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Phytochemicals in Cancer Treatment and Cancer Prevention-Review on Epidemiological Data and Clinical Trials.

Phytochemicals are a non-nutritive substances that are present in plants and contribute significantly to their flavor and color. These biologically active compounds are classified into five major groups, namely phenolics, carotenoids, organosulfur compounds, nitrogen-containing compounds, and alkaloids, and are known for their potential health benefits in the prevention of various diseases, including cancer. The purpose of this review article is to explore the potential therapeutic benefits of the dietary phytochemicals, such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, phytosterols, carotenoids, and stilbe

Review of oncological emergencies in small animal patients.

Oncological emergencies can occur at any time during the course of a malignancy and need to be recognized promptly to maximize successful outcomes. Emergencies are characterized as chemotherapy-induced, paraneoplastic syndromes, or directly related to the neoplasm. Prompt identification with treatment of these emergencies can prolong survival and improve quality of life, even in the setting of terminal illness. This review aims to educate the reader on the pathophysiology, clinical presentation and treatment of some of these emergencies, and to review the current veterinary literature to help

Effect of Early Administration of Vitamin D on Clinical Outcome in Critically Ill Sepsis Patients: A Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial.

BackgroundAdministration of vitamin D to unselected heterogeneous critically ill patients did not demonstrate outcome benefit. The current study was undertaken to identify if early administration of vitamin D can reduce intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay and improve clinical outcomes in critically ill patients with sepsis.MethodsThis single-center randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial was done in the ICU and emergency inpatient ward of a tertiary care teaching institute in New Delhi, India. A total of 126 adult patients aged 18 to 80 years of either sex diagnosed to have sepsi

Recent Advances in the Development and Utilization of Nanoparticles for the Management of Malignant Solid Tumors.

The purpose of nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems or novel drug delivery systems is to improve the effectiveness of therapy, and their promising properties have led to their increasing significance in the management of cancer. The researchers have primarily focused on designing novel nanocarriers, like nanoparticles (NPs), that can effectively deliver drugs to target cells and respond specifically to conditions particular to cancer. Whether passive or active targeting, these nanocarriers can deliver therapeutic cargoes to the tumor site to release the drug from the drug delivery system

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Synergistic immunotherapy targeting cancer-associated anemia: prospects of a combination strategy.

Cancer-associated anemia promotes tumor progression, leads to poor quality of life in patients with cancer, and even obstructs the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy. However, the precise mechanism for cancer-associated anemia remains unknown and the feasible strategy to target cancer-associated anemia synergizing immunotherapy needs to be clarified. Here, we review the possible mechanisms of cancer-induced anemia regarding decreased erythropoiesis and increased erythrocyte destruction, and cancer treatment-induced anemia. Moreover, we summarize the current paradigm for cancer-as

Critically Ill Immunosuppressed Host

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Pediatric Drug Development: Reviewing Challenges and Opportunities by Tracking Innovative Therapies.

The paradigm of pediatric drug development has been evolving in a "carrot-and-stick"-based tactic to address population-specific issues. However, the off-label prescription of adult medicines to pediatric patients remains a feature of clinical practice, which may compromise the age-appropriate evaluation of treatments. Therefore, the United States and the European Pediatric Formulation Initiative have recommended applying nanotechnology-based delivery systems to tackle some of these challenges, particularly applying inorganic, polymeric, and lipid-based nanoparticles. Connected with these, adv

Secondary Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases.

Fragility fracture is a worldwide problem and a main cause of disability and impaired quality of life. It is primarily caused by osteoporosis, characterized by impaired bone quantity and or quality. Proper diagnosis of osteoporosis is essential for prevention of fragility fractures. Osteoporosis can be primary in postmenopausal women because of estrogen deficiency. Secondary forms of osteoporosis are not uncommon in both men and women. Most systemic illnesses and organ dysfunction can lead to osteoporosis. The kidney plays a crucial role in maintaining physiological bone homeostasis by control

Ginsenoside Rg3: Potential Molecular Targets and Therapeutic Indication in Metastatic Breast Cancer.

Breast cancer is still one of the most prevalent cancers and a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The key challenge with cancer treatment is the choice of the best therapeutic agents with the least possible toxicities on the patient. Recently, attention has been drawn to herbal compounds, in particular ginsenosides, extracted from the root of the Ginseng plant. In various studies, significant anti-cancer properties of ginsenosides have been reported in different cancers. The mode of action of ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) in in vitro and in vivo breast cancer models and its value as an anti-canc

Кровавая добавка и болезни человека: обзор клинических испытаний.

Медицинальные свойства турмеров (Curcuma longa L.) — растения, использовавшегося на протяжении веков в качестве противовоспалительного средства, объясняются его полифеноловыми каркуминоидами, где преобладает кёркумин. Хотя «куркуминовые» добавки являются топ-продаваемыми ботаническими с перспективными доклиническими эффектами, остаются вопросы о биологической активности у человека. Для решения этой проблемы был проведен обзор аналитического исследования с целью оценки клинических испытаний человека, в ходе которых сообщалось о пероральном воздействии каркумина на результаты лечения. Eight :: п

Review Article: Immune Effector Cell-Mediated Enterocolitis Following CAR-T Cell Therapy-Clinical Features, Pathophysiology and Management.

