymorphisms is a proven strategy to identify additional risk loci. We aimed to investigate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in regulatory regions [transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) and enhancers] that could change the expre

Research progress on the clinical application and mechanism of iguratimod in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and rheumatic diseases.

Autoimmune diseases are affected by complex pathophysiology involving multiple cell types, cytokines, antibodies and mimicking factors. Different drugs are used to improve these autoimmune responses, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, antibodies, and small molecule drugs (DMARDs), which are prevalent clinically in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), etc. However, low cost-effectiveness, reduced efficacy, adverse effects, and patient non-response are unattractive factors driving the development of new drugs such as iguratimod. As a new disease-modi

Nurses' Perspectives on the Non-Pharmacological Management of Oral Mucositis in Onco-Hematological Care: A Qualitative Content Analysis.

Background/Objectives: Oral mucositis (OM) is a common complication in onco-hematological patients undergoing chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, negatively affecting comfort, nutrition, and quality of life. Despite existing assessment tools and recommendations, OM management-particularly non-pharmacological approaches-remains inconsistent, and evidence on nurses' perspectives and contextual factors is limited. This study explored nurses' perceptions and experiences regarding non-pharmacological treatments for OM, including educational needs and barriers and facilitators

Dermatologic Emergencies

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… Re-epithelialization begins days after the acute phase ends, and requires 2–4 weeks. SJS/TEN may showcase internal organ involvement as well, with erosions occurring in the trachea, bronchi, gut, and kidney. …

Miscellaneous Spinal Cord Diseases

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Multiple myeloma: signaling pathways and targeted therapy.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy of plasma cells, characterized by osteolytic bone lesions, anemia, hypercalcemia, renal failure, and the accumulation of malignant plasma cells. The pathogenesis of MM involves the interaction between MM cells and the bone marrow microenvironment through soluble cytokines and cell adhesion molecules, which activate various signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR, RAS/MAPK, JAK/STAT, Wnt/β-catenin, and NF-κB pathways. Aberrant activation of these pathways contributes to the proliferation, survival, migration, and drug res

Circulating sRANKL, Periostin, and Osteopontin as Biomarkers for the Assessment of Activated Osteoclastogenesis in Myeloma Related Bone Disease.

The hallmark of multiple myeloma is myeloma related bone disease. Interactions between myeloma plasma cells (MPCs), stromal cells, and the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment play a critical role in the pathogenesis of MBD. Bone remodeling is severely dysregulated with the prevalence of osteoclast activity. We aimed to assess circulating levels of sRANKL, periostin, and osteopontin as osteoclast activators in NDMM patients at diagnosis and in the course of treatment, correlations with clinical and laboratory data, and to evaluate their potential as additional biomarkers for the assessment of MBD