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[HIV and HCV coinfection].

Chronic hepatitis due to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is now one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected individuals. Coinfected patients present an accelerated course toward cirrhosis and an enhanced risk of liver toxicity associated with the use of antiretroviral agents. Treatment of chronic hepatitis C in HIV1 patients is less efficacious than in HCV-monoinfected individuals and requires particular expertise.

Infants born to mothers with severe acute respiratory syndrome.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a newly discovered infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus. During the community outbreak in Hong Kong, 5 liveborn infants were born to pregnant women with SARS. A systematic search for perinatal transmission of the SARS-associated coronavirus, including serial reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assays, viral cultures, and paired serologic titers, failed to detect the virus in any of the infants. In addition, none of the infants developed clinical, radiologic, hematologic, or biochemical evidence suggestive of SARS. One preterm

A review of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection.

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is an infectious disease characterized by non-specific laboratory changes and clinical signs. Clinical symptoms include anorexia, jaundice, fever, and weight loss. Moreover, some lesions are found in the digestive and respiratory systems. FIP, whose virulence varies, cannot be distinguished using several diagnostic methods. Moreover, feline coronaviruses (FCoVs) can be classified into two serotypes based on differences in their amino acid sequences, spike (S) protein sequences, and antibody (Ab) neutralization. There are two pathotypes, namely those caused b

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… Although ribavirin is active against FCoV in vitro , it is ineffective against FIP in cats. Hartman et al . [ 34 ] administered ribavirin (16.5 mg/kg orally, intramuscularly, or intravenously every 24 h for 10–14 days) to select kittens free of pathogens 18 h after a viral trial that induced FIP. … The FIP killed all of the kittens, including those treated with ribavirin and those left untreated. The clinical signs of illness were more severe in kittens treated with ribavirin, and their average survival time was shorter. …

Hepatitis C Management in a Lung Cancer Patient on Checkpoint Inhibition: A Case Report.

Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have fundamentally changed the paradigm of chronic hepatitis C treatment, and their use is now recommended for all patients with active infection. Immunosuppression is a known contributing factor to an increased risk of disease progression, necroinflammatory activity, and chronic liver disease in individuals with chronic viral hepatitis, including both hepatitis B and C. Viral reactivation or flares of disease activity have been described in patients with chronic hepatitis B or C, respectively, who undergo immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory treatments, includ

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… Patients received concomitant chemotherapy and HCV treatment with sofosbuvir-containing regimens (sofosbuvir-ledipasvir±ribavirin, sofosbuvir±ribavirin, sofosbuvir-simeprevir, or sofosbuvir-daclatasvir) per contemporaneous recommendations [ 9 ]. … Despite occasional ribavirin dose reduction or chemotherapy modification, no treatments were discontinued, and SVR was 95% (20/21) [ 7 ], supporting the safety of concomitant chemotherapy and DAAs in cancer patients with chronic HCV. …

High-Dose Intravenous Immunoglobulins in the Treatment of Severe Acute Viral Pneumonia: The Known Mechanisms and Clinical Effects.

The current outbreak of viral pneumonia, caused by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, is the focus of worldwide attention. The WHO declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic event on Mar 12, 2020, and the number of confirmed cases is still on the rise worldwide. While most infected individuals only experience mild symptoms or may even be asymptomatic, some patients rapidly progress to severe acute respiratory failure with substantial mortality, making it imperative to develop an efficient treatment for severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia alongside supportive care. So far, the optimal treatment strategy for

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… IVIg at 2.5–10 g/d for 2-13 d, average to 5 g/d for 5 d . ‖ These patients were treated with Ribavirin . ** All patients were treated with Oseltamivir, and 8.8% with zanamivir . †† All patients were treated with Oseltamivir . … Interestingly, an IgM-enriched IVIg preparation also showed significant beneficial effects in deteriorating SARS patients who failed corticosteroid and ribavirin treatment ( 225 ). …

COVID-19: A 2020 update

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… Another nucleotide analog, ribavirin, has shown in vitro activity against novel coronaviruses. Ribavirin also has indirect anti-viral properties that may be beneficial. … Novel coronavirus treatment with ribavirin: Groundwork for evaluation concerning COVID-19. J Med Virol. 2020;92:740–6. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25798. 42. Cao B, Wang Y, Wen D, Liu W, Wang J, Fan G, et al. A trial of lopinavir-ritonavir in adults hospitalized with severe covid-19. …

Multifunctional Actions of Ninjinyoeito, a Japanese Kampo Medicine: Accumulated Scientific Evidence Based on Experiments With Cells and Animal Models, and Clinical Studies.

Herbal medicines are currently employed for the treatment of several types of diseases, and also employed for the improvement of Quality of Life (QOL) of patients over the world, in particular, in Asian countries. In Japan, a Japanese herbal medicine namely kampo medicine has been prescribed for the improvement of QOL of patients. Ninjinyoeito (NYT), composed of 12 herbal plants, is one of kampo medicines and used for helping recovery of diseases and improving several symptoms that suffer patients such as anemia, anorexia and fatigue. Recent scientific research approaches to kampo medicines wi

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… In addition, a randomized controlled trial with NYT was conducted in patients receiving ribavirin, which shows a strong antiviral effect on hepatitis C. Ribavirin is known to cause serve anemia and this is the major problem. … In the study, NYT was shown to ameliorate the anemia induced by ribavirin in patients with hepatitis C ( 1 ). …

Risks and burden of viral respiratory tract infections in patients with multiple myeloma in the era of immunomodulatory drugs and bortezomib: experience at an Australian Cancer Hospital.

