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Predicting cumulative incidence of adverse events in older patients with cancer undergoing first-line palliative chemotherapy: Korean Cancer Study Group (KCSG) multicentre prospective study.

BackgroundOlder patients have increased risk of toxicity from chemotherapy. Current prediction tools do not provide information on cumulative risk.MethodsPatients aged ≥ 70 years with solid cancer were prospectively enrolled. A prediction model was developed for adverse events (AEs) ≥ Grade 3 (G3), based on geriatric assessment (GA), laboratory, and clinical variables.Results301 patients were enrolled (median age, 75 years). Median number of chemotherapy cycles was 4. During first-line chemotherapy, 53.8% of patients experienced AEs ≥ G3. Serum protein ConclusionsThis prediction tool could ide

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… Swain SM Safety profile of pertuzumab with trastuzumab and docetaxel in patients from Asia with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive metastatic breast cancer: results from the phase III trial CLEOPATRA Oncologist 2014 19 693 701 10.1634/theoncologist.2014-0033 24869931 PMC4077449 …

Bone density and pain response following intensity-modulated radiotherapy versus three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for vertebral metastases - secondary results of a randomized trial.

BACKGROUND: This was a prespecified secondary analysis of a randomized trial that analyzed bone density and pain response following fractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) versus three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) for palliative management of spinal metastases. METHODS/MATERIALS: Sixty patients were enrolled in the single-institutional randomized exploratory trial, randomly assigned to receive IMRT or 3DCRT (30 Gy in 10 fractions). Along with pain response (measured by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Chow criteria), quantitative bone density was evaluated at basel

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… Daimon T Kosaka T Oya M A metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer patient with multiple bone metastases has durable biochemical and radiological response to docetaxel chemotherapy American journal of clinical and experimental urology 2016 4 2 28 31 27766278 PMC5069273 16. …

Targeting the two-pore channel 2 in cancer progression and metastasis.

The importance of Ca2+ signaling, and particularly Ca2+ channels, in key events of cancer cell function such as proliferation, metastasis, autophagy and angiogenesis, has recently begun to be appreciated. Of particular note are two-pore channels (TPCs), a group of recently identified Ca2+-channels, located within the endolysosomal system. TPC2 has recently emerged as an intracellular ion channel of significant pathophysiological relevance, specifically in cancer, and interest in its role as an anti-cancer drug target has begun to be explored. Herein, an overview of the cancer-related functions

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… In support of this, targeted arterial perfusion of verapamil and chemotherapeutics (platinum therapy in combination with paclitaxel, docetaxel, 5-fluorouracil, and paclitaxel + gemcitabine + 5-fluorouracil) in advanced lung cancer patients [ 225 ] was clinically effective, where 85% of patients achieved … In addition to being well tolerated, combining arterial verapamil with platinum and 5-fluorouracil and an anthracycline, or with docetaxel and anthracycline in advanced gastric cancer patients, significantly improved the efficacy over chemotherapy alone, and also improved progression-free and overall …

Targeted Delivery of Drugs and Genes Using Polymer Nanocarriers for Cancer Therapy.

Cancer is one of the primary causes of worldwide human deaths. Most cancer patients receive chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but these treatments are usually only partially efficacious and lead to a variety of serious side effects. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new therapeutic strategies. The emergence of nanotechnology has had a profound impact on general clinical treatment. The application of nanotechnology has facilitated the development of nano-drug delivery systems (NDDSs) that are highly tumor selective and allow for the slow release of active anticancer drugs. In recent years, veh

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… Mu et al. developed self-assembled NPs based on chitosan grafted with cholesterol hemisuccinate to enhance the absorption of docetaxel by multidrug-resistant cancer cells [ 166 ]. In 2021, a novel type of folic acid-modified chitosan-silica NPs were used to co-deliver PTX and P-shRNA [ 167 ]. … Docetaxel-loaded chitosan-cholesterol conjugate-based self-assembled nanoparticles for overcoming multidrug resistance in cancer cells. Pharmaceutics. 2020;12:783. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090783. 167. Jia L., Li Z., Zheng D., Li Z., Zhao Z. …

Review of oncological emergencies in small animal patients.

Oncological emergencies can occur at any time during the course of a malignancy and need to be recognized promptly to maximize successful outcomes. Emergencies are characterized as chemotherapy-induced, paraneoplastic syndromes, or directly related to the neoplasm. Prompt identification with treatment of these emergencies can prolong survival and improve quality of life, even in the setting of terminal illness. This review aims to educate the reader on the pathophysiology, clinical presentation and treatment of some of these emergencies, and to review the current veterinary literature to help

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… The exact mechanism for hypersensitivity from taxane chemotherapy drugs (paclitaxel, docetaxel) is unknown, but, there are several theories including complement system activation induced by Cremophor (which is compounded with paclitaxel) and polysorbate 80 (which is compounded with docetaxel). …

Inhibition of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) pathway: the current landscape and barriers to clinical application.

