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An Appraisal of the Oleocanthal-Rich Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) and Its Potential Anticancer and Neuroprotective Properties.

Dietary consumption of olive oil represents a key pillar of the Mediterranean diet, which has been shown to exert beneficial effects on human health, such as the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases like cancers and neurodegenerative diseases, among others. These health benefits are partly mediated by the high-quality extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), which is produced mostly in Mediterranean countries and is directly made from olives, the fruit of the olive tree (Olea europaea L.). Preclinical evidence supports the existence of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties exerted by t

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… Mechanistically, oleocanthal inhibited EMT by downregulating the expression of the transcription factor Twist (a direct target of STAT3) and by decreasing STAT3 nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity, ultimately downregulating the cell cycle protein cyclin D1, the anti-apoptotic proteins survivin …

Multiple myeloma, a quintessential malignant disease of aging: a geroscience perspective on pathogenesis and treatment.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell malignancy, which is predominantly a disease of older adults (the median age at diagnosis is 70 years). The slow progression from asymptomatic stages and the late-onset of MM suggest fundamental differences compared to many other hematopoietic system-related malignancies. The concept discussed in this review is that age-related changes at the level of terminally differentiated plasma cells act as the main risk factors for the development of MM. Epigenetic and genetic changes that characterize both MM development and normal aging are highlighted

Nanoparticles Based Therapeutic Approaches in Oncogenic Viral Infections: A Review.

Nanotechnology has revolutionized biomedical research by providing novel strategies for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of oncogenic viral infections. Nanoparticles, possessing tunable physicochemical properties, enable targeted drug delivery, enhance vaccine efficacy, and facilitate advanced viral diagnostics, addressing key limitations of conventional therapies. Oncogenic viruses contribute substantially to the global burden of cancer through persistent infections and are influenced by environmental and lifestyle factors. The objective of this review is to synthesize and critically

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… Unregulated liver cell proliferation, survival, and HCC lead to the synthesis of WNT target genes. 91 The same outcome as WNT activation is obtained by upregulating PI3K/AKT and Ras/ERK1/2, which lead to the overexpression and activation of cyclin D1, c-Myc, and NF-B, respectively. …

Capsaicin: Current Understanding of Its Mechanisms and Therapy of Pain and Other Pre-Clinical and Clinical Uses.

In this review, we discuss the importance of capsaicin to the current understanding of neuronal modulation of pain and explore the mechanisms of capsaicin-induced pain. We will focus on the analgesic effects of capsaicin and its clinical applicability in treating pain. Furthermore, we will draw attention to the rationale for other clinical therapeutic uses and implications of capsaicin in diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular conditions, cancer, airway diseases, itch, gastric, and urological disorders.

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… Similarly, capsaicin reduces in a concentration-dependent manner cyclin D1 in colon cancer cell lines [ 213 , 219 ]. …

Natural biomolecules and derivatives as anticancer immunomodulatory agents.

Despite advancements in chemotherapy, the issue of resistance and non-responsiveness to many chemotherapeutic drugs that are currently in clinical use still remains. Recently, cancer immunotherapy has gathered attention as a novel treatment against select cancers. Immunomodulation is also emerging as an effective strategy to improve efficacy. Natural phytochemicals, with known anticancer properties, been reported to mediate their effects by modulating both traditional cancer pathways and immunity. The mechanism of phytochemical mediated-immunomodulatory activity may be attributed to the remode

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… Dihydroartemisinin-dependent inhibition of STAT3 decreased the levels of antiapoptotic (Bcl-xL, Mcl-1), proproliferative (cyclin D1), prometastatic (MMP-2/9) and proangiogenic (VEGF) proteins resulting in inhibited xenograft tumor growth ( 85 ). …

Targeting Oncoproteins for Molecular Cancer Therapy

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… A recent trial in metastatic melanoma found no correlation between clinical responses and BRAF V600E mutation status, cyclin D1, or the proliferation marker Ki-67 [ 223 ]. …

IL-6 in the Ecosystem of Head and Neck Cancer: Possible Therapeutic Perspectives.

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a highly potent cytokine involved in multiple biological processes. It was previously reported to play a distinct role in inflammation, autoimmune and psychiatric disorders, ageing and various types of cancer. Furthermore, it is understood that IL-6 and its signaling pathways are substantial players in orchestrating the cancer microenvironment. Thus, they appear to be potential targets in anti-tumor therapy. The aim of this article is to elucidate the role of IL-6 in the tumor ecosystem and to review the possible therapeutic approaches in head and neck cancer.

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… Nuclear PRMT5, Cyclin D1 and IL-6 Are Associated with Poor Outcome in Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients and Is Inversely Associated with P16-Status Oncotarget 2017 8 14847 10.18632/oncotarget.14682 28107179 PMC5362449 109. St. John M.A.R. Li Y. Zhou X. Denny P. Ho C.M. Montemagno C. …

Research progress on arsenic, arsenic-containing medicinal materials, and arsenic-containing preparations: clinical application, pharmacological effects, and toxicity.