IntroductionInfections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with multiple myeloma. The epidemiology, risk factors and outcomes of viral respiratory tract infections (vRTI) are not well described in patients with multiple myeloma managed with novel agents, the current standard of care.MethodsPatients with myeloma from 2009 to 2012 who tested positive on respiratory virus multiplex polymerase chain reaction had clinical, radiological and microbiological records reviewed. The Fourth European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia (ECIL-4) definitions of RTI were applied. Univ

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… No RSV episode was treated with ribavirin, with the exception of one patient with concurrent RSV and influenza A who received both oseltamivir and ribavirin. Frequency of vRTI episodes, myeloma characteristics, infection site and outcomes according to key RV pathogens are summarized in Table 2 . … More research is required on the role of antiviral treatments such as ribavirin in this patient population. Our study has several limitations. This was a retrospective cohort study that used a positive viral result to identify cases. …

Characteristics of registered clinical trials assessing treatments for COVID-19: a cross-sectional analysis.

OBJECTIVES: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has prompted many initiatives to identify safe and efficacious treatments, yet little is known regarding where early efforts have focused. We aimed to characterise registered clinical trials assessing drugs or plasma treatments for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Cross-sectional analysis of clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19 that were registered in the USA or in countries contributing to the WHO's International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Relevant trial entries of drugs or plasma were downloaded on 26 M

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… Ribavirin | 1 | Inhibition of viral RNA and protein synthesis. | Hepatitis C. Oseltamivir | 2 | Inhibitor of influenza virus neuraminidase affecting release of viral particles. | Influenza. Umifenovir | 6 | Inhibits membrane fusion in influenza virus. | Influenza (Russia and China). … +interferon | 2 Ribavirin+lopinavir/ritonavir+interferon | 1 Umifenovir+interferon | 2 Other combinations | 3 Darunavir/cobicistat+thymosin | 1 Lopinavir/ritonavir+thymosin | 1 Ebastine+interferon+lopinavir | 1 Discussion This study characterised the scope, objectives and content of the current global …

Poly(ethylene glycol)-Prodrug Conjugates: Concept, Design, and Applications.

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is the most widely used polymer in delivering anticancer drugs clinically. PEGylation (i.e., the covalent attachment of PEG) of peptides proteins, drugs, and bioactives is known to enhance the aqueous solubility of hydrophobic drugs, prolong circulation time, minimize nonspecific uptake, and achieve specific tumor targetability through the enhanced permeability and retention effect. Numerous PEG-based therapeutics have been developed, and several have received market approval. A vast amount of clinical experience has been gained which has helped to design PEG prodru

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… Nevertheless, some reports have suggested that peginterferon α -ribavirin combination therapy has higher risks of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia than interferon α -ribavirin combination therapy [ 87 , 88 ], although both therapies have been reported to have similar side effect profiles. 6.1.6. … Peginterferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin compared with interferonalfa-2b plus ribavirin for initial treatment of chronic hepatitis C: a randomised trial. The Lancet. 2001;358(9286):958–965. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(01)06102-5. 75. Bukowski RM, Tendler C, Cutler D, Rose E, Laughlin MM, Statkevich P. …

Primed for global coronavirus pandemic: Emerging research and clinical outcome.

The global effort to combat and contain the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the recently discovered severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is now proceeding on a war footing. The world was slow to react to the developing crisis, but once the contours of the impending calamity became evident, the different state and non-state actors have raced to put their act together. The COVID-19 pandemic has blatantly exposed the shortcomings of our healthcare system and the limitations of medical science, despite considerable advances in recent years. To effectively tack

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… This University of Hong Kong sponsored triple combination therapy (lopinavir-ritonavir, ribavirin, and β-interferon) trial involved 127 COVID-19 patients (86 patients in the combination therapy group and 41 patients assigned to the control group). … In preclinical cell-based studies, ribavirin (a ribonucleoside analog) ( 73 ) showed activity against SARS-CoV-2 (EC 50 = 109.50 μM, CC 50 > 400 μM, selectivity index (SI) > 3.65) [ 65 ]. …

Infectious complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: current status and future perspectives in Korea.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a treatment for hematologic malignancies, immune deficiencies, or genetic diseases, ect. Recently, the number of HSCTs performed in Korea has increased and the outcomes have improved. However, infectious complications account for most of the morbidity and mortality after HSCT. Post-HSCT infectious complications are usually classified according to the time after HSCT: pre-engraftment, immediate post-engraftment, and late post-engraftment period. In addition, the types and risk factors of infectious complications differ according to the stem cell