The fibroblast growth factor/fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGF/FGFR) is a tyrosine kinase signaling pathway that has a fundamental role in many biologic processes including embryonic development, tissue regeneration, and angiogenesis. Increasing evidence indicates that this pathway plays a critical role in oncogenesis via gene amplification, activating mutations, or translocation in tumors of various histologies. With multiplex sequencing technology, the detection of FGFR aberrations has become more common and is tied to cancer cell proliferation, resistance to anticancer therapies, and n

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… A subsequent Phase II trial is currently recruiting and is looking to evaluate FP-1039 in solid tumors alone, or in combination with docetaxel, or paclitaxel and carboplatin ( NCT01868022 ). … alterations FGFR 1/2/3. | 8/24 with PR (4 confirmed in urothelial, head&neck, melanoma, and anal cancer). 1 pt w/ FGFR3-TACC3 in urothelial cancer had complete shrinkage for 4M | Diarrhea (60%), fatigue (53%), nausea (48%), hyperphosphat-emia (37%), hyperglycemia (36%) | NCT01928459 [ 147 ] Lung Cancer | Docetaxel …

Molecular Inhibitors of Growth Signals

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A single center retrospective study assessing the prognostic significance of pre-treatment neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

BackgroundIn light of the growing evidence suggesting the impact of inflammatory parameters on the survival of individuals with cancer, this research assessed the prognostic significance of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in individuals diagnosed with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) prior to undergoing intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT).MethodsA total of 163 individuals diagnosed with locally advanced NPC treated with IMRT at our hospital between January 2012 and December 2017 were included in this research. For each patient, the absolute counts of neutrophil

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… Induction chemotherapy involved the administration of paclitaxel (135 mg/m 2 ) or docetaxel (75 mg/m 2 ) and cisplatin (75 mg/m 2 ), administered every three weeks for two to three cycles. …

Patient-reported outcomes in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma treated with melflufen plus dexamethasone: analyses from the Phase II HORIZON study.

Relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) is known to have a high burden of disease and complications associated with refractoriness to prior lines of therapy. Severe pain and fatigue symptoms and impairments in physical and emotional functioning have been strongly linked to reduced health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with RRMM. Assessment of patient reported-outcome measures from the pivotal, Phase II HORIZON study (OP-106; NCT02963493) in patients with RRMM (n = 64) demonstrated that melphalan flufenamide (melflufen) plus dexamethasone treatment preserved HRQoL. Patients had

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… Quality of life with docetaxel plus cisplatin and fluorouracil compared with cisplatin and fluorouracil from a phase III trial for advanced gastric or gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma: the V‐325 Study Group. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:3210–6. 25. …

Pyridoxine Is Effective for Preventing Hand-Foot Syndrome Induced by Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin for Multiple Myeloma: The Results of a Randomized Study.

PURPOSE: Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) is highly effective for treating multiple myeloma (MM). Hand-foot syndrome (HFS) is a dose-limiting adverse event of PLD that may reduce a patient's quality of life or prevent certain patients from receiving PLD. Several researchers have discovered that pyridoxine, an activated form of vitamin B6, may prevent PLD-associated HFS. We designed a prospective randomized trial to examine whether prophylactic pyridoxine might prevent the incidence or delay the occurrence of PLD-induced HFS in patients with MM. METHODS: Patients who met the trial's eligi

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… Several case studies have shown that oral pyridoxine, at doses ranging from 50 to 800 mg daily, can be used successfully to manage HFS related to fluorouracil, docetaxel, etoposide, doxorubicin, and sorafenib, and the pyridoxine dose of >200 mg/day can provide better relief of HFS symptoms than that …

Pattern of Adverse Drug Reactions Associated with the Use of Anticancer Drugs in an Oncology-Based Hospital of Nepal.