Introduction: The toxicity of arsenic is widely recognized globally, mainly harming human health by polluting water, soil, and food. However, its formulations can also be used for the clinical treatment of diseases such as leukemia and tumors. Arsenic has been used as a drug in China for over 2,400 years, with examples such as the arsenic-containing drug realgar mentioned in Shennong's Herbal Classic. We have reviewed references on arsenic over the past thirty years and found that research has mainly focused on clinical, pharmacological, and toxicological aspects. Results and Discussion: The f

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… Lo et al. (2014) found that As 2 O 3 induces apoptosis in MCL lymphocytes in a time- and dose-dependent manner while inhibiting cyclin D1. …

Circulating Tumour Cells (CTCs) in NSCLC: From Prognosis to Therapy Design.

Designing optimal (neo)adjuvant therapy is a crucial aspect of the treatment of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Standard methods of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy represent effective strategies for treatment. However, in some cases with high metastatic activity and high levels of circulating tumour cells (CTCs), the efficacy of standard treatment methods is insufficient and results in treatment failure and reduced patient survival. CTCs are seen not only as an isolated phenomenon but also a key inherent part of the formation of metastasis and a key factor in cancer death.

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… In addition, STAT3-regulated promoter activation of VEGF, Bcl-xL, and cyclin D1 was also repressed after treatment [ 285 ]. Targeting STAT3 thus represents another promising approach for reducing CTC counts. … Lu et al. reported that administration of curcumin to NSCLC cells (95D and A549) reduced the overexpression of metastasis-associated protein 1, which caused a decrease in Wnt/β-catenin signalling (downregulation of β-catenin, cyclin D1, and MMP-7) [ 317 ]. …

Specific epigenetic regulators serve as potential therapeutic targets in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a disorder observed mostly in older human beings, is characterised by chronic and progressive lung scarring leading to an irreversible decline in lung function. This health condition has a dismal prognosis and the currently available drugs only delay but fail to reverse the progression of lung damage. Consequently, it becomes imperative to discover improved therapeutic compounds and their cellular targets to cure IPF. In this regard, a number of recent studies have targeted the epigenetic regulation by histone deacetylases (HDACs) to develop and categorise

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… Noteworthy, one of the previously described non-selective HDACi, named Panobinostat, when administered in IPF-HLFs, decreases the levels of proliferation markers phospho-histone H3 and cyclin D1 (CCND1), suggesting a reduction in the proliferation of these cells [ 49 , 159 ]. …

The Complosome: An Emerging Intracellular Complement Network in Cancer Development and Therapy.

The complement system is traditionally recognized as a major effector of innate immunity, essential for pathogen clearance, inflammation and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. In recent years, however, its role in cancer has been substantially redefined. Beyond its canonical extracellular activity, complement has emerged as a multifaceted regulator of tumor biology, acting not only within the tumor microenvironment but also intracellularly through the recently described intracellular complement system (complosome). While extracellular complement primarily shapes immune responses and the tu

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… Moreover, the silencing of CFB expression increases number of senescence-associated-β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) cells with increased p21 and cyclin D1 expression, showing the induction of the senescence in PDAC cells. …

Emerging insights into the gut microbiota as a key regulator of immunity and response to immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma.

The gut microbiota, a complex microbial ecosystem closely connected to the liver via the portal vein, has emerged as a critical regulator of liver health and disease. Numerous studies have underscored its role in the onset and progression of liver disorders, including alcoholic liver disease, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This review provides a comprehensive overview of current insights into the influence of the gut microbiota on HCC progre

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… More interestingly, the administration of probiotic fermented milk was found to attenuate the expression of rasp-21 , c-myc , cyclin D1 , and Bcl-2 in rat models of HCC, thereby impeding tumor progression ( 90 ). …

Revitalizing Cancer Treatment: Exploring the Role of Drug Repurposing.

Cancer persists as a global challenge necessitating continual innovation in treatment strategies. Despite significant advancements in comprehending the disease, cancer remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide, exerting substantial economic burdens on healthcare systems and societies. The emergence of drug resistance further complicates therapeutic efficacy, underscoring the urgent need for alternative approaches. Drug repurposing, characterized by the utilization of existing drugs for novel clinical applications, emerges as a promising avenue for addressing these challenges. Repurposed d

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… Mechanistically, the DSF and Cu combination reduced the survival of BCSCs by targeting STAT3 signaling, evidenced by decreased phosphorylated STAT3 and downstream mediators survivin and cyclin D1. …

CircRNA ITCH: Insight Into Its Role and Clinical Application Prospect in Tumor and Non-Tumor Diseases.