BACKGROUND: Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has revolutionised the treatment of hematologic malignancies, and its use is expanding rapidly into numerous other disease states including autoimmune diseases. However, CAR-T therapy is associated with a spectrum of immune-related toxicities. In addition to the already well characterized cytokine release syndrome and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome, it has become apparent that rarely, CAR-T can cause gastrointestinal mucosal inflammation, termed immune effector cell-mediated enterocolitis (IEC-EC). AIMS: This

Overview of Ankle Arthropathy in Hereditary Hemochromatosis.

Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is an autosomal recessive bleeding disorder characterized by tissue overload of iron. Clinical systemic manifestations in HH include liver disease, cardiomyopathy, skin pigmentation, diabetes mellitus, erectile dysfunction, hypothyroidism, and arthropathy. Arthropathy with joint pain is frequently reported at diagnosis and mainly involves the metacarpophalangeal and ankle joints, and more rarely, the hip and knee. Symptoms in ankle joints are in most cases non-specific, and they can range from pain and swelling of the ankle to deformities and joint destruction.

Investigation of Some Long Noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): An Iranian Study.

Introduction: According to the importance of long noncoding RNAs (LncRNA) in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and also the lack of study for pediatric IBD in this regard, we investigated the expression of a selected panel of LncRNAs in Iranian pediatric cases of IBD compared to adult cases and healthy samples. Methods: In this gene expression study, blood samples were taken from the three groups of pediatric IBD cases, adult IBD cases, and pediatric healthy samples (for gene expression calibration). The investigated LncRNAs were UCA1, CCAT, IFNG-AS1, and CDKN2B. Real-time P

Progress of Cancer Nanotechnology as Diagnostics, Therapeutics, and Theranostics Nanomedicine: Preclinical Promise and Translational Challenges.

Early detection, right therapeutic intervention, and simultaneous effectiveness mapping are considered the critical factors in successful cancer therapy. Nevertheless, these factors experience the limitations of conventional cancer diagnostics and therapeutics delivery approaches. Along with providing the targeted therapeutics delivery, advances in nanomedicines have allowed the combination of therapy and diagnostics in a single system (called cancer theranostics). This paper discusses the progress in the pre-clinical and clinical development of therapeutics, diagnostics, and theranostics canc

Weight Loss and Decrease of Body Mass Index during Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Are Common Events with Limited Clinical Impact.

PurposeWeight loss in cancer patients has been attributed with significant morbidity and mortality. During allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT), oral nutrition is often hampered and hence total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is necessary. We therefore investigated the course of weight during stem cell transplantation and the clinical consequences of weight change.Methods180 consecutive patients who received allogeneic SCT between January 2010 and December 2011 at our center were analyzed for weight loss, laboratory and clinical parameters.ResultsDuring SCT, a median decrease of 6.6% of body

Extracorporeal photophoresis: an evidence-based analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness, safety and cost-effectiveness of extracorporeal photophoresis (ECP) for the treatment of refractory erythrodermic cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) and refractory chronic graft versus host disease (cGvHD). BACKGROUND: CUTANEOUS T CELL LYMPHOMA: Cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a general name for a group of skin affecting disorders caused by malignant white blood cells (T lymphocytes). Cutaneous T cell lymphoma is relatively uncommon and represents slightly more than 2% of all lymphomas in the United States. The most frequently diagnosed form of CTCL i

Potential Drug Interactions in Hospitalized Hematologic Cancer Patients: New Update with New Chemotherapy Regimens.

ObjectiveThis cross-sectional study aimed to assess the frequency of potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) and demographic correlates of moderate and major DDIs among patients with hematologic cancer at a referral hematology hospital in Iran.MethodsIn this study, for 6 months, all patients suffering from hematologic cancers admitted to the tertiary oncology hospital, Omid, Isfahan, were considered. Data from all medications prescribed to patients during hospitalization were analyzed using the online Lexicomp® drug interaction checker, recording all interactions classified by risk level: C, D

Nutritional status and quality of life in adults undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Although the effects of malnutrition on morbidity and mortality in adult patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are clear, the relationship with quality of life (QOL) is less clear. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between malnutrition and QOL. A prospective observational study was conducted in 36 adult patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Adapted criteria of the Global Leadership Initiative on malnutrition have been used for the diagnosis of malnutrition in clinical settings. A cancer linear analog scal

Chemotherapy-induced bowel ischemia: diagnostic imaging overview.

Cancer patients need multimodal therapies to treat their disease increasingly. In particular, drug treatment, as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or various associations between them are commonly used to increase efficacy. However, the use of drugs predisposes a percentage of patients to develop toxicity in multiple organs and systems. Principle chemotherapy drugs mechanism of action is cell replication inhibition, rapidly proliferating cells especially. Immunotherapy is another tumor therapy strategy based on antitumor immunity activation trough agents as CTLA4 inhibitors (ipilimumab) or PD-1/PD-

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