INTRODUCTION: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. ADRs of anticancer drugs are ubiquitous. However, in Nepal, studies on chemotherapy-induced ADRs are scarce. Thus, this study aimed to assess the ADRs associated with the use of anticancer drugs and their management along with causality assessment and severity of ADRs. METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional observational and single-center study was conducted at Bhaktapur Cancer Hospital, Nepal, for 6 months. All the patients who fulfilled the study criteria were analyzed to identify

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… *Others: cytarabine, trastuzumab, irinotecan, bicalutamide, pemetrexed, decitabine Anticancer drugs | Frequency (%) (N=861) Cyclophosphamide | 347 (40.3) 5-fluorouracil | 284 (32.9) Carboplatin | 266 (30.9) Gemcitabine | 177 (20.5) Docetaxel | 176 (20.4) Doxorubicin | 166 (19.2) Epirubicin | 145 (16.8 …

Melittin, a honeybee venom derived peptide for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is the most prevalent neurological complication of cancer treatment which involves sensory and motor nerve dysfunction. Severe CIPN has been reported in around 5% of patients treated with single and up to 38% of patients treated with multiple chemotherapeutic agents. Present medications available for CIPN are the use of opioids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, and tricyclic antidepressants, which are only marginally effective in treating neuropathic symptoms. In reality, symptom reappears after these drugs are discontinued. The pathogene

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… Effect of platinum-based anticancer on microglia, astrocytes, mitochondria and ions channels leading to peripheral neuropathy Taxanes (paclitaxel, docetaxel and cabazitaxel) and epothilones (ixabepilone) Taxanes constitute acts on microtubules and interfere with the normal cycle of microtubule depolymerization …

Atrial Cardiomyopathy and Atrial Fibrillation in Cancer.

The number of patients with oncologic and cardiologic comorbidities is increasing. A growing number of evidence shows an inextricable link between cancer, atrial fibrillation, and atrial cardiomyopathy. Cancer itself and resultant inflammation, anticancer treatment, and other comorbidities lead to atrial remodeling and fibrosis, which increases the tendency to develop atrial cardiomyopathy and atrial fibrillation. The scarcity of current literature and ambiguous results make its relationship difficult to fully understand. In this review, we will summarize existing evidence of the relationships

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… AF could also occur in patients treated with other anticancer drugs such as fluorouracil, methotrexate, alkylating agents, antimicrotubule agents (docetaxel, paclitaxel), tyrosine kinase inhibitors (imatinib, lapatinib, sunitinib), proteasoma inhibitor (bortezomib), bevacizumab (blocker of the vascular …

Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Breast Cancer Patients from Southern Sri Lanka: An Echocardiographic Analysis.

Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity has never been investigated in Sri Lanka. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity in breast cancer patients using echocardiographic findings. A prospective cohort study was performed. All newly diagnosed breast cancer patients who were administered with anthracycline and cyclophosphamide (AC schedule) for the first time were enrolled in the study. In the hospital setting, anthracycline is administered only as a combination therapy, and only this combination was selected to limit the effect of o

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… Nottingham grade of cancer | 2 nd line drugs received (this is given after the three weeks of completion of anthracycline chemotherapy) Low nuclear grade in situ CA | 0.5% | None | 2.6% Grade I | 15.3% | Docetaxel | 65.3% Grade II | 51.5% | Paclitaxel | 23.4% Grade III | 32.7% | Nano paclitaxel | 8.7% …

Combined Administration of Bisphosphonates, Chemotherapeutic Agents, and/or Targeted Drugs Increases the Risk for Stage 3 Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: A 4-Year Retrospective Study.

OBJECTIVES: Patients with stage 3 medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) suffer from severe complications. Chemotherapeutic agents and targeted drugs are considered to be associated with the development of MRONJ. However, little is known regarding the association of those agents with stage 3 MRONJ. The purpose of this study is to analyze the comprehensive medication history of patients with advanced-stage MRONJ (stage 2 and stage 3) and evaluate the possible risk factors for stage 3 MRONJ. Patients and Methods. Sixty patients with advanced-stage MRONJ were involved in this retrosp

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… /oteracil | 2 (11.1) | 10.0 ± 2.0 | 2 (4.8) | 21.5 ± 20.5 | Gemcitabine | 0 | 0 | 1 (2.4) | 25.0 | Nedaplatin | 1 (5.6) | 5 | 0 | 0 | Cyclophosphamide (IV) | 0 | 0 | 2 (4.8) | 4.5 ± 0.5 | Cyclophosphamide (O) | 1 (5.6) | 24.0 | 2 (4.8) | 25.0 ± 15.6 | Vindesine | 0 | 0 | 3 (7.1) | 5.3 ± 0.8 | Docetaxel …

Nelfinavir and lenalidomide/dexamethasone in patients with lenalidomide-refractory multiple myeloma. A phase I/II Trial (SAKK 39/10).