CircRNA E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (ITCH) (circRNA ITCH, circ-ITCH), a stable closed-loop RNA derived from the 20q11.22 region of chromosome 20, is a new circRNA discovered in the cytoplasm in recent decades. Studies have shown that it does not encode proteins, but regulates proteins expression at different levels. It is down-regulated in tumor diseases and is involved in a number of biological activities, including inhibiting cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and promoting apoptosis. It can also alter disease progression in non-tumor disease by affecting the cell cycle, inflammatory r

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… CyclinD1 (also known as G1/S-specific cyclin D1), on the other hand, regulates the cell cycle and promotes cell proliferation, and is up-regulated in a number of malignancies ( Glöckner et al., 2002 ). …

AIMP1 promotes multiple myeloma malignancy through interacting with ANP32A to mediate histone H3 acetylation.

BackgroundMultiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy. An overwhelming majority of patients with MM progress to serious osteolytic bone disease. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multifunctional protein 1 (AIMP1) participates in several steps during cancer development and osteoclast differentiation. This study aimed to explore its role in MM.MethodsThe gene expression profiling cohorts of MM were applied to determine the expression of AIMP1 and its association with MM patient prognosis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotti

Multiple Myeloma Bone Disease: Implication of MicroRNAs in Its Molecular Background.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a common hematological malignancy arising from terminally differentiated plasma cells. In the majority of cases, symptomatic disease is characterized by the presence of bone disease. Multiple myeloma bone disease (MMBD) is a result of an imbalance in the bone-remodeling process that leads to increased osteoclast activity and decreased osteoblast activity. The molecular background of MMBD appears intriguingly complex, as several signaling pathways and cell-to-cell interactions are implicated in the pathophysiology of MMBD. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA mol

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… This correlation can be explained by the fact that miR-181a-5p has been shown to promote MM progression, by contributing to the downregulation of cyclin D1 ( CCND1 ) [ 120 ], which is also negatively regulated in MMBD due to the deregulation of the WNT signaling pathway [ 121 ]. 6. …

Animal Models of Multiple Myeloma Bone Disease.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal B-cell disorder characterized by the proliferation of malignant plasma cells (PCs) in the bone marrow, the presence of monoclonal serum immunoglobulin, and osteolytic lesions. It is the second most common hematological malignancy and considered an incurable disease despite significant treatment improvements. MM bone disease (MMBD) is defined as the presence of one or more osteolytic bone lesions or diffused osteoporosis with compression fracture attributable to the underlying clonal PC disorder. MMBD causes severe morbidity and increases mortality. Cumulative

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… The transcriptional profiles of the lymphoid and MM cells show the liberation of qualities with known dysfunction in human MM, including cyclin D1, gp130, MAF, MAFB, CEBPs, BAFF, and APRIL ( Carrasco et al., 2007 ). …

Cannabidiol-from Plant to Human Body: A Promising Bioactive Molecule with Multi-Target Effects in Cancer.

Cannabis sativa L. is a plant long used for its textile fibers, seed oil, and oleoresin with medicinal and psychoactive properties. It is the main source of phytocannabinoids, with over 100 compounds detected so far. In recent years, a lot of attention has been given to the main phytochemicals present in Cannabis sativa L., namely, cannabidiol (CBD) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Compared to THC, CBD has non-psychoactive effects, an advantage for clinical applications of anti-tumor benefits. The review is designed to provide an update regarding the multi-target effects of CBD in different

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… Moreover, treatment with CBD led to an interaction between PPARγ, mTOR, and cyclin D1 to the advantage of apoptosis induction [ 98 ]. In 2014, Elbaz et al. studied the anti-tumor mechanism of CBD: they showed that it inhibits epidermal growth factor-induced proliferation. …

Targeted therapy for multiple myeloma: an overview on CD138-based strategies.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematological disease characterized by the uncontrolled growth of plasma cells primarily in the bone marrow. Although its treatment consists of the administration of combined therapy regimens mainly based on immunomodulators and proteosome inhibitors, MM remains incurable, and most patients suffer from relapsed/refractory disease with poor prognosis and survival. The robust results achieved by immunotherapy targeting MM-associated antigens CD38 and CD319 (also known as SLAMF7) have drawn attention to the development of new immune-based strategies and diffe

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… Alterations of the cyclin D1/pRb/p16(INK4A) pathway in multiple myeloma . Leukemia . ( 2002 ) 16 : 1844–51 . doi: 10.1038/sj.leu.2402609 12200702 74 Mateos MV García-Sanz R López-Pérez R Moro MJ Ocio E Hernández J . …

Anti-Cancer Potential of Cannabinoids, Terpenes, and Flavonoids Present in Cannabis.

In recent years, and even more since its legalization in several jurisdictions, cannabis and the endocannabinoid system have received an increasing amount of interest related to their potential exploitation in clinical settings. Cannabinoids have been suggested and shown to be effective in the treatment of various conditions. In cancer, the endocannabinoid system is altered in numerous types of tumours and can relate to cancer prognosis and disease outcome. Additionally, cannabinoids display anticancer effects in several models by suppressing the proliferation, migration and/or invasion of can

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… These changes were correlated with a decrease in cell cycle regulatory proteins such as cyclin D1 [ 186 ]. Other studies have found that D-limonene treatment of induced hepatocarcinogenesis in mice reduced transcription of the oncogenes c-jun and c-myc [ 184 ]. …