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… Although evidence is lacking, if aerosolized ribavirin cannot be used, oral ribavirin or intravenous ribavirin may be considered [ 129 , 137 , 140 , 141 ]. … Proven PIV-LRTI should be treated with aerosolized ribavirin and IVIG in combination [ 129 , 137 , 140 ]. Unfortunately, aerosolized ribavirin is costly and available only through the Korea Orphan & Essential Drug Center in Korea, so its use is limited. …

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the treatment of late-onset hemorrhagic cystitis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

INTRODUCTION: Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is a common complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), characterized by inflammation and bleeding of the bladder. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been shown to be effective in the treatment of radiation-induced HC. However, the optimal treatment for HC after allogeneic HSCT has not yet been established. Furthermore, limited research has been conducted on the use of HBOT in this setting. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of HBOT in patients with late-onset HC after allogeneic HSCT. METHODS:

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… Cidofovir and ribavirin | 14 (23.0%) 3 (4.9%) 2 (3.3%) The most common nosological group observed in patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT is hematological malignancies ( n = 55, 90.2%). … A total of 31.1% ( n = 19) of the patients received antiviral agents, such as cidofovir and/or ribavirin. …

Remdesivir plus standard of care versus standard of care alone for the treatment of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (DisCoVeRy): a phase 3, randomised, controlled, open-label trial.

BACKGROUND: The antiviral efficacy of remdesivir against SARS-CoV-2 is still controversial. We aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of re … on to one of the studied treatments or their use in the 29 days before random assignment, or use of ribavirin, as well as pregnancy or breastfeeding. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1:1:1) to receive standard of care alone or in combination with remdesivir, lopinavir-ritonavir, lopinavir-ritonavir and interferon beta-1a, or hydroxychloroquine. Rand …

[A Case of Simultaneous Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Diagnosis with Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever].

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a zoonotic disease that can be presented with fever, fatigue, generalized joint/body pain, diarrhe … ferred to the Antalya Training and Research Hospital. The patient's CCHF serum result was positive. Ribavirin treatment was not initiated in the patient who was accepted to be in the convalescence period, piperacillin-tazobactam 4 x 4.5 g/day treatment was continued and supportive treatment was given. In the follow-up, as the patient's neutropenia, thromboc …

Daclatasvir for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C: A Critique of the Clinical and Economic Evidence.

The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) invited the manufacturer of daclatasvir (Bristol-Myers Squibb) to submit clinic … ss patient populations and regimens. The main evidence for daclatasvir + pegylated interferon-α and ribavirin (PR) came from one randomised controlled trial comparing daclatasvir + PR with PR in patients with genotype 4. This found an SVR12 rate of 82 % in previously untreated patients. Serious adverse event rates associated with daclatasvir were low. The l …

Appendix: The National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Management of Hepatitis C 2002.

The incidence of newly acquired hepatitis C infection has diminished in the United States. This decline is largely because of a decrease in … tic trials in defined, selected populations have shown clearly that combinations of interferons and ribavirin are more effective than monotherapy. Moreover, trials using pegylated interferons have yielded improved SVR rates with similar toxicity profiles. Results continue to show, however, that the SVR rate is less common in patients with genotype 1 infecti …

[Clinical efficacy and safety of different antiviral regimens in patients with coronavirus disease 2019].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficacy and short-term and long-term adverse reactions for different antiviral regiments for coronav … LPV/R). The unconventional antiviral group was given α-interferon combined with LPV/R and Abidor or Ribavirin or Chloroquine. The patients were divided into mild (13 cases), ordinary (45 cases), severe (14 cases) and critical (1 case) types. The clinical data, length of hospital stay, the first 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) nucleic acid negative recove …

Potential drug development and therapeutic approaches for clinical intervention in COVID-19.

While the vaccination is now available to many countries and will slowly dissipate to others, effective therapeutics for COVID-19 is still illusive. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has posed an unprecedented challenge to researchers, scientists, and clinicians and affected the wellbeing of millions of people worldwide. Since the beginning of the pandemic, a multitude of existing anti-viral, antibiotic, antimalarial, and anticancer drugs have been tested, and some have shown potency in the treatment and management of COVID-19, albeit others failed to leave any positive impact and a few also became cont

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… Hung et al. conducted a Phase II clinical study to treat COVID-19 patients with the triple combination of interferon beta-1b, lopinavir-ritonavir, and ribavirin. … Phase II & III clinical studies are underway to assess ribavirin's efficacy in retorting ongoing pandemic ( NCT04581915 ). Anti-HCV drugs Many anti-HCV drugs have been found effective against novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. …

Harnessing Type I IFN Immunity Against SARS-CoV-2 with Early Administration of IFN-β.

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… IFN regimens were discontinued for futility on October 16,2020 | | [ 16 ] IFNβ-1b | NCT04276688 | Study benefit of adding combined IFNβ+ribavirin to standard care with LPV/r | Randomized open-label phase 2 trial | China (Hong Kong) multi-centric n=6 | s.c. | Combined group: 8 MIU + ribavirin 400 mg … IFN-β1b s.c. plus lopinavir/ritonavir and ribavirin started at median 5 days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia resulted in shorter time to negative PCR in the triple treatment arm versus the lopinavir/ritonavir alone [ 132 ]. …