The antiretroviral agent nelfinavir has antimyeloma activity and can overcome resistance to bortezomib. Our phase I/II trial investigated whether adding nelfinavir to lenalidomide-dexamethasone can overcome lenalidomide resistance in lenalidomide-refractory multiple myeloma (MM). Twenty-nine patients were included (high-risk cytogenetic aberrations 31%; ≥2 prior therapy lines 93%; lenalidomide-bortezomib double-refractory 34%). Twenty-four patients (83%) had prior bortezomib and 10 (34%) were lenalidomide-bortezomib double-refractory. They received four cycles of nelfinavir 2500 mg/day with st

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… Yang Y NFV, an HIV-1 protease inhibitor, induces growth arrest, reduced Akt signalling, apoptosis and docetaxel sensitisation in NSCLC cell lines Br. J. Cancer 2006 95 1653 1662 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603435 17133272 PMC2360758 8. …

Exploiting Literature-derived Knowledge and Semantics to Identify Potential Prostate Cancer Drugs.

In this study, we report on the performance of an automated approach to discovery of potential prostate cancer drugs from the biomedical literature. We used the semantic relationships in SemMedDB, a database of structured knowledge extracted from all MEDLINE citations using SemRep, to extract potential relationships using knowledge of cancer drugs pathways. Two cancer drugs pathway schemas were constructed using these relationships extracted from SemMedDB. Through both pathway schemas, we found drugs already used for prostate cancer therapy and drugs not currently listed as the prostate cancer

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… CHEMOPREVENTION Ethinyl estradiol | Flutamide | Finasteride Conjugated estrogens | Bicalutamide | RADIATION THERAPY | Dutasteride Megestrol acetate | Cyproterone acetate | Radium-223 | ANTI-METASTATIC THERAPY LH-RH agonists | Nilutamide | CHEMOTHERAPEUTICS | Bisphosphonates Goserelin | Abiraterone | Docetaxel …

Natural Products as Anticancer Agents: Current Status and Future Perspectives.

Natural products have been an invaluable and useful source of anticancer agents over the years. Several compounds have been synthesized from natural products by modifying their structures or by using naturally occurring compounds as building blocks in the synthesis of these compounds for various purposes in different fields, such as biology, medicine, and engineering. Multiple modern and costly treatments have been applied to combat cancer and limit its lethality, but the results are not significantly refreshing. Natural products, which are a significant source of new therapeutic drugs, are cu

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… During the 1980s, another semi-synthetic taxane drug called docetaxel (Taxotere ® ) was isolated from Taxus baccata (European yew). Recent developments in chemical modification have focused on podophyllotoxin analogs, particularly teniposide and etoposide, two semi-synthetic antitumor agents. … Similarly, a combination of capsaicin and docetaxel has been shown to have higher cytotoxicity against prostate cancer (LNCaP and PC3) cell lines and tumor xenograft in mice by inhibiting the growth and proliferation via reducing Akt, mTOR, and S6 phosphorylation while increasing (AMPK) phosphorylation …

Metabolic reprogramming and cisplatin resistance: the emerging role of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinases (PDKs).

Cisplatin resistance remains a primary obstacle in oncology, leading to therapeutic failure and disease recurrence. While resistance mechanisms are multifactorial, metabolic reprogramming has emerged as a critical adaptive strategy for cancer cells to evade cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity. This review synthesizes current evidence on how altered metabolism drives cisplatin resistance, with a particular emphasis on the pivotal role of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs). PDKs act as metabolic gatekeepers by inhibiting the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC), diverting glucose flux away from m

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… Bay-876 not only has antiproliferative effects but also significantly hinders epithelial‒mesenchymal transition (EMT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) [ 86 ]. 2-DG exhibited clinical potential at 63 mg/kg in combination with docetaxel and is advancing to phase II trials, although hypoglycemia associated …

Prospects and Challenges of Lung Cancer Vaccines.

Lung cancer remains one of the most prevalent and lethal malignancies worldwide. Although conventional treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy have modestly improved patient survival, their overall efficacy remains limited, and the prognosis is generally poor. In recent years, immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors, has revolutionized cancer treatment. Nevertheless, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, tumor heterogeneity, and immune escape mechanisms significantly restrict the clinical benefit, which falls short of expectations. Within this contex

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… TRAEs | The Percentage of Immunogenicity Responders and Trial Completers | Personalized Neoantigen NCT06095934 | EGFR + Advanced NSCLC | 2 | Chemotherapy + Vaccine + PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody | II | 20 | ORR | PFS/OS | Personalized Neoantigen NCT06472245 | Metastatic NSCLC | 3 | Arm A: OSE2101 Arm B: Docetaxel … NSCLC | 2 | Radiotherapy + Pd-1 + Vaccine | / | 10 | ORR/DCR/TRAEs | PFS/OS | Personalized Neoantigen mRNA Vaccine | NCT03908671 | Advanced Esophageal Cancer or NSCLC | / | Vaccine | I | 24 | TRAEs | DCR/PFS/OS | Personalized Neoantigen NCT05142189 | NSCLC | / | Vaccine Alone or Vaccine + Cemiplimab/Docetaxel …